纳米尺度沥青微观结构特征演化分析
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摘要
为研究老化引起的沥青纳米尺度微观结构演化特征,建立微观结构演化特征与宏观尺度性能衰变之间的相关关系,分别选取实验室老化和现场老化回收的沥青样本为研究对象,利用原子力显微技术(AFM)和动态剪切流变试验(DSR),对沥青表面微观结构的演变特性和宏观性能的衰变规律进行了研究。研究结果表明:老化对沥青表面微观结构形貌有显著影响,未老化沥青和短期老化(RTFOT)沥青样本表面形貌中存在典型的"蜂相结构",长期老化(PAV)和铣刨料(RAP)中抽提回收的沥青样本其表面形貌仅呈现一些褶皱似的凸起和亮白色斑点;在纳米尺度,老化改变了沥青纳米级相态的空间分布特性,降低了相态之间表面高度差异,表面高度以及表面粗糙度指标可以量化这种空间分布的特征;宏观尺度上,沥青样本黏弹特性发生显著变化,复数剪切模量升高,相位角降低,这种流变响应可以表征老化引起的流变性能的演变。基于此,提出了沥青纳米级形貌特征和流变性能相关关系的量化表征模型。
To investigate the evolution features of nanoscale microstructure of asphalt resulting from aging and establish the correlation between the evolution features of microstructure and the decay of macroscale performance,taking asphalt samples aging in the laboratory and field as research objects,the evolution features of microstructure in the surface of asphalt were investigated by atomic force microscopy(AFM).In addition,dynamic shear rheological(DSR)test was applied to measure the decay law of rheological properties.The results show that aging has a significant effect on the microstructure.The typical bee-shaped structures are observed in the microstructures of original asphalt and RTFOT-asphalt,while the asphalt samples extracted from PAV and RAP show some wrinkle-like projections and bright white spots in their surfaces.At the nanoscale,aging is found to alter the spatial variations and reduce the nanoscale height differences among different phases.The surface microstructure evolution could be characterized and quantified by surface height or surface roughness parameter.At the macroscale,viscoelastic properties of asphalt change significantly such as the increasing complex shear modulus and thedecreasing phase angle.The rheological response could represent the evolution of the rheological properties initiated from aging.Based on these,models that could quantize the correlation between surface microstructure features and rheological properties are proposed.
To investigate the evolution features of nanoscale microstructure of asphalt resulting from aging and establish the correlation between the evolution features of microstructure and the decay of macroscale performance,taking asphalt samples aging in the laboratory and field as research objects,the evolution features of microstructure in the surface of asphalt were investigated by atomic force microscopy(AFM).In addition,dynamic shear rheological(DSR)test was applied to measure the decay law of rheological properties.The results show that aging has a significant effect on the microstructure.The typical bee-shaped structures are observed in the microstructures of original asphalt and RTFOT-asphalt,while the asphalt samples extracted from PAV and RAP show some wrinkle-like projections and bright white spots in their surfaces.At the nanoscale,aging is found to alter the spatial variations and reduce the nanoscale height differences among different phases.The surface microstructure evolution could be characterized and quantified by surface height or surface roughness parameter.At the macroscale,viscoelastic properties of asphalt change significantly such as the increasing complex shear modulus and thedecreasing phase angle.The rheological response could represent the evolution of the rheological properties initiated from aging.Based on these,models that could quantize the correlation between surface microstructure features and rheological properties are proposed.
引文
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[9]SCHMETS A,KRINGOS N,PAULI T,et al.On the Existence of Wax-induced Phase Separation in Bitumen[J].International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2010,11(6):555-563.
[10]PAULI A T,GRIMES R W,BEEMER A G,et al.Morphology of Asphalts,Asphalt Fractions and Model Wax-doped Asphalts Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy[J].International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2011,12(4):291-309.
[11]YANG Jun,GONG Ming-hui,WANG Xiao-ting,et al.Observation and Characterization of Asphalt Microstructure by Atomic Force Microscopy[J].Journal of Southeast University:English Edition,2014,30(3):353-357.
[12]JAGER A,LACKNER R,SITTNER C E,et al.Identification of Microstructural Components of Bitumen by Means of Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM)[J].PAMM,2004,4(1):400-401.
[13]JAGER A,LACKNER R,BLAB R,et al.Identification of Four Material Phases in Bitumen by Atomic Force Microscopy[J].Road Materials and Pavement Design,2004,5(1):9-24.
[14]ALLEN R G,LITTLE D N,BHASINET A,et al.The Effects of Chemical Composition on Asphalt Microstructure and Their Association to Pavement Performance[J].International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2014,15(1):9-22.
[15]ALLEN R G.Properties in Asphalt Using Atomic Force Microscopy[D].Austin:Texas University,2011.
[16]WU S P,ZHU G J,CHEN Z,et al.Laboratory Research on Rheological Behavior and Characterization of Ultraviolet Aged Asphalt[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2008,15(1):369-373.
[17]NAHAR S N,QIU J A,SCHMETS A J M,et al.Turning Back Time:Rheological and Microstructural Assessment of Rejuvenated Bitumen[J].Transportation Research Record,2014(2444):52-62.
[18]POULIKAKOS L D,SANTOS S D,BUENO M,et al.Influence of Short and Long Term Aging on Chemical,Microstructural and Macro-mechanical Properties of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures[J].Construction and Building Materials,2014,51:414-423.
[2]WU S P,PANG L,MO T L,et al.Influence of Aging on the Evolution of Structure,Morphology and Rheology of Base and SBS Modified Bitumen[J].Construction and Building Materials,2009,23(2):1005-1010.
[3]耿九光.沥青老化机理及再生技术研究[D].西安:长安大学,2009.GENG Jiu-guang.Research of the Mechanism of Asphalt Aging and Regeneration Technology[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2009.
[4]杨序纲,杨潇.原子力显微术及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011.YANG Xu-gang,YANG Xiao.Atomic Force Microscopy and Its Applications[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2011.
[5]谭忆秋,任俊达,邢超,等.基于细观尺度的沸石沥青结构分析[J].中国公路学报,2014,27(4):1-8.TAN Yi-qiu,REN Jun-da,XING Chao,et al.Analysis on Meso-structure of Zeolite Asphalt[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2014,27(4):1-8.
[6]孙璐,朱浩然,辛宪涛,等.纳米改性沥青制备和路用性能研究[J].中国公路学报,2013,26(1):15-22.SUN Lu,ZHU Hao-ran,XIN Xian-tao,et al.Preparation of Nano-modified Asphalt and Its Road Performance Evaluation[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2013,26(1):15-22.
[7]LOEBER L,SUTTON O,MOREL J,et al.New Direct Observations of Asphalt and Asphalt Binders by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy[J].Journal of Microscopy,1996,182(1):32-39.
[8]MASSON J F,LEBLOND V,MARGESON J.Bitumen Morphologies by Phase-detection Atomic Force Microscopy[J].Journal of Microscopy,2006,221(1):17-29.
[9]SCHMETS A,KRINGOS N,PAULI T,et al.On the Existence of Wax-induced Phase Separation in Bitumen[J].International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2010,11(6):555-563.
[10]PAULI A T,GRIMES R W,BEEMER A G,et al.Morphology of Asphalts,Asphalt Fractions and Model Wax-doped Asphalts Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy[J].International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2011,12(4):291-309.
[11]YANG Jun,GONG Ming-hui,WANG Xiao-ting,et al.Observation and Characterization of Asphalt Microstructure by Atomic Force Microscopy[J].Journal of Southeast University:English Edition,2014,30(3):353-357.
[12]JAGER A,LACKNER R,SITTNER C E,et al.Identification of Microstructural Components of Bitumen by Means of Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM)[J].PAMM,2004,4(1):400-401.
[13]JAGER A,LACKNER R,BLAB R,et al.Identification of Four Material Phases in Bitumen by Atomic Force Microscopy[J].Road Materials and Pavement Design,2004,5(1):9-24.
[14]ALLEN R G,LITTLE D N,BHASINET A,et al.The Effects of Chemical Composition on Asphalt Microstructure and Their Association to Pavement Performance[J].International Journal of Pavement Engineering,2014,15(1):9-22.
[15]ALLEN R G.Properties in Asphalt Using Atomic Force Microscopy[D].Austin:Texas University,2011.
[16]WU S P,ZHU G J,CHEN Z,et al.Laboratory Research on Rheological Behavior and Characterization of Ultraviolet Aged Asphalt[J].Journal of Central South University of Technology,2008,15(1):369-373.
[17]NAHAR S N,QIU J A,SCHMETS A J M,et al.Turning Back Time:Rheological and Microstructural Assessment of Rejuvenated Bitumen[J].Transportation Research Record,2014(2444):52-62.
[18]POULIKAKOS L D,SANTOS S D,BUENO M,et al.Influence of Short and Long Term Aging on Chemical,Microstructural and Macro-mechanical Properties of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures[J].Construction and Building Materials,2014,51:414-423.