石膏基聚苯乙烯饰面防火板的阻燃性能研究
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摘要
为解决建筑外保温系统发生火灾时火焰蔓延速度快和有毒烟气产生量大等问题,以α-盐石膏和粉煤灰为基材,氢氧化镁为无机阻燃剂,聚羧酸减水剂为外加剂制作自流平砂浆;通过正交试验,研究聚苯乙烯泡沫保温板(EPS)表面涂覆自流平砂浆对其阻燃性能和耐火性能的影响。结果表明:减水剂掺量是影响氧指数(LOI)测试结果的主要因素;氢氧化镁掺量对于热释放速率峰值(pk-HRR)、总热释放量(THR)以及点燃时间(TTI)的影响尤为明显;粉煤灰取代率是影响烟密度等级的主要因素;阻燃性能好的石膏基自流平砂浆最佳配合比为水胶比为0.30,粉煤灰取代率为30%,减水剂掺量为0.2%,氢氧化镁掺量为12%,饰面阻燃处理后能明显提高EPS板材的阻燃和抑烟效果。
To solve the problem of rapid propagation of fire and the production of toxic smoke in building exterior insulation system, a kind of self-leveling mortar was made by using magnesium hydroxide as an inorganic flame retardant and polycarboxylic acid water reducer as admixture. The effect of the self-leveling mortar coated on the surface of EPS on flame-retardant properties of fire-resistant polystyrene board was studied by carrying out orthogonal test. The results show that the amount of water reducing agent can change the thickness of mortar cover by affecting the fluidity of self-leveling mortar, which is the main factor affecting the results of oxygen index(LOI) test, that among the four factors, the effect of Mg(OH)_2 content on peak heat release rate(pk-HRR), total heat release(THR) rate and ignition time(TTI) is especially obvious, that the replacement rate of fly ash is the main factor affecting the smoke density grade, that the best proportioning of gypsum based self-leveling mortar with good flame retardance is that water binder ratio is 0.30, fly ash substitution rate is 30%, water reducing agent content is 0.2%, magnesium hydroxide content is 12%, and that the flame retardant and smoke suppression effects of EPS boards can be significantly improved by flame retardant treatment.
To solve the problem of rapid propagation of fire and the production of toxic smoke in building exterior insulation system, a kind of self-leveling mortar was made by using magnesium hydroxide as an inorganic flame retardant and polycarboxylic acid water reducer as admixture. The effect of the self-leveling mortar coated on the surface of EPS on flame-retardant properties of fire-resistant polystyrene board was studied by carrying out orthogonal test. The results show that the amount of water reducing agent can change the thickness of mortar cover by affecting the fluidity of self-leveling mortar, which is the main factor affecting the results of oxygen index(LOI) test, that among the four factors, the effect of Mg(OH)_2 content on peak heat release rate(pk-HRR), total heat release(THR) rate and ignition time(TTI) is especially obvious, that the replacement rate of fly ash is the main factor affecting the smoke density grade, that the best proportioning of gypsum based self-leveling mortar with good flame retardance is that water binder ratio is 0.30, fly ash substitution rate is 30%, water reducing agent content is 0.2%, magnesium hydroxide content is 12%, and that the flame retardant and smoke suppression effects of EPS boards can be significantly improved by flame retardant treatment.
引文
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[7] YAN Hong, DU Xiangxiang, ZHANG Meng, et al. Synthesis and characterization of novel organic magnesium salt flame retardant[J]. Materials Letters, 2014, 134: 210-213.
[8] GB/T2406—2009,塑料-用氧指数测定燃烧行为[S].GB/T2406-2009,Plastics-determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index[S].
[9] ISO 5660—1,对火反应试验—热释放、产烟量及质量损失率,第1部分:热释放速率(锥形量热仪法)[S].ISO5660-1, Reaction to fire tests-heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate-part 1: heat release rate [S].
[10] GB8627—2007,建筑材料燃烧或分解的烟密度试验方法[S].GB8627-2007,Test method for density of smoke from the burning or decomposition of building materials[S].
[11] JC/T1023—2007,石膏基自流平砂浆[S].JC/T1023-2007, Gypsum based self-leveling floor compound[S].
[12] 黄雅妮.氢氧化镁无机阻燃剂的改性研究进展[J].材料导报,2014,28(增1): 364-367.HUANG Yani. Modification research progress of magnesium hydroxide inorganic flame retardant[J]. Materials Review, 2014, 28(S1): 364-367.
[13] 王圣程,张云峰,禄利刚.协同改性聚氨酯保温材料的阻燃性能[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(12): 14-19.WANG Shengcheng, ZHANG Yunfeng, LU Ligang. Flame-retardant properties of polyurethane insulation materials modified collaboratively[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2017, 27(12): 14-19.
[14] 于水军,陈亮,魏月贝.无机包覆聚苯乙烯板烟气产生规律研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2018, 18(2): 1 633-1 636.YU Shuijun, CHEN Liang, WEI Yuebei. Study on the smoke from inorganic coated polystyrene foam burn in fire[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2018, 18(2): 1 633-1 636.
[2] 窦家林.阻燃级发泡聚苯乙烯树脂的研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2011.DOU Jialin. The research of the flame retardant expandable polystyrene[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2011.
[3] ZHANG Hongquan, LI Feng, DEVER B, et al. DNA-mediated homogeneous binding assays for nucleic acids and proteins[J]. Chemical Review, 2013, 113(4): 2 812-2 841.
[4] AHMED L, ZHANG Bin, HAWKINS S, et al. Study of thermal and mechanical behaviors of flame retardant polystyrene-based nanocomposites prepared via in-situ polymerization method[J]. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2017, 49: 228-239.
[5] 王正洲,隋孝禹,揭敢新,等.聚磷酸铵微胶囊对环氧树脂阻燃性能和力学性能的影响[J]. 高分子材料科学与工程,2012,28(4): 39-42.WANG Zhengzhou, SUI Xiaoyu, JIE Ganxin, et al. Effect of APP microcapsules on flame retardant and mechanical properties of epoxy resins[J]. Polymer Materials Science & Engineering,2012, 28(4): 39-42.
[6] 祝飞.聚磷腈/氢氧化镁协同阻燃聚丙烯的研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2012, 22(7): 31-35.ZHU Fei. Study on polyphosphazene /magnesium hydroxide as synergistic flame retardants for polypropylene[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2012, 22(7): 31-35.
[7] YAN Hong, DU Xiangxiang, ZHANG Meng, et al. Synthesis and characterization of novel organic magnesium salt flame retardant[J]. Materials Letters, 2014, 134: 210-213.
[8] GB/T2406—2009,塑料-用氧指数测定燃烧行为[S].GB/T2406-2009,Plastics-determination of burning behaviour by oxygen index[S].
[9] ISO 5660—1,对火反应试验—热释放、产烟量及质量损失率,第1部分:热释放速率(锥形量热仪法)[S].ISO5660-1, Reaction to fire tests-heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate-part 1: heat release rate [S].
[10] GB8627—2007,建筑材料燃烧或分解的烟密度试验方法[S].GB8627-2007,Test method for density of smoke from the burning or decomposition of building materials[S].
[11] JC/T1023—2007,石膏基自流平砂浆[S].JC/T1023-2007, Gypsum based self-leveling floor compound[S].
[12] 黄雅妮.氢氧化镁无机阻燃剂的改性研究进展[J].材料导报,2014,28(增1): 364-367.HUANG Yani. Modification research progress of magnesium hydroxide inorganic flame retardant[J]. Materials Review, 2014, 28(S1): 364-367.
[13] 王圣程,张云峰,禄利刚.协同改性聚氨酯保温材料的阻燃性能[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(12): 14-19.WANG Shengcheng, ZHANG Yunfeng, LU Ligang. Flame-retardant properties of polyurethane insulation materials modified collaboratively[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2017, 27(12): 14-19.
[14] 于水军,陈亮,魏月贝.无机包覆聚苯乙烯板烟气产生规律研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2018, 18(2): 1 633-1 636.YU Shuijun, CHEN Liang, WEI Yuebei. Study on the smoke from inorganic coated polystyrene foam burn in fire[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2018, 18(2): 1 633-1 636.