大白菜主要表型性状的配合力评价及遗传力分析
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摘要
为了研究大白菜主要表型性状的遗传规律,为大白菜育种提供理论依据,以8个不同来源的大白菜纯合自交不亲和系为亲本材料,按完全双列杂交Ⅱ设计自交8个亲本和配制28个杂交组合,对株高、株幅、最大叶片长、最大叶片宽、叶柄宽、叶片总数、球形指数、单球毛质量、单球净质量、中心柱长和软叶率11个主要表型性状进行了基因型方差分析、配合力评价及遗传力分析。结果表明:8个大白菜骨干自交系除了球形指数的特殊配合力达到显著水平外,其余的表型性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达到极显著水平;亲本P_1(1305)、P_2(陕5555)、P_3(J白花)、P_4(Q叠)的株幅、株高、最大叶片长、最大叶片宽、叶柄宽、软叶率的一般配合力均表现出明显的正向效应,是选育丰产性品种的优良亲本;亲本P_6(C皇)、P_7(H娃)的株幅、株高、最大叶片长、中心柱长、叶柄宽均表现为较明显的负向效应,而球形指数、叶片总数则表现为较大的正向效应,是选育早熟、小高桩型、叶片多、耐抽薹品种的优良亲本。杂交组合P_1×P_8(1305×G丽)、P_4×P_6(Q叠×C皇)、P_4×P_7(Q叠×H娃)属于综合性状优良的组合,无论在株型、叶片还是丰产上都表现出较高水平。可利用P_1(1305)和P_4(Q叠)改良株高、株幅、单球产量;可利用P_7(H娃)增加叶片总数,降低中心柱长;可利用P_8(G丽)改良球形,降低中心柱长。
In order to further explore the inheritance of the main phenotypic traits and provide theoretical basis for select elite parents and excellent combinations in Chinese cabbage breeding. 8 pure inbred lines with differential gene were taken as parents,and the progeny of 8 pure inbred lines and 28 crossing combinations were obtained according to genetic design. 11 characters including plant height,plant width,the maximum length of leaf,the maximum width of leaf,petiole width,the total number of inner leaf,the leaf head index,the gross weight of single leaf head,the net weight of single leaf head,the rate of net leaf head,the core length and the rate of net leaf were detailedly investigated in parents and F1 generation.And then,genotype variance analysis,combining ability evaluation and genetic analysis were carried out.The results showed that,the difference of the general combining ability( GCA) and specific combiningability( SCA) in all the phenotypic traits was at 1% significant level,except for the leaf head index at 5%significant level. Plant width,plant height,the maximum length of outer leaf,the maximum width of outer leaf,petiole width and the rate of net leaf,obviously showed the positive GCA effect in the parents P_1(1305),P_2( Shan 5555),P_3( J Baihua) and P_4( Q Die),which were ideal parents for improving the yields. However,plant width,plant height,the maximum length of outer leaf,the core length and petiole width showed the negitive GCA effect and the total number of inner leaf,the leaf head index showed the positive GCA effect in the parents P_6(C Huang) and P_7(H Wa),which were used as the key parents for selecting combination with traits including early maturity,small plant height,many leaves and bolting resistance. Thus,the combination P_1× P_8(1305 × G Li),P_4× P_6(Q Die × C Huang),P_4× P_7(Q Die × H Wa) could be regarded as the excellent combinations with ideal agronomic characters such as plant type,inner leaves and net weight of single head. Above all,the parents P_1(1305) and P_4(Q Die) could be used to adjust the plant height and the plant width,and improve the net weight of single leaf head. The parent P_7(H Wa) could be served to increase the total number of inner leaves and decrease the core length. While the parent P_8(G Li) could be taken alter the leaf head index and decrease the core length.
In order to further explore the inheritance of the main phenotypic traits and provide theoretical basis for select elite parents and excellent combinations in Chinese cabbage breeding. 8 pure inbred lines with differential gene were taken as parents,and the progeny of 8 pure inbred lines and 28 crossing combinations were obtained according to genetic design. 11 characters including plant height,plant width,the maximum length of leaf,the maximum width of leaf,petiole width,the total number of inner leaf,the leaf head index,the gross weight of single leaf head,the net weight of single leaf head,the rate of net leaf head,the core length and the rate of net leaf were detailedly investigated in parents and F1 generation.And then,genotype variance analysis,combining ability evaluation and genetic analysis were carried out.The results showed that,the difference of the general combining ability( GCA) and specific combiningability( SCA) in all the phenotypic traits was at 1% significant level,except for the leaf head index at 5%significant level. Plant width,plant height,the maximum length of outer leaf,the maximum width of outer leaf,petiole width and the rate of net leaf,obviously showed the positive GCA effect in the parents P_1(1305),P_2( Shan 5555),P_3( J Baihua) and P_4( Q Die),which were ideal parents for improving the yields. However,plant width,plant height,the maximum length of outer leaf,the core length and petiole width showed the negitive GCA effect and the total number of inner leaf,the leaf head index showed the positive GCA effect in the parents P_6(C Huang) and P_7(H Wa),which were used as the key parents for selecting combination with traits including early maturity,small plant height,many leaves and bolting resistance. Thus,the combination P_1× P_8(1305 × G Li),P_4× P_6(Q Die × C Huang),P_4× P_7(Q Die × H Wa) could be regarded as the excellent combinations with ideal agronomic characters such as plant type,inner leaves and net weight of single head. Above all,the parents P_1(1305) and P_4(Q Die) could be used to adjust the plant height and the plant width,and improve the net weight of single leaf head. The parent P_7(H Wa) could be served to increase the total number of inner leaves and decrease the core length. While the parent P_8(G Li) could be taken alter the leaf head index and decrease the core length.
引文
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[14] Shen Z,Zhang K Q,Ma L Y,et al. Analysis of the genetic relationships and diversity among 11 populations of Xanthoceras sorbifolia using phenotypic and microsatellite marker data[J]. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology,2017,26:33-39.
[15] Sun R F,Niu X K. Inheritance of head weight and other agronomic characters in Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis)[J]. Acta Horticulturae,1995,402:445-449.
[16] Mistry C,Kathiria K B,Sabolu S,et al. Heritability and gene effects for yield related quantitative traits in eggplant[J]. Annals of Agricultural Sciences,2016,61(2):237-246.
[17] Murtadha M A,Ariyo O J,Alghamdi S S. Analysis of combining ability over environments in diallel crosses of maize(Zea mays)[J]. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences,2018,17(1):69-78.
[18] Bertoia L M,Aulicino M B. Maize forage aptitude:Combining ability of inbred lines and stability of hybrids[J].The Crop Journal,2014,2(6):407-418.
[19] Xiang C,Zhang H J,Wang H,et al. Dissection of combining ability for yield and related traits using introgression lines in the background of a key restorer line in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Field Crops Research,2016,193:154-163.
[20]陈桂华,邓化冰,张桂莲,等.水稻茎秆性状与抗倒性的关系及配合力分析[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(3):407-417.
[21] Makanda I,Tongoona P,Derera J,et al. Combining ability and cultivar superiority of sorghum germplasm for grain yield across tropical low-and mid-altitude environments[J]. Field Crops Research,2010,116(1/2):75-85.
[22]尹学伟,王培华,张晓春,等. 14个糯高粱亲本主要农艺性状配合力及遗传力分析[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(4):1363-1368.
[23] Zeng L H,Pettigrew W T. Combining ability,heritability,and genotypic correlations for lint yield and fiber quality of Upland cotton in delayed planting[J]. Field Crops Research,2015,171:176-183.
[24]杨代刚,马雄风,周晓箭,等.陆地棉配合力与杂种优势、遗传距离的相关性分析[J].棉花学报,2012,24(3):191-198.
[25] Koscielny C B,Gardner S W,Duncan R W. Impact of high temperature on heterosis and general combining ability in spring canola(Brassica napus L.)[J]. Field Crops Research,2018,221:61-70.
[26]刘林波,孙万仓,刘自刚,等.白菜型冬油菜抗寒相关生理生化性状的配合力和遗传效应[J].中国油料作物学报,2015,37(6):772-779.
[27] El-Gabry M A H,Solieman T I H,Abido A I A. Combining ability and heritability of some tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)cultivars[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2014,167:153-157.
[28]刘仲齐,薛俊,金凤媚,等.番茄裂果与果皮结构的关系及其杂种优势表现[J].华北农学报,2007,22(3):141-147.
[29] Sibiya J,Tongoona P,Derera J,et al. Combining ability analysis for Phaeosphaeria leaf spot resistance and grain yield in tropical advanced maize inbred lines[J]. Field Crops Research,2011,120(1):86-93.
[30] Ku L X,Meng Q L,Hou B J,et al. Efficiency of recurrent selection for combining ability of yield trait in maize population Yuzong 5[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(2):215-222.
[31] Liu J,Mei D S,Li Y C,et al. Combining ability and breeding potential of rapeseed elite lines for pod shatter resistance[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2013,12(3):552-555.
[32] Li Z K,Xie Q G,Zhu Z L,et al. Analysis of plant height heterosis based on QTL mapping in wheat[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2010,36(5):771-778.
[33]孙振,莫乔程,程备久,等.玉米雄穗分枝数性状遗传、杂种优势与亲子相关分析[J].作物杂志,2012(2):31-35.
[34]史民芳,安林利,丁国庆,等.矮秆超大穗小麦亲本与多抗丰产小麦主要农艺性状的配合力评价及遗传分析[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(36):50-56.
[35] Li F M,Song X T,Wu L,et al. Heredities on fruit color and pigment content between green and purple fruits in tomato[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2018,235:391-396.
[36]兰创业.温度对大白菜胞质型雄性不育系败蕾的影响[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(12):1591-1593.
[37]兰创业.太原地区苗用型大白菜品种比较试验[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(11):1432-1433,1467.
[38]董晓飞,赵美华,赵俊.大白菜科萌78新品种的选育[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(12):1265-1266,1269.
[2] Lee H,Oh I N,Kim J,et al. Phenolic compound profiles and their seasonal variations in new red-phenotype headforming Chinese cabbages[J]. LWT,2018,90:433-439.
[3] Takahashi Y,Yokoi S,Takahata Y. Effects of genotypes and culture conditions on microspore embryogenesis and plant regeneration in several subspecies of Brassica rapa L.[J]. Plant Biotechnology Reports,2012,6(4):297-304.
[4] Zhang Y,Wang A J,Liu Y,et al. Improved production of doubled haploids in Brassica rapa through microspore culture[J]. Plant Breeding,2012,131(1):164-169.
[5] Shumilina D V,Shmykova N A,Bondareva L L,et al.Effect of genotype and medium culture content on microspore-derived embryo formation in Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis)cv. Lastochka[J]. Biology Bulletin,2015,42(4):302-309.
[6] Wang X,Li X X,Wu Q J,et al. Inheritance of resistance of Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris L.)to diamondback moth(Plutella xylostella)[J]. Acta Horticulturae,2010,867:119-126.
[7] Koo H N,Cho S R,Moon Y S,et al. Differential expression of Chinese cabbage infected by Myzus persicae and Plutella xylostella[J]. Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology,2013,16(1):103-109.
[8] Lv S W,Zhang C W,Tang J,et al. Genome-wide analysis and identification of TIR-NBS-LRR genes in Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)reveal expression patterns to Tu MV infection[J]. Physiological&Molecular Plant Pathology,2015,90:89-97.
[9] Yu Z D,Zhao S Y,He Q W. High level resistance to Turnip mosaic virus in Chinese cabbage[Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis(Lour)Olsson]transformed with the antisense NIb gene using marker-free Agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltration[J]. Plant Science,2007,172(5):920-929.
[10] Tseng M J,Liu C W,Yiu J C. Tolerance to sulfur dioxide in transgenic Chinese cabbage transformed with both the superoxide dismutase containing manganese and catalase genes of Escherichia coli[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2008,115(2):101-110.
[11] Han L W,Ge Y,Yao L,et al. Coat protein-mediated resistance to Turnip mosaic virus in Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis)by the pollen-tube pathway[J]. International Journal of Agriculture&Biology,2014,16(6):1232-1234.
[12] Kawamura K,Kawanabe T,Shimizu M,et al. Genetic distance of inbred lines of Chinese cabbage and its relationship to heterosis[J]. Plant Gene,2016,5:1-7.
[13] Kawamura K,Kawanabe T,Shimizu M,et al. Genetic characterization of inbred lines of Chinese cabbage by DNA markers;towards the application of DNA markers to breeding of F1hybrid cultivars[J]. Data in Brief,2016,6:229-237.
[14] Shen Z,Zhang K Q,Ma L Y,et al. Analysis of the genetic relationships and diversity among 11 populations of Xanthoceras sorbifolia using phenotypic and microsatellite marker data[J]. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology,2017,26:33-39.
[15] Sun R F,Niu X K. Inheritance of head weight and other agronomic characters in Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis)[J]. Acta Horticulturae,1995,402:445-449.
[16] Mistry C,Kathiria K B,Sabolu S,et al. Heritability and gene effects for yield related quantitative traits in eggplant[J]. Annals of Agricultural Sciences,2016,61(2):237-246.
[17] Murtadha M A,Ariyo O J,Alghamdi S S. Analysis of combining ability over environments in diallel crosses of maize(Zea mays)[J]. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences,2018,17(1):69-78.
[18] Bertoia L M,Aulicino M B. Maize forage aptitude:Combining ability of inbred lines and stability of hybrids[J].The Crop Journal,2014,2(6):407-418.
[19] Xiang C,Zhang H J,Wang H,et al. Dissection of combining ability for yield and related traits using introgression lines in the background of a key restorer line in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J]. Field Crops Research,2016,193:154-163.
[20]陈桂华,邓化冰,张桂莲,等.水稻茎秆性状与抗倒性的关系及配合力分析[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(3):407-417.
[21] Makanda I,Tongoona P,Derera J,et al. Combining ability and cultivar superiority of sorghum germplasm for grain yield across tropical low-and mid-altitude environments[J]. Field Crops Research,2010,116(1/2):75-85.
[22]尹学伟,王培华,张晓春,等. 14个糯高粱亲本主要农艺性状配合力及遗传力分析[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(4):1363-1368.
[23] Zeng L H,Pettigrew W T. Combining ability,heritability,and genotypic correlations for lint yield and fiber quality of Upland cotton in delayed planting[J]. Field Crops Research,2015,171:176-183.
[24]杨代刚,马雄风,周晓箭,等.陆地棉配合力与杂种优势、遗传距离的相关性分析[J].棉花学报,2012,24(3):191-198.
[25] Koscielny C B,Gardner S W,Duncan R W. Impact of high temperature on heterosis and general combining ability in spring canola(Brassica napus L.)[J]. Field Crops Research,2018,221:61-70.
[26]刘林波,孙万仓,刘自刚,等.白菜型冬油菜抗寒相关生理生化性状的配合力和遗传效应[J].中国油料作物学报,2015,37(6):772-779.
[27] El-Gabry M A H,Solieman T I H,Abido A I A. Combining ability and heritability of some tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)cultivars[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2014,167:153-157.
[28]刘仲齐,薛俊,金凤媚,等.番茄裂果与果皮结构的关系及其杂种优势表现[J].华北农学报,2007,22(3):141-147.
[29] Sibiya J,Tongoona P,Derera J,et al. Combining ability analysis for Phaeosphaeria leaf spot resistance and grain yield in tropical advanced maize inbred lines[J]. Field Crops Research,2011,120(1):86-93.
[30] Ku L X,Meng Q L,Hou B J,et al. Efficiency of recurrent selection for combining ability of yield trait in maize population Yuzong 5[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(2):215-222.
[31] Liu J,Mei D S,Li Y C,et al. Combining ability and breeding potential of rapeseed elite lines for pod shatter resistance[J]. Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2013,12(3):552-555.
[32] Li Z K,Xie Q G,Zhu Z L,et al. Analysis of plant height heterosis based on QTL mapping in wheat[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2010,36(5):771-778.
[33]孙振,莫乔程,程备久,等.玉米雄穗分枝数性状遗传、杂种优势与亲子相关分析[J].作物杂志,2012(2):31-35.
[34]史民芳,安林利,丁国庆,等.矮秆超大穗小麦亲本与多抗丰产小麦主要农艺性状的配合力评价及遗传分析[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(36):50-56.
[35] Li F M,Song X T,Wu L,et al. Heredities on fruit color and pigment content between green and purple fruits in tomato[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2018,235:391-396.
[36]兰创业.温度对大白菜胞质型雄性不育系败蕾的影响[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(12):1591-1593.
[37]兰创业.太原地区苗用型大白菜品种比较试验[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(11):1432-1433,1467.
[38]董晓飞,赵美华,赵俊.大白菜科萌78新品种的选育[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(12):1265-1266,1269.