换流站交流滤波支路断路器燃弧故障建模分析
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摘要
换流站动态无功平衡需要频繁动作断路器投切滤波支路电容器组,投切容性负荷易诱发暂态过电压,近年来已发生多起断路器击穿爆炸恶性事故。现有模型无法准确模拟断路器投切容性负荷导致的击穿燃弧过程,针对该问题,分析现场实录故障数据,发现动态燃弧电阻是准确模拟的关键因素;针对传统时变电阻模型和Mayr电弧模型以工频熄弧原理为基础的局限性,将预燃弧阶段分为起弧阶段和不完全燃弧阶段,将全熄弧阶段分为准熄弧阶段和熄弧阶段,提出基于高频熄弧过程的二次动态燃弧模型。数值仿真与换流站实测波形对比,验证所提模型的正确性;并基于此模型,对断路器击穿燃弧电压、电流和电阻的动态特性进行分析,为后续换流站交流断路器燃弧故障的识别和预警提供基础。
Circuit breaker(CB) in filter branch is switched frequently to keep balance of reactive power in HVDC(high voltage direct current) substation. The switching of CB to capacitor is easy to cause transient overvoltage, and even CB explosion accident. But the existing arc model cannot accurately simulate this dynamic arcing process in CB because they are mostly based on power frequency arc extinguishing principle. In response to this problem, dynamic arc resistance was found to be the key factor for accurate simulation firstly in paper based on analysis of real recorded data in substation, pre-arcing stage was divided into the pre-breakdown stage and incomplete arc stage,the full arc extinction stage was divided into the pre-arcing extinction stage and arc went out stage and then an improved quadratic dynamic arc model based on high frequency arc extinguishing principle was proposed. Comparison of simulation and real data verifies the accuracy of the proposed model, and then based on this model, the dynamic characteristics of CB arc breakdown voltage, current and resistance were analyzed, which provide a basis for the research of identification and early warning of arcing fault in CB.
Circuit breaker(CB) in filter branch is switched frequently to keep balance of reactive power in HVDC(high voltage direct current) substation. The switching of CB to capacitor is easy to cause transient overvoltage, and even CB explosion accident. But the existing arc model cannot accurately simulate this dynamic arcing process in CB because they are mostly based on power frequency arc extinguishing principle. In response to this problem, dynamic arc resistance was found to be the key factor for accurate simulation firstly in paper based on analysis of real recorded data in substation, pre-arcing stage was divided into the pre-breakdown stage and incomplete arc stage,the full arc extinction stage was divided into the pre-arcing extinction stage and arc went out stage and then an improved quadratic dynamic arc model based on high frequency arc extinguishing principle was proposed. Comparison of simulation and real data verifies the accuracy of the proposed model, and then based on this model, the dynamic characteristics of CB arc breakdown voltage, current and resistance were analyzed, which provide a basis for the research of identification and early warning of arcing fault in CB.
引文
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[15]邵冲,杨钰,王赞基.GIS开关电弧建模及其对VFTO波形的影响[J].电网技术,2010,24(7):200-205.Shao Chong,Yang Yu,Wang Zanji.Modeling of GIS switching arc and its effect on VFTO waveforms[J].Power System Technology,2010,24(7):200-205(in Chinese).
[16]申笑林,马为民,白光亚,等.特高压换流站800k V交流滤波器小组断路器容性恢复电压仿真[J].电力建设,2015,36(9):73-77.Shen Xiaolin,Ma Weimin,Bai Guangya,et al.Simulation and investigation on capacitive recovery voltage of 800k V AC filter sub-bank circuit breaker in UHVDC converter station[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(9):73-77(in Chinese).
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[18]Walter M,Franck C.Improved method for direct black-box arc parameter determination and model validation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(2):580-588.
[19]Khakpour A,Franke S,Uhrlandt D,et al.Electrical arc model based on physical parameters and power calculation[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2015,43(8):2721-2729.
[20]颜湘莲,陈维江,李志兵,等.输电线路潜供电弧自熄特性仿真[J].高电压技术,2012,38(10):2735-2741.Yan Xianglian,Chen Weijiang,Li Zhibing,et al.Simulation for self-extinction behavior of secondary arc in transmission lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(10):2735-2741(in Chinese).
[21]王倩,谭王景,叶赞,等.基于ATP-EMTP的电弧接地故障的建模及仿真[J].电网与清洁能源,2015,31(1):16-21.Wang Qian,Tan Wangjing,Ye Zan,et al.Modeling and simulating of arc grounding fault based on ATP-EMTP[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2015,31(1):16-21(in Chinese).
[22]许晔,郭谋发,陈彬,等.配电网单相接地电弧建模及仿真分析研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(7):57-64.Xu Ye,Guo Moufa,Chen Bin,et al.Modeling and simulation analysis of arc in distribution network[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(7):57-64(in Chinese).
[23]范李平,袁兆强,张凯.基于小波变换的单相接地故障电弧模型及其PSCAD/EMTDC仿真研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(5):51-56.Fan Liping,Yuan Zhaoqiang,Zhang Kai.Simulation on arc model of single phase earth fault and PSCAD/EMTDC based on wavelet transformation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(5):51-56(in Chinese).
[2]Basu K,Sahoo A K,Chandrasekaran V,et al.Grid-side AC line filter design of a current source rectifier with analytical estimation of input current ripple[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(12):6394-6405.
[3]吴娅妮,蒋卫平,王华伟,等.500k V交流线路断路器短路电流延时过零现象研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(1):195-200.Wu Yani,Jiang Weiping,Wang Huawei,et al.Research on zero offset of short circuit current occurred in circuit breaker for 500k V AC transmission line[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(1):195-200(in Chinese).
[4]李建勋,吴贻志,李豹.交流滤波器C1电容器保护配合策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(4):139-144.Li Jianxun,Wu Yizhi,Li Bao.Study on the coordination strategy of the C1 capacitor protection of AC filter[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(4):139-144(in Chinese).
[5]段涛,张智勇,李德建,等.?500k V换流站交流滤波器组不平衡电流调整新策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(6):135-139,143.Duan Tao,Zhang Zhiyong,Li Dejian,et al.The new unbalanced current adjusting strategy of AC filter in?500k V converter station[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(6):135-139,143(in Chinese).
[6]焦在滨,金吉良,行武,等.交直流混联电网自适应交流过电压保护方案的研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(8):2541-2547.Jiao Zaibin,Jin Jiliang,Xing Wu,et al.Research of new scheme of adaptive overvoltage protection in hybrid AC/DC grid[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(8):2541-2547(in Chinese).
[7]方冰,关永刚,申笑林.特高压换流站交流滤波器断路器恢复电压特性研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(8):1-7.Fang Bing,Guan Yonggang,Shen Xiaolin.Study on voltage recovery characteristics of AC filter breaker in UHV converter station[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(8):1-7(in Chinese).
[8]郭婷,周文俊,黄海鲲,等.多间隙灭弧结构熄灭工频电弧的仿真与试验[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(10):2853-2861.Guo Ting,Zhou Wenjun,Huang Haikun,et al.Simulation and experiment on arc quenching structure with multi-gaps to quench the power frequency arc[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(10):2853-2861(in Chinese).
[9]王宾,耿建昭,董新洲.基于介质击穿原理的配电线路高阻接地故障精确建模[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(22):62-66,106.Wang Bin,Geng Jianzhao,Dong Xinzhou.High impedance fault modeling based on solid dielectric electrical breakdown theory[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(12):62-66,106(in Chinese).
[10]Khakpour A,Franke S,Gortschakow S,et al.An improved arc model based on the arc diameter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2016,31(3):1335-1341.
[11]季良,陈德桂,刘颖异,等.利用电弧动态数学模型的低压断路器开断过程仿真分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(21):107-113.Ji Liang,Chen Degui,Liu Yingyi,et al.Simulation of the interruption process of low voltage circuit breaker using dynamic mathematic arc model[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(21):107-113(in Chinese).
[12]孟涛,林莘,徐建源.分段电弧模型下VFTO的计算与分析[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(9):69-73.Meng Tao,Lin Xin,Xu Jianyuan.Calculation of very fast transient over-voltage on the condition of segmental arcing model[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(9):69-73(in Chinese).
[13]林莘,王娜,徐建源.动态电弧模型下特快速瞬态过电压特性的计算与分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(16):157-164.Lin Xin,Wang Na,Xu Jianyuan.Calculation and analysis of very fast transient over-voltage characteristic on the condition of dynamic arcing model[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(16):157-164(in Chinese).
[14]Zhan Huamao,Duan Shaofeng,Li Chengrong,et al.A novel arc model for very fast transient overvoltage simulation in a 252-k V gas-insulated switchgear[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2014,42(10):3423-3429.
[15]邵冲,杨钰,王赞基.GIS开关电弧建模及其对VFTO波形的影响[J].电网技术,2010,24(7):200-205.Shao Chong,Yang Yu,Wang Zanji.Modeling of GIS switching arc and its effect on VFTO waveforms[J].Power System Technology,2010,24(7):200-205(in Chinese).
[16]申笑林,马为民,白光亚,等.特高压换流站800k V交流滤波器小组断路器容性恢复电压仿真[J].电力建设,2015,36(9):73-77.Shen Xiaolin,Ma Weimin,Bai Guangya,et al.Simulation and investigation on capacitive recovery voltage of 800k V AC filter sub-bank circuit breaker in UHVDC converter station[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(9):73-77(in Chinese).
[17]郑记玲.252KV GIS中隔离开关电弧模型的研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2012.Zheng Jiling.The research on the arc model for disconnectors in 252KV GIS[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2012(in Chinese).
[18]Walter M,Franck C.Improved method for direct black-box arc parameter determination and model validation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(2):580-588.
[19]Khakpour A,Franke S,Uhrlandt D,et al.Electrical arc model based on physical parameters and power calculation[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2015,43(8):2721-2729.
[20]颜湘莲,陈维江,李志兵,等.输电线路潜供电弧自熄特性仿真[J].高电压技术,2012,38(10):2735-2741.Yan Xianglian,Chen Weijiang,Li Zhibing,et al.Simulation for self-extinction behavior of secondary arc in transmission lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(10):2735-2741(in Chinese).
[21]王倩,谭王景,叶赞,等.基于ATP-EMTP的电弧接地故障的建模及仿真[J].电网与清洁能源,2015,31(1):16-21.Wang Qian,Tan Wangjing,Ye Zan,et al.Modeling and simulating of arc grounding fault based on ATP-EMTP[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2015,31(1):16-21(in Chinese).
[22]许晔,郭谋发,陈彬,等.配电网单相接地电弧建模及仿真分析研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(7):57-64.Xu Ye,Guo Moufa,Chen Bin,et al.Modeling and simulation analysis of arc in distribution network[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(7):57-64(in Chinese).
[23]范李平,袁兆强,张凯.基于小波变换的单相接地故障电弧模型及其PSCAD/EMTDC仿真研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2011,39(5):51-56.Fan Liping,Yuan Zhaoqiang,Zhang Kai.Simulation on arc model of single phase earth fault and PSCAD/EMTDC based on wavelet transformation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2011,39(5):51-56(in Chinese).