黄壤旱地施用生物质炭对白菜养分吸收及品质的影响
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摘要
通过盆栽试验及大田试验对黄壤旱地施用不同比例的生物质炭,探讨施用生物质炭对白菜养分吸收及品质的影响。结果表明:黄泥土、黄砂土施用5%～15%生物质炭能明显的提高白菜产量,白菜植株中N、P、K含量出现不同程度的增加,其增幅的大小顺序为P>K>N;而且白菜植株中Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B含量也出现不同程度的提高,白菜产量与植株Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量存在极显著的正相关。黄泥土、黄砂土施5%～15%生物质炭后白菜植株中可溶性固形物、水溶性总糖含量出现不同程度的提高,而维生素C、硝酸盐含量出现不同程度的下降;可溶性固形物、水溶性总糖、维生素C含量与Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量存在显著性负相关,硝酸盐含量则与N、K含量存在极显著的负相关。黄壤旱地施用生物质炭能明显促进白菜对养分的吸收,有利于提高白菜水溶性总糖的含量以及降低硝酸盐的含量。
The pot experiment and field experiment were carried out to explore the effects of different proportions of biochar on the growth,nutrient uptake and quality of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that the application of 5%～15% biochar in yellow soil and yellow sand soil could significantly increase the yield of Chinese cabbage. The contents of N,P and K in Chinese cabbage plants increased with the increasing biochar in soil,and the growth rate of contents was P>K>N. In addition,the contents of Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn and B in Chinese cabbage plants increased to same extent after treated with biochar. There was a significant positive correlation between the yield of Chinese cabbage and the contents of Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn. The content of soluble solids and soluble sugar in cabbage plants increased significantly after applying 5%～15% biochar to yellow soil and yellow sand soil,while the content of vitamin C and nitrate decreased significantly. The contents of soluble solids,soluble sugar and vitamin C in Chinese cabbage plants were significantly negatively correlated with the contents of Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn,and there was a significant negative correlation between nitrate content and N and K contents. The application of biomass charcoal in the dryland of yellow soil can significantly promote the absorption of nutrients in Chinese cabbage,and also increases the content of soluble sugar and reduce the content of nitrate.
The pot experiment and field experiment were carried out to explore the effects of different proportions of biochar on the growth,nutrient uptake and quality of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that the application of 5%～15% biochar in yellow soil and yellow sand soil could significantly increase the yield of Chinese cabbage. The contents of N,P and K in Chinese cabbage plants increased with the increasing biochar in soil,and the growth rate of contents was P>K>N. In addition,the contents of Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn and B in Chinese cabbage plants increased to same extent after treated with biochar. There was a significant positive correlation between the yield of Chinese cabbage and the contents of Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn. The content of soluble solids and soluble sugar in cabbage plants increased significantly after applying 5%～15% biochar to yellow soil and yellow sand soil,while the content of vitamin C and nitrate decreased significantly. The contents of soluble solids,soluble sugar and vitamin C in Chinese cabbage plants were significantly negatively correlated with the contents of Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn,and there was a significant negative correlation between nitrate content and N and K contents. The application of biomass charcoal in the dryland of yellow soil can significantly promote the absorption of nutrients in Chinese cabbage,and also increases the content of soluble sugar and reduce the content of nitrate.
引文
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[8] 王冬冬,徐琪,杨洋,等.基施生物质炭对菜用大豆植株营养吸收及土壤养分供应初报[J].大豆科学,2013,32(1) :72-75.
[9] 李冬,陈蕾,夏阳,等.生物炭改良剂对小白菜生长及低质土壤氮磷利用的影响[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(9):2384-2391.
[10] 周加顺,郑金伟,池忠志,等.施用生物质炭对作物产量和氮、磷、钾养分吸收的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39( 5) :791-799.
[11] 李淑仪,郑惠典,廖新荣,等.施用中量微量元素对小白菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2004,13(3):441-444.
[12] 张万杰,李志芳,张庆忠,等.生物质炭和氮肥配施对菠菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(10) :1946-1952.
[13] 韩召强,陈效民,曲成闯,等.生物质炭施用对潮土理化性状、酶活性及黄瓜产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):272-278.
[14] 翟勇,苏倩,许文霞,等.不同施磷水平下生物质炭用量对土壤磷素状况及棉花养分吸收的影响[J].土壤通报,2014,45(6):1464-1470.
[15] 贾茹,张迪,马晓东,等.商品有机肥与无机肥料配施对白菜养分吸收、钙含量和产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2015,(20):151-155.
[16] 黄娴,张兴伟,王震洪,添加生物炭对黄壤种植油用牡丹生长的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2018,37(2):74-79.
[2] 刘晓雨,刘成,王贺东,等.添加生物质炭不同组分对不结球白菜产量和品质的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2018,41( 6) :1070-1077.
[3] 刘玉学,王耀锋,吕豪豪,等.不同稻秆炭和竹炭施用水平对小青菜产量、品质以及土壤理化性质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1438-1444.
[4] 杨冬艳,王学梅,冯海萍,等.生物质碳对设施西芹根际微生物及土壤酶活性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(1):82-87.
[5] 张登晓,周惠民,潘根兴,等.城市园林废弃物生物质炭对小白菜生长、硝酸盐含量及氮素利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1569-1576.
[6] 俞映倞,薛利红,杨林章,等.生物炭添加对酸化土壤中小白菜氮素利用的影响[J].土壤学报,2015,52(4):759-767.
[7] 孙雪,刘琪琪,郭虎,等.猪粪生物质炭对土壤肥效及小白菜生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(9):1756-1763.
[8] 王冬冬,徐琪,杨洋,等.基施生物质炭对菜用大豆植株营养吸收及土壤养分供应初报[J].大豆科学,2013,32(1) :72-75.
[9] 李冬,陈蕾,夏阳,等.生物炭改良剂对小白菜生长及低质土壤氮磷利用的影响[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(9):2384-2391.
[10] 周加顺,郑金伟,池忠志,等.施用生物质炭对作物产量和氮、磷、钾养分吸收的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39( 5) :791-799.
[11] 李淑仪,郑惠典,廖新荣,等.施用中量微量元素对小白菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2004,13(3):441-444.
[12] 张万杰,李志芳,张庆忠,等.生物质炭和氮肥配施对菠菜产量和硝酸盐含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(10) :1946-1952.
[13] 韩召强,陈效民,曲成闯,等.生物质炭施用对潮土理化性状、酶活性及黄瓜产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(6):272-278.
[14] 翟勇,苏倩,许文霞,等.不同施磷水平下生物质炭用量对土壤磷素状况及棉花养分吸收的影响[J].土壤通报,2014,45(6):1464-1470.
[15] 贾茹,张迪,马晓东,等.商品有机肥与无机肥料配施对白菜养分吸收、钙含量和产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2015,(20):151-155.
[16] 黄娴,张兴伟,王震洪,添加生物炭对黄壤种植油用牡丹生长的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2018,37(2):74-79.