明代西湖的景观文化:明代公共工程背景下西湖园林发展
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摘要
杭州西湖是中国艺术史上最重要的地点之一,然而在西方语言中并没有专门对其明代状况的研究。明代300年的统治对西湖的发展是至关重要的,16世纪初因扩张的农耕导致西湖空间几近消失,而至16世纪末西湖则是明代最主要的旅游景点之一。以景观文化的新的跨学科方法角度,探讨导致这种巨大变化的社会和审美进程;并将展示在这些进程中,美学、历史认同和经济发展如何扮演着不同角色,而且并不总是和谐一致。
Hangzhou West Lake is one of the most important places in the history of Chinese art. However, there is no specific study on it in Ming Dynasty in Western literatures. The 300-year rule of Ming Dynasty was crucial to the development of the West Lake. At the beginning of the 16 th century, the West Lake space almost disappeared due to the expansion of farming. By the end of the 16 th century, the West Lake was one of the most important tourist attractions of Ming Dynasty. The paper explores the social and aesthetic processes that led to this dramatic change from the perspective of a new interdisciplinary approach to landscape culture, and shows how aesthetics, historical identity, and economic development played different roles in these processes that were not always harmonious or consistent.
Hangzhou West Lake is one of the most important places in the history of Chinese art. However, there is no specific study on it in Ming Dynasty in Western literatures. The 300-year rule of Ming Dynasty was crucial to the development of the West Lake. At the beginning of the 16 th century, the West Lake space almost disappeared due to the expansion of farming. By the end of the 16 th century, the West Lake was one of the most important tourist attractions of Ming Dynasty. The paper explores the social and aesthetic processes that led to this dramatic change from the perspective of a new interdisciplinary approach to landscape culture, and shows how aesthetics, historical identity, and economic development played different roles in these processes that were not always harmonious or consistent.
引文
[1]Berque A.La pensée Paysagére[M].Paris:Archibooks+Sautereau éditeur,2009.
[2]Maderuelo J.El paisaje génesis de un concepto[M].Madrid:Abada,2005.
[3]田汝成.西湖游览志[M].北京:东方出版社,2012:4;26.
[4]Gil J.El libro de Marco Polo,anotadoporCristóbal Colon,El libro de Marco Polo de Rodrigo de Santael a[M].Madrid:Alianza Editorial,1987:122-123.
[5]Cheung D.A socio-cultural history of sites in Ming Hangzhou[D].Vancouver:The University of British Columbia,2011:237-260.
[6]杨孟瑛.浚复西湖[M]//王国平.西湖文献集成·第3册·明代史志西湖文献.杭州:杭州出版社,2004:802-998.
[7]Wang L P.Paradise for sale:Urban Space and Tourism in the Social Transformation of Hangzhou,1589-1937[D].California:University of California,1997:37-40.
[8]许冰彬.明代苏杭织造太监孙隆考略[J].湖南科技学院学报,2013,34(1):57-63.
[9]顾凯.明代江南园林研究[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2010:158.
[10]刘源源.随身的乐园:晚明文人冯梦祯的园林世界[J].中国园林,2015,31(11):90-93.
[11]Shuen-fu.The transformation of the Chinese Lyrical Tradition:Chiang K′uei and the Southern Sung Tz′u Poetry[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,1978.
[12]Basmarjian P."Where Lies Intention,So Lies the Garden":Wang Ruqian's Pleasure Boat'Gardens'and Perspectives on Space in the Late Ming[D].California:University of California,2013.
[13]Eichman J.A late sixteenth-century Chinese Buddhist fellowship:spiritual ambitions,intellectual debates,and epistolary connections[M].Boston:Bril,2016:170-185.
[14]张岱.湖心亭[M]//张成德.中国游记散文大系·浙江卷(上).上海:书海出版社,2002:186-187.
[15]洪尚之.西湖胜迹[M].上海:浙江摄影出版社,1997:40.
[16]张岱.西湖梦寻[M]//王国平.西湖文献集成·第3册·明代史志西湖文献.杭州:杭州出版社,2004:838-956.
[17]Mezcua L,Antonio J.Cursed sculptures,forgotten rocks:the history of Hangzhou's Feilaifeng hill[J].History of Gardens&Designed Landscapes:An International Quarterly,2017,37(1):33-76.
(1)实际上白居易所做的是修缮建于唐初的旧堤。
(2)杨孟瑛改革的更多信息请参阅参考文献[5]:223-260。
(3)该湖曾几次干涸。
[2]Maderuelo J.El paisaje génesis de un concepto[M].Madrid:Abada,2005.
[3]田汝成.西湖游览志[M].北京:东方出版社,2012:4;26.
[4]Gil J.El libro de Marco Polo,anotadoporCristóbal Colon,El libro de Marco Polo de Rodrigo de Santael a[M].Madrid:Alianza Editorial,1987:122-123.
[5]Cheung D.A socio-cultural history of sites in Ming Hangzhou[D].Vancouver:The University of British Columbia,2011:237-260.
[6]杨孟瑛.浚复西湖[M]//王国平.西湖文献集成·第3册·明代史志西湖文献.杭州:杭州出版社,2004:802-998.
[7]Wang L P.Paradise for sale:Urban Space and Tourism in the Social Transformation of Hangzhou,1589-1937[D].California:University of California,1997:37-40.
[8]许冰彬.明代苏杭织造太监孙隆考略[J].湖南科技学院学报,2013,34(1):57-63.
[9]顾凯.明代江南园林研究[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2010:158.
[10]刘源源.随身的乐园:晚明文人冯梦祯的园林世界[J].中国园林,2015,31(11):90-93.
[11]Shuen-fu.The transformation of the Chinese Lyrical Tradition:Chiang K′uei and the Southern Sung Tz′u Poetry[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,1978.
[12]Basmarjian P."Where Lies Intention,So Lies the Garden":Wang Ruqian's Pleasure Boat'Gardens'and Perspectives on Space in the Late Ming[D].California:University of California,2013.
[13]Eichman J.A late sixteenth-century Chinese Buddhist fellowship:spiritual ambitions,intellectual debates,and epistolary connections[M].Boston:Bril,2016:170-185.
[14]张岱.湖心亭[M]//张成德.中国游记散文大系·浙江卷(上).上海:书海出版社,2002:186-187.
[15]洪尚之.西湖胜迹[M].上海:浙江摄影出版社,1997:40.
[16]张岱.西湖梦寻[M]//王国平.西湖文献集成·第3册·明代史志西湖文献.杭州:杭州出版社,2004:838-956.
[17]Mezcua L,Antonio J.Cursed sculptures,forgotten rocks:the history of Hangzhou's Feilaifeng hill[J].History of Gardens&Designed Landscapes:An International Quarterly,2017,37(1):33-76.
(1)实际上白居易所做的是修缮建于唐初的旧堤。
(2)杨孟瑛改革的更多信息请参阅参考文献[5]:223-260。
(3)该湖曾几次干涸。