树脂老化时间及硅烷偶联剂对金属托槽粘结强度的影响
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摘要
目的:探讨临床上常用的光固化树脂固化后的不同老化时间和硅烷偶联剂对树脂与金属托槽之间粘结强度的影响,为临床上树脂的应用提供参考。方法:制作20个自凝塑料长方块,在每个长方块表面制备5个树脂表面,即100个光固化树脂测试试件;另制备5个自凝塑料长方块,每个长方块各制备1个树脂表面,即5个扫描电镜观察试件;共计105个树脂面。以松风Super snap抛光碟抛光处理后,将待测试的20个长方块随机分为5组,在人工唾液中按照老化时间的不同,以恒温水浴法(37℃)对固化后树脂试件进行老化处理,分为即刻粘结组(A组)、老化1h组(B组)、老化1d组(C组)、老化1周组(D组)和老化1个月组(E组),每个粘结组按照不同的表面处理方式分为2个表面处理组,即33%磷酸酸蚀后涂布硅烷偶联剂处理组(硅烷偶联剂处理组,A1、B1、C1、D1和E1组)和33%磷酸处理组(磷酸处理组,A2、B2、C2、D2和E2组),以3M化学固化粘结剂将树脂试件与托槽粘结,固化4min后,将试件置于装有37℃人工唾液中24h。以万能力学实验机测定各组老化树脂与金属托槽之间的抗剪切强度,记录去粘结后树脂表面的粘结剂残留指数(ARI)。5个观察试件未做表面处理,以扫描电子显微镜观察表面微观结构。结果:硅烷偶联剂处理组(A1、B1、C1、D1和E1组)间抗剪切强度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两两比较,A1组平均抗剪切强度最高,B1组和D1组分别高于C1和E1组(P<0.01),其余各组抗剪切强度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组抗剪切强度均高于临床正畸治疗所需粘结强度。磷酸处理组(A2、B2、C2、D2和E2组)间的抗剪切强度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),仅A2组达临床正畸治疗所需抗剪切强度;两两比较,A2组平均抗剪切强度高于C2组(P<0.05),其余各组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各硅烷偶联剂组的树脂抗剪切强度均大于相同老化时间磷酸处理组(P<0.01)。硅烷偶联剂处理组和磷酸处理组树脂表面ARI计分组内比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),相同老化时间组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。扫描电镜观察,随着老化时间的延长,树脂表面填料分布逐渐不均匀。结论:复合树脂固化后即刻粘结托槽可达临床正畸治疗所需的抗剪切强度。硅烷偶联剂可提高老化树脂表面的粘结强度达到临床正畸治疗需要。
Objective:To explore the effects of the different aging time of cured composite resin commonly used in clinic and the silane coupling agent on the bonding strength of metal brackets,and to provide reference for its clinical application.Methods:A total of 20 cuboids were made with denture resin,and 5 resin surfaces were prepared on each cuboid,then 100 specimens of resin for test were obtained.Another 5 cuboids with only one surface were prepared for observation by scanning electron microscope,and the amount of the resin surfaces was105.After the surfaces were polished with Super-snap discs,the samples were randomly divided into 5 groups;according to different aging time,all of specimens were aged by the method of constant temperature water bath(37 ℃)in the artificial saliva,and five groups included instant adhesive group(A group),aged 1 h group(B group),aged 1 dgroup(C group),aged 1 week group(D group),aged 1 month group(E group);according to the different surface treatment methods,each bonding group was divided into two groups:coating treatment with silane coupling agent after treated by 33% phosphoric acid group(A1,B1,C1,D1 and E1 groups)and 33%phosphoric acid treatment group(A2,B2,C2,D2 and E2 groups).The specimens were bonded with the metal brackets via 3 Mchemical cured adhesive,after 4 min solidification,the specimens were put into the artificial saliva and store for 24 hunder the temperature of 37℃.The universal mechanical testing machine was used to test the shear bond strengths between the aged composite resins and the brackets,then the adhesive remnant index(ARI)of each test composite resin surface was recorded.Five observation resin surfaces were not treated and the microstructures of different aged composite resin were observed by scanning electron microscope.Results:The shear bond strengths had significant differences between various coating silane coupling agent treatment groups(A1,B1,C1,D1 and E1 groups)(P<0.01);the results of comparison between each two groups showed that the average shear bond strength in A1 group was the highest;the average shear bond strengths in B1 and D1 groups were higher than those in C1 and E1 groups(P<0.01);there were no significantly statistical differences in the average shear bond strengths between other groups(P>0.05);all the shear bond strengths in various groups were higher than the bond strength required in clinic.There were no significantly statistical differences in the shear bond strengths between various phosphoric acid treatment groups(A2,B2,C2,D2 and E2 groups)(P>0.05);only the shear bond strength in A2 group reached the shear bond strength required in clinic;the results of the comparison between each two groups showed that the mean shear bond strength in A2 group was higher than that in C2 group(P<0.05),there were no significantly statistical differences between other groups(P>0.05).There were no statistical differences in ARI of each composite resin surface between silane coupling agent treatment group and phosphoric acid treatment(P>0.05);there were signifieant differences in ARI between groups with the same aging time(P<0.05).The scanning electron microscope results showed that the distribution was nonuniform gradually with the prolongation of time.Conclusion: When the composite resin is instantly bonded with the brackets,the shear bond strength can reach the level in clinic.Sliane coupling agent can increase the bonding strength of aged composite resin to the level required in clinical orthodontic.
Objective:To explore the effects of the different aging time of cured composite resin commonly used in clinic and the silane coupling agent on the bonding strength of metal brackets,and to provide reference for its clinical application.Methods:A total of 20 cuboids were made with denture resin,and 5 resin surfaces were prepared on each cuboid,then 100 specimens of resin for test were obtained.Another 5 cuboids with only one surface were prepared for observation by scanning electron microscope,and the amount of the resin surfaces was105.After the surfaces were polished with Super-snap discs,the samples were randomly divided into 5 groups;according to different aging time,all of specimens were aged by the method of constant temperature water bath(37 ℃)in the artificial saliva,and five groups included instant adhesive group(A group),aged 1 h group(B group),aged 1 dgroup(C group),aged 1 week group(D group),aged 1 month group(E group);according to the different surface treatment methods,each bonding group was divided into two groups:coating treatment with silane coupling agent after treated by 33% phosphoric acid group(A1,B1,C1,D1 and E1 groups)and 33%phosphoric acid treatment group(A2,B2,C2,D2 and E2 groups).The specimens were bonded with the metal brackets via 3 Mchemical cured adhesive,after 4 min solidification,the specimens were put into the artificial saliva and store for 24 hunder the temperature of 37℃.The universal mechanical testing machine was used to test the shear bond strengths between the aged composite resins and the brackets,then the adhesive remnant index(ARI)of each test composite resin surface was recorded.Five observation resin surfaces were not treated and the microstructures of different aged composite resin were observed by scanning electron microscope.Results:The shear bond strengths had significant differences between various coating silane coupling agent treatment groups(A1,B1,C1,D1 and E1 groups)(P<0.01);the results of comparison between each two groups showed that the average shear bond strength in A1 group was the highest;the average shear bond strengths in B1 and D1 groups were higher than those in C1 and E1 groups(P<0.01);there were no significantly statistical differences in the average shear bond strengths between other groups(P>0.05);all the shear bond strengths in various groups were higher than the bond strength required in clinic.There were no significantly statistical differences in the shear bond strengths between various phosphoric acid treatment groups(A2,B2,C2,D2 and E2 groups)(P>0.05);only the shear bond strength in A2 group reached the shear bond strength required in clinic;the results of the comparison between each two groups showed that the mean shear bond strength in A2 group was higher than that in C2 group(P<0.05),there were no significantly statistical differences between other groups(P>0.05).There were no statistical differences in ARI of each composite resin surface between silane coupling agent treatment group and phosphoric acid treatment(P>0.05);there were signifieant differences in ARI between groups with the same aging time(P<0.05).The scanning electron microscope results showed that the distribution was nonuniform gradually with the prolongation of time.Conclusion: When the composite resin is instantly bonded with the brackets,the shear bond strength can reach the level in clinic.Sliane coupling agent can increase the bonding strength of aged composite resin to the level required in clinical orthodontic.
引文
[1]郑慧霞,刘丽.Bis-GMA基复合树脂单体释放的研究进展[J].口腔材料器械杂志,2014,23(4):213-217.
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[4]范存晖.金属托槽与瓷、光固化复合树脂粘结抗剪切强度的实验研究[D].青岛:青岛大学,2002.
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[6]Chunhacheevachaloke E,Tyas MJ.Shear bond strength of ceramic brackets to resin-composite surfaces[J].Austr Orthodont J,1997,15(1):10-15.
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[8]Burgers R,Rosentritt M,Handel G.Bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to provisional fixed prosthodontic material[J].J Prosthet Dent,2007,98(6):461-469.
[9]Santerre JP,Shajii L,Leung BW.Relation of dental composite formulations to their degradation and the release of hydrolyzed polymeric-resin-derived products[J].Crit Rev Oral Biol Med,2001,12(2):136-151.
[10]Mizrahi B.A technique for simple and aesthetic treatment of anterior toothwear[J].Dent Update,2004,31(2):109-114.
[11]Reynolds IR.A review of direct orthodontic bonding[J].Br J Orthodont,2016,2(3):171-178.
[12]Pape PG,Plueddemann EP.Methods for improving the performance of silane coupling agents[J].J Adhesion Sci Technol,1991,5(10):831-842.
[13]Yoshida K,Kamada K,Atsuta M.Effects of two silane coupling agents,a bonding agent,and thermal cycling on the bond strength of a CAD/CAM composite material cemented with two resin luting agents[J].J Prosthet Dent,2001,85(2):184-189.
[14]Matinlinna JP,Lung C,Tsoi J.Silane adhesion mechanism in dental applications and surface treatments:A review[J].Dent Mater,2018,34(1):13-28.
[15]Oliveira JCD,Aiello G,Mendes B,et al.Effect of storage in water and thermocycling on hardness and roughness of resin materials for temporary restorations[J].Mater Res,2010,13(3):355-359.
[16]Brendeke J,Ozcan M.Effect of physicochemical aging conditions on the composite-composite repair bond strength[J].J Adhes Dent,2007,9(4):399-406.
[17]Alasmar AA,Hatamleh KS,Hatamleh M,et al.Evaluating various preparation protocols on the shear bond strength of repaired composite[J].J Contemp Dent Pract,2017,18(3):182-187.
[18]Dos Santos PH,Catelan A,Albuquerque Guedes AP,et al.Effect of thermocycling on roughness of nanofill,microfill and microhybrid composites[J].Acta Odontol Scand,2015,73(3):176-181.
[19]蒋红,吕达,刘开蕾,等.温度循环老化实验对不同复合树脂抛光面粗糙度的影响[J].临床口腔医学杂志,2014,30(8):463-465.
[20]Kitchens CA,Yates JL,Hembree JH Jr,et al.Repairability of composite resin systems[J].J Pedod,1978,2(4):290-295.
[2]Dall’oca S,Papacchini F,Radovic I,et al.Repair potential of a laboratory-processed nano-hybrid resin composite[J].J Oral Sci,2008,50(4):403-412.
[3]Kao EC,Eliades T,Rezvan E,et al.Torsional bond strength and failure pattern of ceramic brackets bonded to composite resin laminate veneers[J].Eur J Orthodont,1995,17(6):533-540.
[4]范存晖.金属托槽与瓷、光固化复合树脂粘结抗剪切强度的实验研究[D].青岛:青岛大学,2002.
[5]Artun J,Zachrisson B.Improving the handling properties of a composite resin for direct bonding[J].Am J Orthod,1982,81(4):269-276.
[6]Chunhacheevachaloke E,Tyas MJ.Shear bond strength of ceramic brackets to resin-composite surfaces[J].Austr Orthodont J,1997,15(1):10-15.
[7]Bollen CM,Lambrechts P,Quirynen M.Comparison of surface roughness of oral hard materials to the threshold surface roughness for bacterial plaque retention:a review of the literature[J].Dent Mater,1997,13(4):258-269.
[8]Burgers R,Rosentritt M,Handel G.Bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to provisional fixed prosthodontic material[J].J Prosthet Dent,2007,98(6):461-469.
[9]Santerre JP,Shajii L,Leung BW.Relation of dental composite formulations to their degradation and the release of hydrolyzed polymeric-resin-derived products[J].Crit Rev Oral Biol Med,2001,12(2):136-151.
[10]Mizrahi B.A technique for simple and aesthetic treatment of anterior toothwear[J].Dent Update,2004,31(2):109-114.
[11]Reynolds IR.A review of direct orthodontic bonding[J].Br J Orthodont,2016,2(3):171-178.
[12]Pape PG,Plueddemann EP.Methods for improving the performance of silane coupling agents[J].J Adhesion Sci Technol,1991,5(10):831-842.
[13]Yoshida K,Kamada K,Atsuta M.Effects of two silane coupling agents,a bonding agent,and thermal cycling on the bond strength of a CAD/CAM composite material cemented with two resin luting agents[J].J Prosthet Dent,2001,85(2):184-189.
[14]Matinlinna JP,Lung C,Tsoi J.Silane adhesion mechanism in dental applications and surface treatments:A review[J].Dent Mater,2018,34(1):13-28.
[15]Oliveira JCD,Aiello G,Mendes B,et al.Effect of storage in water and thermocycling on hardness and roughness of resin materials for temporary restorations[J].Mater Res,2010,13(3):355-359.
[16]Brendeke J,Ozcan M.Effect of physicochemical aging conditions on the composite-composite repair bond strength[J].J Adhes Dent,2007,9(4):399-406.
[17]Alasmar AA,Hatamleh KS,Hatamleh M,et al.Evaluating various preparation protocols on the shear bond strength of repaired composite[J].J Contemp Dent Pract,2017,18(3):182-187.
[18]Dos Santos PH,Catelan A,Albuquerque Guedes AP,et al.Effect of thermocycling on roughness of nanofill,microfill and microhybrid composites[J].Acta Odontol Scand,2015,73(3):176-181.
[19]蒋红,吕达,刘开蕾,等.温度循环老化实验对不同复合树脂抛光面粗糙度的影响[J].临床口腔医学杂志,2014,30(8):463-465.
[20]Kitchens CA,Yates JL,Hembree JH Jr,et al.Repairability of composite resin systems[J].J Pedod,1978,2(4):290-295.