激光熔覆Al_2O_3/Fe901复合涂层的强化机制及耐磨性
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摘要
为提高金属材料表面涂层的耐磨性,采用激光熔覆工艺制备了Al_2O_3增强Fe901金属陶瓷复合涂层,研究了Al_2O_3陶瓷增强相对Fe基熔覆层组织与性能的影响。利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪检测了复合涂层的微观组织和物相;采用显微硬度仪和摩擦磨损试验机分析了复合涂层的显微硬度与耐磨性。结果表明:Fe901涂层的组织以柱状枝晶和等轴枝晶为主,添加的Al_2O_3可促使涂层组织转变为均匀的白色网状晶间组织及其包裹的细小黑色晶粒;复合涂层中的Al_2O_3陶瓷颗粒表面发生微熔,与Fe、Cr结合生成Fe3Al及(Al,Fe)4Cr金属间化合物,起到增加Al_2O_3陶瓷颗粒与金属黏结相结合强度的作用;当Al_2O_3陶瓷颗粒的质量分数为10%时,复合涂层的显微硬度较Fe901涂层增加了16.4%,复合涂层的摩擦磨损质量损失较Fe901涂层降低了50%;添加适量的Al_2O_3陶瓷有助于提高涂层的显微硬度及耐磨性。
Al_2O_3-reinforced Fe901 metal-ceramic composite coatings were prepared by laser cladding to improve the wear resistance of surface coating of metal materials.This study investigated the effect of Al_2O_3-reinforced phase on the microstructure and properties of a Fe-based cladding layer.The microstructural evolution,phase compositions,wear resistance,and microhardness of the composite coatings were studied using scanning electron microscopy,Xray diffraction,friction and wear tester,as well as microhardness tester,respectively.The results show that the microstructure of the Fe901 coating was dominated by columnar and equiaxed dendrites.In addition,the addition of Al_2O_3 promoted the transformation of microstructure into a uniformly distributed white network-like intergranular structure with wrapped fine black grains.The surface of Al_2O_3 ceramic particles micro-melted and combined with Fe and Cr to form Fe3 Al and(Al,Fe)4 Cr intermetallic compounds within the composite coating,which increased the bond strength between Al_2O_3 ceramic particles and the metal phase.When the mass fraction of Al_2O_3 ceramic particles is 10%,the microhardness of the composite coating is increased by 16.4%,and the mass loss in the composite coating is reduced by 50%compared to that of the Fe901 coating.Thus,adding an adequate amount of Al_2O_3 ceramics can improve the microhardness and wear resistance of coatings.
Al_2O_3-reinforced Fe901 metal-ceramic composite coatings were prepared by laser cladding to improve the wear resistance of surface coating of metal materials.This study investigated the effect of Al_2O_3-reinforced phase on the microstructure and properties of a Fe-based cladding layer.The microstructural evolution,phase compositions,wear resistance,and microhardness of the composite coatings were studied using scanning electron microscopy,Xray diffraction,friction and wear tester,as well as microhardness tester,respectively.The results show that the microstructure of the Fe901 coating was dominated by columnar and equiaxed dendrites.In addition,the addition of Al_2O_3 promoted the transformation of microstructure into a uniformly distributed white network-like intergranular structure with wrapped fine black grains.The surface of Al_2O_3 ceramic particles micro-melted and combined with Fe and Cr to form Fe3 Al and(Al,Fe)4 Cr intermetallic compounds within the composite coating,which increased the bond strength between Al_2O_3 ceramic particles and the metal phase.When the mass fraction of Al_2O_3 ceramic particles is 10%,the microhardness of the composite coating is increased by 16.4%,and the mass loss in the composite coating is reduced by 50%compared to that of the Fe901 coating.Thus,adding an adequate amount of Al_2O_3 ceramics can improve the microhardness and wear resistance of coatings.
引文
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[3]Xu J L,Zhou J Z,Tan W S,et al.Ultrasonic vibration on wear property of laser cladding Fe-based coating[J/OL].Surface Engineering,2018[2018-05-21].https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02670844.2018.1475102.
[4]Ma G Y,Yan S,Wu D J,et al.Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of ultrasonic assisted laser clad yttria stabilized zirconia coating[J].Ceramics International,2017,43(13):9622-9629.
[5]Betts J C,Mordike B L,Grech M.Characterisation,wear and corrosion testing of laser-deposited AISI 316reinforced with ceramic particles[J].Surface Engineering,2010,26(1/2):21-29.
[6]Jin Y,Li B,Zhang X,et al.Deposition behavior and electrochemical failure mechanism of WC/SS316Lmetal matrix composites prepared by supersonic laser deposition[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2018,45(1):0102001.金琰,李波,张欣,等.金属基复合材料WC/SS316L超音速激光沉积行为及电化学失效机理[J].中国激光,2018,45(1):0102001.
[7]Mertens A,L′Hoest T,Magnien J,et al.On the elaboration of metal-ceramic composite coatings by laser cladding[J].Materials Science Forum,2016,879:1288-1293.
[8]Zhou S F,Zeng X Y,Hu Q W,et al.Analysis of crack behavior for Ni-based WC composite coatings by laser cladding and crack-free realization[J].Applied Surface Science,2008,255(5):1646-1653.
[9]Qiao H,Li Q T,Fu H G,et al.Microstructure and micro-hardness of in situ synthesized TiC particles reinforced Fe-based alloy composite coating by laser cladding[J].Materialwissenschaft Und Werkstofftechnik,2014,45(2):85-90.
[10]Duan X X,Gao S Y,Gu Y F,et al.Study on reinforcement mechanism and frictional wear properties of 316L-SiC mixed layer deposited by laser cladding[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2016,43(1):0103004.段晓溪,高士友,顾勇飞,等.激光熔覆316L+SiC的强化机制和摩擦磨损性能研究[J].中国激光,2016,43(1):0103004.
[11]Li M X,He Y Z,Sun G X.Laser cladding Co-based alloy/SiCp composite coatings on IF steel[J].Materials&Design,2004,25(4):355-358.
[12]Xiong Z,Shao G Q,Duan X L,et al.Preparation and properties of Al2O3/WC-Co cermet[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2006,35(z1):79-82.熊震,邵刚勤,段兴龙,等.Al2O3/WC-Co金属陶瓷的制备与性能研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2006,35(z1):79-82.
[13]Li B,Yao J H,Zhang Q L,et al.Microstructure and tribological performance of tungsten carbide reinforced stainless steel composite coatings by supersonic laser deposition[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2015,275:58-68.
[14]Ren C,Li Z G,Shu D,et al.Microstructure and water erosion resistance property of Stellite6coating by laser cladding on 17-4PH stainless steel surface[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(4):0402010.任超,李铸国,疏达,等.17-4PH不锈钢表面激光熔覆Stellite6涂层组织及耐水蚀性能[J].中国激光,2017,44(4):0402010.
[15]Zeng X Y,Tao Z Y,Zhu B D,et al.Investigation of laser cladding ceramic-metal composite coatings:processing modes and mechanisms[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,1996,79(1):209-217.
[16]Li Q G,Wu C,Wang Z.Mechanical properties and microstructures of Nano-Al2O3,particles reinforced Al2O3/AlN composite[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2015,636:20-23.
[17]Tan H,Luo Z,Li Y,et al.Microstructure and wear resistance of Al2O3-M7C3/Fe composite coatings produced by laser controlled reactive synthesis[J].Optics&Laser Technology,2015,68:11-17.
[18]Guo C,Chen J M,Zhou J S,et al.Effects of WC-Ni content on microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladding Ni-based alloys coating[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2012,206(8):2064-2071.
[19]Zhang H,Zou Y,Zou Z D,et al.Microstructure and properties of Fe-based composite coating by laser cladding Fe-Ti-V-Cr-C-CeO2 powder[J].Optics&Laser Technology,2015,65(12):119-125.
[20]Wang X H,Song S L,Qu S Y,et al.Characterization of in situ synthesized TiC particle reinforced Fe-based composite coatings produced by multi-pass overlapping GTAW melting process[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2007,201(12):5899-5905.