不同钾水平对延胡索幼苗的生理特征和铬吸收影响
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摘要
为了探讨外源钾(K+)对重金属铬(Cr~(6+))胁迫下延胡索(Corydalis yanhusuo)幼苗的缓解作用,以延胡索块茎为实验材料,采用土培方法,从生理学角度研究不同添加水平外源K+(0~2.78g·kg~(-1))对不同水平Cr~(6+)(0~240mg·kg~(-1))胁迫下延胡索幼苗株高、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及延胡索幼苗地上和地下部分对重金属Cr~(6+)积累的影响。结果表明,(1)在0~60mg·kg~(-1)范围内,Cr~(6+)促进延胡索生长,Cr~(6+)处理水平为60mg·kg~(-1)时株高最大,比对照组(未加Cr~(6+))升高了48.65%;而高处理水平Cr~(6+)(>60mg·kg~(-1))抑制延胡索生长。添加不同水平外源钾时,延胡索幼苗株高均比对照组(K0)显著增高,在添加0.67g·kg-1(K2)的外源钾时延胡索株高的增幅达到最大,为26.71%~138.21%。(2)随着Cr~(6+)处理水平的增加,延胡索幼苗中可溶性糖含量和CAT活性先增加后下降,MDA含量和POD活性不断增加,SOD活性不断减少。添加不同水平外源钾,与对照组(K0)相比,延胡索幼苗中可溶性糖含量和SOD、POD和CAT活性显著增加,MDA含量显著减少,特别是添加0.67g·kg~(-1)外源钾(K2)时这种显著性最为明显,分别为对照组(K0)的55.24%~180.77%、13.08%~47.39%、8.22%~115.49%、12.73%~89.00%和13.33%~50.44%。(3)延胡索幼苗体内Cr~(6+)积累随Cr~(6+)处理水平增加而增加,且地下部分Cr~(6+)累积大于地上部分,添加外源钾能抑制延胡索对Cr~(6+)的累积,当钾添加量为0.67g·kg~(-1)(K2)时,与对照组(K0)相比,延胡索体内Cr~(6+)的积累量降低了25.26%~50.71%。此外,外源钾对Cr~(6+)从延胡索地下部分向地上部分转移有一定的促进作用。
In this study, the alleviating effect of exogenous potassium(K+) on Corydalis yanhusuo seedlings under chromium(Cr~(6+)) stress was investigated in detail using the tubers of C. yanhusuo with soil culture experiments. Effect of different potassium levels(0~2.78g·kg~(-1)) on the growth of the seedlings was evaluated under different Cr~(6+) stress conditions(0~240mg·kg~(-1)), the physiological parameters examined here including the plant height, the content of soluble sugars and malondialdehyde(MDA), the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT), and the Cr~(6+) absorption performance of both the shoot and root of the seedlings. The results showed that:(1) Cr~(6+) could only promote the growth of C. yanhusuo within the concentration range of 0~60 mg·kg-1 yielding the highest plant height at 60 mg·kg~(-1) Cr~(6+) condition, which was 48.65% higher compared with the control test(without Cr~(6+) addition). The growth of C. yanhusuo was inhibited by overhigh Cr~(6+) stress(>60 mg·kg~(-1)). However, the addition of exogenous potassium could significantly promote the growth of C. yanhusuo stressed by different Cr~(6+) concentrations, and the plant height increased most when applying 0.67g·kg~(-1)(K2) potassium with the increase rate of 26.71%~138.21%.(2) With the increase of Cr~(6+) concentration, the content of soluble sugar and the activity of CAT increased first and then followed by gradual decrease, while the content of MDA and the activity of POD demonstrated a constant increase and the activity of SOD showed constant decline. For the potassium present conditions, the content of soluble sugar and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT showed striking increase while the MDA content showed remarkable reduce compared with the potassium-free condition(control test), in which the most significant difference was also obtained when applying K2 potassium level and the degree of enhancement respectively were 55.24%~180.77%, 13.08%~47.39%, 8.22%~115.49%, 12.73%~89.00% and 13.33%~50.44%.(3) The accumulation of Cr~(6+) in C. yanhusuo seedlings increased with the Cr~(6+) concentration in soil, and the absorption capability of the roots was higher than that of the stems, and the addition of exogenous potassium could inhibit the accumulation of Cr~(6+) in the C. yanhusuo seedlings, the accumulation of Cr~(6+) was lower than the potassium-free condition(control test) when applying 0.67g·kg~(-1)(K2) potassium with the reduce rate of 25.26%~50.71%. Moreover, the exogenous K+ can to some extent improve the transiting of Cr~(6+) from the roots to the stems.
In this study, the alleviating effect of exogenous potassium(K+) on Corydalis yanhusuo seedlings under chromium(Cr~(6+)) stress was investigated in detail using the tubers of C. yanhusuo with soil culture experiments. Effect of different potassium levels(0~2.78g·kg~(-1)) on the growth of the seedlings was evaluated under different Cr~(6+) stress conditions(0~240mg·kg~(-1)), the physiological parameters examined here including the plant height, the content of soluble sugars and malondialdehyde(MDA), the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT), and the Cr~(6+) absorption performance of both the shoot and root of the seedlings. The results showed that:(1) Cr~(6+) could only promote the growth of C. yanhusuo within the concentration range of 0~60 mg·kg-1 yielding the highest plant height at 60 mg·kg~(-1) Cr~(6+) condition, which was 48.65% higher compared with the control test(without Cr~(6+) addition). The growth of C. yanhusuo was inhibited by overhigh Cr~(6+) stress(>60 mg·kg~(-1)). However, the addition of exogenous potassium could significantly promote the growth of C. yanhusuo stressed by different Cr~(6+) concentrations, and the plant height increased most when applying 0.67g·kg~(-1)(K2) potassium with the increase rate of 26.71%~138.21%.(2) With the increase of Cr~(6+) concentration, the content of soluble sugar and the activity of CAT increased first and then followed by gradual decrease, while the content of MDA and the activity of POD demonstrated a constant increase and the activity of SOD showed constant decline. For the potassium present conditions, the content of soluble sugar and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT showed striking increase while the MDA content showed remarkable reduce compared with the potassium-free condition(control test), in which the most significant difference was also obtained when applying K2 potassium level and the degree of enhancement respectively were 55.24%~180.77%, 13.08%~47.39%, 8.22%~115.49%, 12.73%~89.00% and 13.33%~50.44%.(3) The accumulation of Cr~(6+) in C. yanhusuo seedlings increased with the Cr~(6+) concentration in soil, and the absorption capability of the roots was higher than that of the stems, and the addition of exogenous potassium could inhibit the accumulation of Cr~(6+) in the C. yanhusuo seedlings, the accumulation of Cr~(6+) was lower than the potassium-free condition(control test) when applying 0.67g·kg~(-1)(K2) potassium with the reduce rate of 25.26%~50.71%. Moreover, the exogenous K+ can to some extent improve the transiting of Cr~(6+) from the roots to the stems.
引文
ASSCHE F,CLIJSTERS H.1990.Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants[J].Plant Cell&Environment,13(3):195-206.
COX R M,HUTCHINSON T C.1981.Multiple and co-tolerance to metals in the grass Deschampsia cespitosa:Adaptation,preadaptation and‘cost’[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,3(1-4):731-741.
MEHARG A A,MACNAIR M R.1992.Suppression of the High Affinity Phosphate Uptake System:A Mechanism of Arsenate Tolerance in Holcus lanatus L[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,43(249):519-524.
MOLONE C,KOEPPE D E,MILLER R J.1974.Localization of lead accumulated by corn plants[J].Plant Physiology,53(3):388-394.
RUCINSKA-SOBKOWIAK R.2016.Water relations in plants subjected to heavy metal stresses[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,38(11):257.
SCHONFELD M A,JOHNSON R C,CARVER B F,et al.1988.Water relations in winter wheat as drought resistance indicatoras[J].Crop Science,28(3):526-531.
SINGH S,PARIHAR P,SINGH R.2016.Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants:Role of Transcriptomics,Proteomics,Metabolomics,and Ionomics[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,6:1143.
STITT M,QUICK W P.1989.Photosynthetic carbon partitioning:its regulation and possibilities for manipulation[J].Physiologia Plantarum,7(4):633-641.
YANG X Y,LI C L,ZHANG Q,et al.2017.Effects of polymer-coated potassium chloride on cotton yield,leaf senescence and soil potassium[J].Field Crops Research,212:145-152.
曹玉军,赵景云,赵宏伟.2009.钾素用量对甜玉米可溶性糖及产量的影响[J].作物杂志,(5):64-65.
陈光,高振宇,徐国华.2017.植物响应缺钾胁迫的机制及提高钾利用效率的策略[J].植物学报,52(1):89-101.
陈培元,蒋永罗,李英,等.1987.钾肥对小麦生长发育、抗干旱和某些生理特征的影响[J].作物学报,13(4):322-328.
陈庆华,王百木.2008.铬胁迫对辣椒幼苗生长和生理生化特性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,36(22):9382-9383.
陈苏,孙丽娜,孙铁珩,等.2007.钾肥对镉的植物有效性的影响[J].环境科学,28(1):182-188.
何学利.2010.植物体内的保护酶系统[J].现代农业科技,(10):37-38.
贺迪,刘云国,黄玉娥,等.2007.钙对不同浓度镉胁迫下芦苇幼苗叶绿素及抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,26(1):197-201.
黄辉,高峡,王娟.2011.六价铬对玉米幼苗生长及抗氧化系统的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,30(4):633-638.
李合生.2000.植物生理生化试验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
李晶晶,彭恩泽.2005.综述铬在土壤和植物中的赋存形式及迁移规律[J].工业安全与环保,31(3):31-33.
刘长锴,李彦生,涂冰洁,等.2016.钾肥施用对菜用大豆生殖生长期可溶性糖含量及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,35(2):270-274.
鲁如坤.1999.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社.
马溪平,李鲜珠,沈玉冰,等.2014.Cr6+对3种玉米品种的生理特性影响[J].生态环境学报,23(9):1482-1486.
石贵玉,陈明媚.2005.铬、硒对水稻幼苗生长和生理的影响[J].广西植物,25(3):281-284.
宋正国,徐明岗,丁永祯,等.2010.钾对土壤镉有效性的影响及其机理[J].中国矿业大学学报,39(3):453-458.
王红,田明,王淼,等.2010.延胡索现代药用及临床研究进展[J].中草药学报,38(6):108-111.
王启明.2006b.干旱胁迫对大豆苗期叶片保护酶活性和膜脂过氧化作用的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,25(4):918-921.
王启明.2006a.重金属Cr6+胁迫对玉米幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].河南农业科学,(8):37-40.
王青,王娜.2011.铬对人体与环境的影响及防治[J].微量元素与健康研究,28(5):64-66.
吴秀文,郝艳淑,雷晶,等.2016.钾硼胁迫对棉花功能叶物质成分影响的FTIR表征[J].光谱学与光谱分析,36(3):676-680.
徐维杰,王庆亚,杨文嘉,等.2017.铬(Cr6+)胁迫对不同基因型小麦种子萌发及幼苗抗氧化和渗透调节的影响[J].麦类作物学报,37(8):1112-1119.
薛永,王苑螈,姚泉洪,等.2014.植物对土壤重金属镉抗性的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,23(3):528-534.
杨娟娟,郭巧生,陈苏丹,等.2014.钾肥和水分对菘蓝幼苗生长和生理特性的影响[J].中国中药杂志,39(10):1772-1776.
于天昊,洪宇,谢庆恩,等.2010.外源蔗糖、Vc对铬诱导的拟南芥主根生长抑制和过氧化物积累的缓解作用[J].中国农学通报,26(6):289-292.
余顺慧,方荣美,唐洁,等.2016.铬污染对延胡索生长和生理特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,44(10):236-239.
翟征秋,孙会芳,张瑞华.2009.重金属铬和铜对花生种子萌发和脂肪酶活力的影响[J].安徽农业科学,37(1):70-71.
张义贤,张丽萍.2006.重金属对大麦幼苗膜脂过氧化及脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,25(4):857-860.
张义贤.1997.重金属对大麦(Hordeum vulgare)毒性的研究[J].环境科学学报,17(2):199-201.
赵青华.2014.砧木南瓜F1代及其亲本幼苗对盐胁迫的响应[J].西北农业学报,23(1):187-190.
赵士诚,孙静文,马有志,等.2008.镉对玉米幼苗活性氧代谢、超氧化物岐化酶和过氧化氢酶活性及其基因表达[J].中国农业科学,41(10):3025-3032.
赵世杰,许长成.1994.植物组织中丙二醛测定方法的改进[J].植物生理学通讯,30(3):207-210.
COX R M,HUTCHINSON T C.1981.Multiple and co-tolerance to metals in the grass Deschampsia cespitosa:Adaptation,preadaptation and‘cost’[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,3(1-4):731-741.
MEHARG A A,MACNAIR M R.1992.Suppression of the High Affinity Phosphate Uptake System:A Mechanism of Arsenate Tolerance in Holcus lanatus L[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,43(249):519-524.
MOLONE C,KOEPPE D E,MILLER R J.1974.Localization of lead accumulated by corn plants[J].Plant Physiology,53(3):388-394.
RUCINSKA-SOBKOWIAK R.2016.Water relations in plants subjected to heavy metal stresses[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,38(11):257.
SCHONFELD M A,JOHNSON R C,CARVER B F,et al.1988.Water relations in winter wheat as drought resistance indicatoras[J].Crop Science,28(3):526-531.
SINGH S,PARIHAR P,SINGH R.2016.Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants:Role of Transcriptomics,Proteomics,Metabolomics,and Ionomics[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,6:1143.
STITT M,QUICK W P.1989.Photosynthetic carbon partitioning:its regulation and possibilities for manipulation[J].Physiologia Plantarum,7(4):633-641.
YANG X Y,LI C L,ZHANG Q,et al.2017.Effects of polymer-coated potassium chloride on cotton yield,leaf senescence and soil potassium[J].Field Crops Research,212:145-152.
曹玉军,赵景云,赵宏伟.2009.钾素用量对甜玉米可溶性糖及产量的影响[J].作物杂志,(5):64-65.
陈光,高振宇,徐国华.2017.植物响应缺钾胁迫的机制及提高钾利用效率的策略[J].植物学报,52(1):89-101.
陈培元,蒋永罗,李英,等.1987.钾肥对小麦生长发育、抗干旱和某些生理特征的影响[J].作物学报,13(4):322-328.
陈庆华,王百木.2008.铬胁迫对辣椒幼苗生长和生理生化特性的影响[J].安徽农业科学,36(22):9382-9383.
陈苏,孙丽娜,孙铁珩,等.2007.钾肥对镉的植物有效性的影响[J].环境科学,28(1):182-188.
何学利.2010.植物体内的保护酶系统[J].现代农业科技,(10):37-38.
贺迪,刘云国,黄玉娥,等.2007.钙对不同浓度镉胁迫下芦苇幼苗叶绿素及抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,26(1):197-201.
黄辉,高峡,王娟.2011.六价铬对玉米幼苗生长及抗氧化系统的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,30(4):633-638.
李合生.2000.植物生理生化试验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社.
李晶晶,彭恩泽.2005.综述铬在土壤和植物中的赋存形式及迁移规律[J].工业安全与环保,31(3):31-33.
刘长锴,李彦生,涂冰洁,等.2016.钾肥施用对菜用大豆生殖生长期可溶性糖含量及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,35(2):270-274.
鲁如坤.1999.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社.
马溪平,李鲜珠,沈玉冰,等.2014.Cr6+对3种玉米品种的生理特性影响[J].生态环境学报,23(9):1482-1486.
石贵玉,陈明媚.2005.铬、硒对水稻幼苗生长和生理的影响[J].广西植物,25(3):281-284.
宋正国,徐明岗,丁永祯,等.2010.钾对土壤镉有效性的影响及其机理[J].中国矿业大学学报,39(3):453-458.
王红,田明,王淼,等.2010.延胡索现代药用及临床研究进展[J].中草药学报,38(6):108-111.
王启明.2006b.干旱胁迫对大豆苗期叶片保护酶活性和膜脂过氧化作用的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,25(4):918-921.
王启明.2006a.重金属Cr6+胁迫对玉米幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].河南农业科学,(8):37-40.
王青,王娜.2011.铬对人体与环境的影响及防治[J].微量元素与健康研究,28(5):64-66.
吴秀文,郝艳淑,雷晶,等.2016.钾硼胁迫对棉花功能叶物质成分影响的FTIR表征[J].光谱学与光谱分析,36(3):676-680.
徐维杰,王庆亚,杨文嘉,等.2017.铬(Cr6+)胁迫对不同基因型小麦种子萌发及幼苗抗氧化和渗透调节的影响[J].麦类作物学报,37(8):1112-1119.
薛永,王苑螈,姚泉洪,等.2014.植物对土壤重金属镉抗性的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,23(3):528-534.
杨娟娟,郭巧生,陈苏丹,等.2014.钾肥和水分对菘蓝幼苗生长和生理特性的影响[J].中国中药杂志,39(10):1772-1776.
于天昊,洪宇,谢庆恩,等.2010.外源蔗糖、Vc对铬诱导的拟南芥主根生长抑制和过氧化物积累的缓解作用[J].中国农学通报,26(6):289-292.
余顺慧,方荣美,唐洁,等.2016.铬污染对延胡索生长和生理特性的影响[J].江苏农业科学,44(10):236-239.
翟征秋,孙会芳,张瑞华.2009.重金属铬和铜对花生种子萌发和脂肪酶活力的影响[J].安徽农业科学,37(1):70-71.
张义贤,张丽萍.2006.重金属对大麦幼苗膜脂过氧化及脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,25(4):857-860.
张义贤.1997.重金属对大麦(Hordeum vulgare)毒性的研究[J].环境科学学报,17(2):199-201.
赵青华.2014.砧木南瓜F1代及其亲本幼苗对盐胁迫的响应[J].西北农业学报,23(1):187-190.
赵士诚,孙静文,马有志,等.2008.镉对玉米幼苗活性氧代谢、超氧化物岐化酶和过氧化氢酶活性及其基因表达[J].中国农业科学,41(10):3025-3032.
赵世杰,许长成.1994.植物组织中丙二醛测定方法的改进[J].植物生理学通讯,30(3):207-210.