HYDRUS-1D模型模拟渭北旱塬深剖面土壤水分的适用性
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摘要
黄土高原生态恢复过程中,深剖面土壤水分平衡状况发生了重要变化,但传统观测方法难以量化深层渗漏等水文变量,需要借助模型进行分析.本研究利用HYDRUS-1D模型,模拟渭北旱塬长武塬农地和苹果园10 m深剖面土壤水分的垂直分布和时间变化,评价模型的适用性.基于2011年9月—2013年10月观测的土壤水分数据,通过优化土壤水力参数,模拟深剖面土壤水分空间和时间的离散化过程.结果表明:校准期和验证期,HYDRUS-1D模型的决定系数在0.65～0.85、模型效率系数在0.55～0.83、土壤水分的均方根误差在0.01～0.02cm~3·cm~(-3).实测与模拟土壤水分的剖面分布和时间变化状况具有很好的一致性,表明HYDRUS-1D可以用于模拟渭北旱塬深剖面的土壤水文状况.
Soil water balance has been greatly changed with the implementation of ecological restoration in the Loess Plateau. Some hydrological variables,such as deep drainage,can be hardly determined by traditional monitoring methods,and thus need to be analyzed by models. We simulated vertical distribution and time variation of soil moisture within 10 m profiles under a farmland and apple orchard by HYDRUS-1D model,and further evaluated model applicability. Based on observation from September 2011 to October 2013,the spatial and temporal discretization of soil water was simulated with calibrated soil hydraulic parameters. For the calibration and validation periods,HYDRUS-1D performed well with coefficient of determination of 0.65-0.85,model efficiency coefficients of 0.55-0.83,and root mean square errors from 0.01 to 0.02 cm~3·cm~(-3). The simulated soil water contents had similar vertical distribution and temporal variation as the observation,implying that HYDRUS-1D was suitable for simulation of soil hydrology in deep profiles on the Weibei rainfed highland.
Soil water balance has been greatly changed with the implementation of ecological restoration in the Loess Plateau. Some hydrological variables,such as deep drainage,can be hardly determined by traditional monitoring methods,and thus need to be analyzed by models. We simulated vertical distribution and time variation of soil moisture within 10 m profiles under a farmland and apple orchard by HYDRUS-1D model,and further evaluated model applicability. Based on observation from September 2011 to October 2013,the spatial and temporal discretization of soil water was simulated with calibrated soil hydraulic parameters. For the calibration and validation periods,HYDRUS-1D performed well with coefficient of determination of 0.65-0.85,model efficiency coefficients of 0.55-0.83,and root mean square errors from 0.01 to 0.02 cm~3·cm~(-3). The simulated soil water contents had similar vertical distribution and temporal variation as the observation,implying that HYDRUS-1D was suitable for simulation of soil hydrology in deep profiles on the Weibei rainfed highland.
引文
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[3] Wang YQ,Shao MA,Zhu YJ,et al. Impacts of land use and plant characteristics on dried soil layers in different climatic regions on the Loess Plateau of China.Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2011,151:437-448
[4] Huang MB,Gallichand J. Use of the SHAW model to assess soil water recovery after apple trees in the gully region of the Loess Plateau,China. Agricultural Water Management,2006,85:67-76
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[8] Jiang D-S(蒋定生). Soil Erosion and Control Models in the Loess Plateau. Beijing:China Water Power Press,1999(in Chinese)
[9] Cheng L-P(程立平),Liu W-Z(刘文兆),Li Z(李志). Soil water in deep layers under different land use patterns on the Loess Tableland. Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2014,34(8):1975-1983(in Chinese)
[10] Hu W,Si BC. Revealing the relative influence of soil and topographic properties on soil water content distribution at the watershed scale in two sites. Journal of Hydrology,2014,516:107-118
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[13] LüHS,Zhu YH,Skaggs TH,et al. Comparison of measured and simulated water storage in dryland terraces of the Loess Plateau,China. Agricultural Water Management,2009,96:299-306
[14] Zhang L-D(张洛丹),Zhang Y(张瑜),Huang MB(黄明斌),et al. Simulations of soil water balance in two arbor forests grown in gully region of the Loess Plateau. Research of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持研究),2015,22(2):26-31(in Chinese)
[15] Yu G-J(余根坚),Huang J-S(黄介生),Gao Z-Y(高占义). Study on water and salt transportation of different irrigation modes by the simulation of HYDRUS model. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering(水利学报),2013,44(7):826-834(in Chinese)
[16] Crevoisier D,Popova Z,Mailhol JC,et al. Assessment and simulation of water and nitrogen transfer under furrow irrigation. Agricultural Water Management,2008,95:354-366
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[19] Duan L-X(段良霞),Huang M-B(黄明斌),Zhang L-D(张洛丹),et al. Statespace prediction of soil water content on a hillslope in the gully region of the Loess Plateau,China. Advances in Water Science(水科学进展),2015,26(5):649-659(in Chinese)
[20] Ma H(马欢),Yang D-W(杨大文),Lei H-M(雷慧闽),et al. Application and improvement of Hydrus-1D model for analyzing water cycle in an agricultural field. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2011,27(3):6-12(in Chinese)
[21] Simunek J,Saito H,Sakai M,et al. The HYDRUS-1D Software Package for Simulating the One-dimensional Movement of Water,Heat,and Multiple Solutes in Variably-saturated Media. Riverside, CA:Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside,2005
[22] Ren L-D(任利东),Huang M-B(黄明斌),Fan J(樊军). Study on water retention capacity for drained soils with different textural layering. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2013,29(19):105-111(in Chinese)
[23] Liu J-J(刘建军),Wang Q-J(王全九),Wang W-H(王卫华),et al. Inverse solution soil hydraulic parameters and verificatiob using Hydrus-1D model. World Science and Technology Research and Development(世界科技研究与发展),2010,32(2):173-175(in Chinese)
[24] Gao Y(高跃). Simulation of Soil Water Dynamics in Red Soil Sloping Farmlands using the Hydrus Model.Master Thesis. Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2013(in Chinese)
[25] Dong D-F(董得福),Huang L-M(黄领梅),Shen B(沈冰). The soil water movement experiment and simulation in northern Shaanxi province. Journal of Water Resources Research(水资源研究),2012,1(6):454-459(in Chinese)
[26] Yi CQ,Fan J. Application of Hydrus-1D model to provide antecedent soil water contents for analysis of runoff and soil erosion from a slope on the Loess Plateau. Catena,2016,139:1-8
[27] Cao Q-H(曹巧红),Gong Y-S(龚元石). Simulation and analysis of water balance and nitrogen leaching using Hydrus-1D under winter wheat crop. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science(植物营养与肥料学报),2003,9(2):139-145(in Chinese)
[28] Wang YQ,Hu W,Zhu YJ,et al. Vertical distribution and temporal stability of soil water in 21-m profiles under different land uses on the Loess Plateau in China.Journal of Hydrology,2015,527:543-554
[29] Li W-L(李伟莉),Jin C-J(金昌杰),Wang A-Z(王安志),et al. Research progress in soil macropore flow.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2007,18(4):888-894(in Chinese)
[30] Gao Z-X(高朝侠). The Experimental Study on Macropore Flow in Loess Region. Master Thesis. Yangling:Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education,2014(in Chinese)
[31] Huang M-B(黄明斌),Yang X-M(杨新民),Li Y-S(李玉山). Effect of apple base on regional water cycle in Weibei upland of the Loess Plateau. Journal of Geographical Sciences(地理学报),2001,56(1):7-13(in Chinese)
[32] Shao MA,Wang YQ,Xia YQ,et al. Soil drought and water carrying capacity for vegetation in the critical zone of the Loess Plateau:A review. Vadose Zone Journal,2018,17:1-8
[33] Huang YN,Chang QR,Li Z. Land use change impacts on the amount and quality of recharge water in the loess tablelands of China. Science of the Total Environment,2018,628/629:443-452
[34] Wang YQ,Shao MA,Liu ZP,et al. Characteristics of dried soil layers under apple orchards of different ages and their applications in soil water managements on the Loess Plateau of China. Pedosphere,2015,25:546-554
[35] Wang R(王锐),Liu W-Z(刘文兆),Li Z(李志). Physical properties of soils along a 10 m deep soil profile in loess tableland. Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2008,45(3):550-554(in Chinese)
[36] Zhang L-D(张洛丹). Effect of Different Vegetation Types on the Soil Water Cycle on Steep Land. Master Thesis. Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2015(in Chinese)
[37] Wu Y-Z(吴元芝),Huang M-B(黄明斌). Analysis of influential factors for maize root water uptake based on Hydrus-1D model. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2011,27(9):66-73(in Chinese)
[38] Wang Y-Q(王云强),Zhang X-C(张兴昌),Cong W(从伟),et al. Spatial variability of soil moisture on slope-land under different land uses on the Loess Plateau. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2006,22(12):65-71(in Chinese)
[2] Xiong LY,Tang GA,Li FY,et al. Modeling the evolution of loess-covered landforms in the Loess Plateau of China using a DEM of underground bedrock surface.Geomorphology,2014,209:18-26
[3] Wang YQ,Shao MA,Zhu YJ,et al. Impacts of land use and plant characteristics on dried soil layers in different climatic regions on the Loess Plateau of China.Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,2011,151:437-448
[4] Huang MB,Gallichand J. Use of the SHAW model to assess soil water recovery after apple trees in the gully region of the Loess Plateau,China. Agricultural Water Management,2006,85:67-76
[5] Yang W-Z(杨文治),Shao M-A(邵明安). Soil Water Research on Loess Plateau, China. Beijing:Science Press,2000(in Chinese)
[6] Lyu YH,Fu BJ,Feng XM,et al. A policy-driven large scale ecological restoration:Quantifying ecosystem services changes in the Loess Plateau of China. PLo S One,2012,7(2):1-10
[7] Chen LD,Wei W,Fu BJ,et al. Soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau in China:Review and perspective. Progress in Physical Geography,2007,31:389-403
[8] Jiang D-S(蒋定生). Soil Erosion and Control Models in the Loess Plateau. Beijing:China Water Power Press,1999(in Chinese)
[9] Cheng L-P(程立平),Liu W-Z(刘文兆),Li Z(李志). Soil water in deep layers under different land use patterns on the Loess Tableland. Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2014,34(8):1975-1983(in Chinese)
[10] Hu W,Si BC. Revealing the relative influence of soil and topographic properties on soil water content distribution at the watershed scale in two sites. Journal of Hydrology,2014,516:107-118
[11] Cheng L-P(程立平),Liu W-Z(刘文兆). Soil moisture distribution in deep layers and its response to different land use patterns on Loess Tableland. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2011,27(9):203-207(in Chinese)
[12] Wang YQ,Shao MA,Liu ZP. Large-scale spatial variability of dried soil layers and related factors across the entire Loess Plateau of China. Geoderma,2010,159:99-108
[13] LüHS,Zhu YH,Skaggs TH,et al. Comparison of measured and simulated water storage in dryland terraces of the Loess Plateau,China. Agricultural Water Management,2009,96:299-306
[14] Zhang L-D(张洛丹),Zhang Y(张瑜),Huang MB(黄明斌),et al. Simulations of soil water balance in two arbor forests grown in gully region of the Loess Plateau. Research of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持研究),2015,22(2):26-31(in Chinese)
[15] Yu G-J(余根坚),Huang J-S(黄介生),Gao Z-Y(高占义). Study on water and salt transportation of different irrigation modes by the simulation of HYDRUS model. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering(水利学报),2013,44(7):826-834(in Chinese)
[16] Crevoisier D,Popova Z,Mailhol JC,et al. Assessment and simulation of water and nitrogen transfer under furrow irrigation. Agricultural Water Management,2008,95:354-366
[17] Saito H,Simunek J,Scanlon BR,et al. Numerical analysis of coupled water,vapor and heat transport in the vadose zone using HYDRUS. Vadose Zone Journal,2006,5:784-800
[18] Yi X-B(易小波),Shao M-A(邵明安),Zhao C-L(赵春雷),et al. Variation analysis and simulation of soil bulk density within different soil depths along south to north transect of loess plateau. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultral Machinery(农业机械学报),2017,48(4):198-205(in Chinese)
[19] Duan L-X(段良霞),Huang M-B(黄明斌),Zhang L-D(张洛丹),et al. Statespace prediction of soil water content on a hillslope in the gully region of the Loess Plateau,China. Advances in Water Science(水科学进展),2015,26(5):649-659(in Chinese)
[20] Ma H(马欢),Yang D-W(杨大文),Lei H-M(雷慧闽),et al. Application and improvement of Hydrus-1D model for analyzing water cycle in an agricultural field. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2011,27(3):6-12(in Chinese)
[21] Simunek J,Saito H,Sakai M,et al. The HYDRUS-1D Software Package for Simulating the One-dimensional Movement of Water,Heat,and Multiple Solutes in Variably-saturated Media. Riverside, CA:Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California Riverside,2005
[22] Ren L-D(任利东),Huang M-B(黄明斌),Fan J(樊军). Study on water retention capacity for drained soils with different textural layering. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2013,29(19):105-111(in Chinese)
[23] Liu J-J(刘建军),Wang Q-J(王全九),Wang W-H(王卫华),et al. Inverse solution soil hydraulic parameters and verificatiob using Hydrus-1D model. World Science and Technology Research and Development(世界科技研究与发展),2010,32(2):173-175(in Chinese)
[24] Gao Y(高跃). Simulation of Soil Water Dynamics in Red Soil Sloping Farmlands using the Hydrus Model.Master Thesis. Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2013(in Chinese)
[25] Dong D-F(董得福),Huang L-M(黄领梅),Shen B(沈冰). The soil water movement experiment and simulation in northern Shaanxi province. Journal of Water Resources Research(水资源研究),2012,1(6):454-459(in Chinese)
[26] Yi CQ,Fan J. Application of Hydrus-1D model to provide antecedent soil water contents for analysis of runoff and soil erosion from a slope on the Loess Plateau. Catena,2016,139:1-8
[27] Cao Q-H(曹巧红),Gong Y-S(龚元石). Simulation and analysis of water balance and nitrogen leaching using Hydrus-1D under winter wheat crop. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science(植物营养与肥料学报),2003,9(2):139-145(in Chinese)
[28] Wang YQ,Hu W,Zhu YJ,et al. Vertical distribution and temporal stability of soil water in 21-m profiles under different land uses on the Loess Plateau in China.Journal of Hydrology,2015,527:543-554
[29] Li W-L(李伟莉),Jin C-J(金昌杰),Wang A-Z(王安志),et al. Research progress in soil macropore flow.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2007,18(4):888-894(in Chinese)
[30] Gao Z-X(高朝侠). The Experimental Study on Macropore Flow in Loess Region. Master Thesis. Yangling:Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education,2014(in Chinese)
[31] Huang M-B(黄明斌),Yang X-M(杨新民),Li Y-S(李玉山). Effect of apple base on regional water cycle in Weibei upland of the Loess Plateau. Journal of Geographical Sciences(地理学报),2001,56(1):7-13(in Chinese)
[32] Shao MA,Wang YQ,Xia YQ,et al. Soil drought and water carrying capacity for vegetation in the critical zone of the Loess Plateau:A review. Vadose Zone Journal,2018,17:1-8
[33] Huang YN,Chang QR,Li Z. Land use change impacts on the amount and quality of recharge water in the loess tablelands of China. Science of the Total Environment,2018,628/629:443-452
[34] Wang YQ,Shao MA,Liu ZP,et al. Characteristics of dried soil layers under apple orchards of different ages and their applications in soil water managements on the Loess Plateau of China. Pedosphere,2015,25:546-554
[35] Wang R(王锐),Liu W-Z(刘文兆),Li Z(李志). Physical properties of soils along a 10 m deep soil profile in loess tableland. Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2008,45(3):550-554(in Chinese)
[36] Zhang L-D(张洛丹). Effect of Different Vegetation Types on the Soil Water Cycle on Steep Land. Master Thesis. Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2015(in Chinese)
[37] Wu Y-Z(吴元芝),Huang M-B(黄明斌). Analysis of influential factors for maize root water uptake based on Hydrus-1D model. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2011,27(9):66-73(in Chinese)
[38] Wang Y-Q(王云强),Zhang X-C(张兴昌),Cong W(从伟),et al. Spatial variability of soil moisture on slope-land under different land uses on the Loess Plateau. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2006,22(12):65-71(in Chinese)