不同灌溉量对马铃薯产量和土壤N_2O排放的影响
|
摘要
依托河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所马铃薯节水试验平台,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,研究了在滴灌条件下不同灌溉水平W0(0 m~3/ha)、W1(600 m~3/ha)、W2(1 200 m~3/ha)、W3(1 800 m~3/ha)、W4(2 400 m~3/ha)对马铃薯产量和土壤N_2O排放的影响。结果表明:增加灌溉水量能显著提高马铃薯产量和土壤N_2O累积排放量;W4处理获得最大马铃薯产量,约为31 765 kg/ha,W1、W3处理分别出现N_2O累积排放量最小值和最大值;W0对照处理N_2O排放通量与土壤湿度呈极显著相关,与土壤温度显著相关;灌溉量为W1时,N_2O排放通量与硝态氮含量显著相关,表明低灌溉处理时,土壤湿度、温度和硝态氮含量显著影响土壤N_2O排放,而高灌溉处理相关性不显著。综合分析马铃薯产量效益兼顾土壤N_2O减排,最优灌溉水平可取2 400 m~3/ha。
Relying on the potato water-saving test platform of Dry Farming Agriculture Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,static chamber-gas chromatography is used to study the effects of W0(0m3/ha)W1(600 m3/ha)W2(1200 m3/ha)W3(1 800 m3/ha)W4(2 400 m3/ha)on soil N_2O emission in potato fields under drip irrigation.The results show that irrigation water addition will significantly increase the potato yield and soil cumulative N_2O emission.The potato yield is the largest at irrigation level of W4(2 400 m~3/ha),which is about 31765kg/ha.The cumulative N_2O emission of W1and W3 treatments are the minimum and maximum respectively.N_2O emission flux with W0 treatment is extremely correlated with soil humidity and significantly correlated with soil temperature.In W1 situation,N_2O emission flux is significantly correlated with nitrate nitrogen content.That shows at low irrigation levels,the soil humidity,the soil temperature and the nitrate nitrogen content greatly affect the N_2O emission,while the high irrigation levels have less correlation.Therefore,the best irrigation level can be 2400 m~3/ha,in which the maximum economic benefit can be obtained while the soil N_2O emission is lower.
Relying on the potato water-saving test platform of Dry Farming Agriculture Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,static chamber-gas chromatography is used to study the effects of W0(0m3/ha)W1(600 m3/ha)W2(1200 m3/ha)W3(1 800 m3/ha)W4(2 400 m3/ha)on soil N_2O emission in potato fields under drip irrigation.The results show that irrigation water addition will significantly increase the potato yield and soil cumulative N_2O emission.The potato yield is the largest at irrigation level of W4(2 400 m~3/ha),which is about 31765kg/ha.The cumulative N_2O emission of W1and W3 treatments are the minimum and maximum respectively.N_2O emission flux with W0 treatment is extremely correlated with soil humidity and significantly correlated with soil temperature.In W1 situation,N_2O emission flux is significantly correlated with nitrate nitrogen content.That shows at low irrigation levels,the soil humidity,the soil temperature and the nitrate nitrogen content greatly affect the N_2O emission,while the high irrigation levels have less correlation.Therefore,the best irrigation level can be 2400 m~3/ha,in which the maximum economic benefit can be obtained while the soil N_2O emission is lower.
引文
[1]宋娜,王凤新,杨晨飞,等.水氮耦合对膜下滴灌马铃薯产量、品质及水分利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(13):98-105.
[2]周娜娜,张学军,秦亚兵,等.不同滴灌量和施氮量对马铃薯产量和品质的影响[J].土壤肥料,2004(6):11-12,16.
[3]Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC).Climate Change 2013:The physical science basis[R].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2013.
[4]UNEP.Drawing down N2O to protect climate and the Ozone Layer:A UNEP Synthesis Report,2013[R/OL].[2019-01-20].https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/66211/1/UNEPN2Oreport.pdf.
[5]王改玲,陈德立,李勇.土壤温度、水分和NH4+-N浓度对土壤硝化反应速度及N2O排放的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(1):1-6.
[6]丁军军,张薇,李玉中,等.不同灌溉量对华北平原菜地N2O排放及其来源的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(7):2269-2276.
[7]郭康军,侯玉芳,王立为,等.基于DNDC模型覆膜马铃薯N2O减排增产的优化施氮量研究[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(9):1658-1664.
[8]王凤新,康跃虎,刘士平.滴灌条件下马铃薯田的土壤水分调控方法[J].干旱地区农业研究,2003,21(1):27-30.
[9]王凤新,康跃虎,刘士平.滴灌与沟灌马铃薯覆膜效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(4):99-102.
[10]万伟帆,李斐,红梅,等.氮肥用量和脲酶抑制剂对滴灌马铃薯田氧化亚氮排放和氨挥发的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):693-702.
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[12]黄涛.长期碳氮投入对土壤有机碳氮库及环境影响的机制[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[13]ZEBARTH B J,SNOWDON E,BURTON D L,et al.Controlled release fertilizer product effects on potato crop response and nitrous oxide emissions under rain-fed production on a medium-textured soil[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2012,92(5):759-769.
[14]VALLEJO A,SKIBA U M,GARCIATORRES L,et al.Nitrogen oxides emission from soils bearing a potato crop as influenced by fertilization with treated pig slurries and composts[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2006,38(9):2782-2793.
[15]GAO X P,TENUTA M,NELSON A,et al.Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate on nitrous oxide emission from irrigated potato on a clay loam soil in Manitoba,Canada[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2013,93(1):1-11.
[16]周龙,龙光强,汤利,等.综合产量和土壤N2O排放的马铃薯施氮量分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(2):155-161.
[17]孙英杰,吴昊,王亚楠.硝化反硝化过程中N2O释放影响因素[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(2):384-388.
[18]徐华,邢光喜,蔡祖聪,等.土壤水分状况和质地对稻田N2O排放的影响[J].土壤学报,2000(4):499-505
[19]陈冠雄,黄国宏,黄斌,等.稻田CH4和N2O的排放及养萍和施肥的影响[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(4):378-382.
[20]薛道信,张恒嘉,巴玉春,等.绿洲膜下滴灌调亏对马铃薯土壤环境及产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(3):229-238.
[2]周娜娜,张学军,秦亚兵,等.不同滴灌量和施氮量对马铃薯产量和品质的影响[J].土壤肥料,2004(6):11-12,16.
[3]Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC).Climate Change 2013:The physical science basis[R].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2013.
[4]UNEP.Drawing down N2O to protect climate and the Ozone Layer:A UNEP Synthesis Report,2013[R/OL].[2019-01-20].https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/66211/1/UNEPN2Oreport.pdf.
[5]王改玲,陈德立,李勇.土壤温度、水分和NH4+-N浓度对土壤硝化反应速度及N2O排放的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(1):1-6.
[6]丁军军,张薇,李玉中,等.不同灌溉量对华北平原菜地N2O排放及其来源的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(7):2269-2276.
[7]郭康军,侯玉芳,王立为,等.基于DNDC模型覆膜马铃薯N2O减排增产的优化施氮量研究[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(9):1658-1664.
[8]王凤新,康跃虎,刘士平.滴灌条件下马铃薯田的土壤水分调控方法[J].干旱地区农业研究,2003,21(1):27-30.
[9]王凤新,康跃虎,刘士平.滴灌与沟灌马铃薯覆膜效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(4):99-102.
[10]万伟帆,李斐,红梅,等.氮肥用量和脲酶抑制剂对滴灌马铃薯田氧化亚氮排放和氨挥发的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(3):693-702.
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008.
[12]黄涛.长期碳氮投入对土壤有机碳氮库及环境影响的机制[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.
[13]ZEBARTH B J,SNOWDON E,BURTON D L,et al.Controlled release fertilizer product effects on potato crop response and nitrous oxide emissions under rain-fed production on a medium-textured soil[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2012,92(5):759-769.
[14]VALLEJO A,SKIBA U M,GARCIATORRES L,et al.Nitrogen oxides emission from soils bearing a potato crop as influenced by fertilization with treated pig slurries and composts[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2006,38(9):2782-2793.
[15]GAO X P,TENUTA M,NELSON A,et al.Effect of nitrogen fertilizer rate on nitrous oxide emission from irrigated potato on a clay loam soil in Manitoba,Canada[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2013,93(1):1-11.
[16]周龙,龙光强,汤利,等.综合产量和土壤N2O排放的马铃薯施氮量分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(2):155-161.
[17]孙英杰,吴昊,王亚楠.硝化反硝化过程中N2O释放影响因素[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(2):384-388.
[18]徐华,邢光喜,蔡祖聪,等.土壤水分状况和质地对稻田N2O排放的影响[J].土壤学报,2000(4):499-505
[19]陈冠雄,黄国宏,黄斌,等.稻田CH4和N2O的排放及养萍和施肥的影响[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(4):378-382.
[20]薛道信,张恒嘉,巴玉春,等.绿洲膜下滴灌调亏对马铃薯土壤环境及产量的影响[J].华北农学报,2017,32(3):229-238.