摘要
鱼骨油是三文鱼加工的副产物。采用溶剂法提取三文鱼鱼骨油,通过优化溶剂种类、料液比、水浴时间、水浴温度和提取次数五个单因素,发现料液比、水浴时间和水浴温度三个因素对三文鱼鱼骨油粗得率影响较为显著(p <0.05)。之后通过响应面优化实验得出提取三文鱼鱼骨油的最佳工艺参数是:液料比15∶1 mL/g、水浴时间1.63 h、水浴温度60℃,此条件下三文鱼鱼骨中鱼油实际粗得率为22.62±0.22%。最后,经气相色谱法测定三文鱼鱼骨油的脂肪酸组成发现,鱼骨油中富含不饱和脂肪酸(Unsaturated fatty acid,UFA),相对含量高达70.77%,其中单不饱和脂肪酸(Monounsaturated fatty acid,SFA)主要由油酸(Oleic acid,C_(18):1_(n-9))和棕榈油酸(9-Hexadecenoic acid,C_(16):1_(n-9))组成,占脂肪酸相对含量的33.26%,多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA)相对含量为37.51%,主要为二十碳五烯酸(Eicosapntemacnioc acid,EPA)14.59%、α-亚麻酸(麻酸Linolenic acid,ALA)13.41%、二十二碳六烯酸(Docose Hexaenoie Acid,DHA)5.41%, n-3 PUFA占总脂肪酸相对含量的33.41%,饱和脂肪酸(Saturated fatty acid,SFA)成分是棕榈酸(palmitic acid,C_(16):0),相对含量仅为29.22%。综上,三文鱼鱼骨油不仅具有良好的油脂提取效率,在脂肪酸组成方面也具备良好的营养价值及经济效应。
Bone oil is a byproduct of salmon processing. In this paper,the solvent method was used to extract crude salmon bone oil. By optimizing the solvent type,the ratio of material to liquid,the time of water bath,the temperature of water bath and the times of extraction,the ratio of material to liquid were obtained. The three influencing factors of ratio of material to liquid,water bath time and water bath temperature were significant(p < 0.05). Then the response surface method was applied and the optimum technological parameters of oil extracting were obtained as follows :the ratio of liquid to material 15∶1 mL/g,water bath time 1.63 h,and water bath temperature 60℃. Under the above conditions,the actual maximum yield of crude salmon bone oil was 22.62±0.22%. Finally,the fatty acid composition of salmon bone oil was determined by gas chromatography. The relative content of unsaturated fatty acid is as high as 70.77%. The relative content of monounsaturated fatty acid is 33.26%,and is mainly composed of oleic acid( C_(18) :1_(n-9))and 9-Hexadecenoic acid( C_(16) :1_(n-9)). The relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids is 37.51%,with eicosapntemacnioc acid( EPA)(14.59%),α-linolenic acid( ALA)(13.41%)and docose hexaenoie Acid( DHA)(5.41%). The content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid PUFA is 33.41%. The content of saturated fatty acids is palmitic acid( C_(16) :0),with a relative content of 29.22%. The results show that salmon bone oil does not only have good extraction rate,but also has good nutritional value and economic value.
引文
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