三文鱼鱼骨油粗提工艺优化及脂肪酸组成分析
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摘要
鱼骨油是三文鱼加工的副产物。采用溶剂法提取三文鱼鱼骨油,通过优化溶剂种类、料液比、水浴时间、水浴温度和提取次数五个单因素,发现料液比、水浴时间和水浴温度三个因素对三文鱼鱼骨油粗得率影响较为显著(p <0.05)。之后通过响应面优化实验得出提取三文鱼鱼骨油的最佳工艺参数是:液料比15∶1 mL/g、水浴时间1.63 h、水浴温度60℃,此条件下三文鱼鱼骨中鱼油实际粗得率为22.62±0.22%。最后,经气相色谱法测定三文鱼鱼骨油的脂肪酸组成发现,鱼骨油中富含不饱和脂肪酸(Unsaturated fatty acid,UFA),相对含量高达70.77%,其中单不饱和脂肪酸(Monounsaturated fatty acid,SFA)主要由油酸(Oleic acid,C_(18):1_(n-9))和棕榈油酸(9-Hexadecenoic acid,C_(16):1_(n-9))组成,占脂肪酸相对含量的33.26%,多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA)相对含量为37.51%,主要为二十碳五烯酸(Eicosapntemacnioc acid,EPA)14.59%、α-亚麻酸(麻酸Linolenic acid,ALA)13.41%、二十二碳六烯酸(Docose Hexaenoie Acid,DHA)5.41%, n-3 PUFA占总脂肪酸相对含量的33.41%,饱和脂肪酸(Saturated fatty acid,SFA)成分是棕榈酸(palmitic acid,C_(16):0),相对含量仅为29.22%。综上,三文鱼鱼骨油不仅具有良好的油脂提取效率,在脂肪酸组成方面也具备良好的营养价值及经济效应。
Bone oil is a byproduct of salmon processing. In this paper,the solvent method was used to extract crude salmon bone oil. By optimizing the solvent type,the ratio of material to liquid,the time of water bath,the temperature of water bath and the times of extraction,the ratio of material to liquid were obtained. The three influencing factors of ratio of material to liquid,water bath time and water bath temperature were significant(p < 0.05). Then the response surface method was applied and the optimum technological parameters of oil extracting were obtained as follows :the ratio of liquid to material 15∶1 mL/g,water bath time 1.63 h,and water bath temperature 60℃. Under the above conditions,the actual maximum yield of crude salmon bone oil was 22.62±0.22%. Finally,the fatty acid composition of salmon bone oil was determined by gas chromatography. The relative content of unsaturated fatty acid is as high as 70.77%. The relative content of monounsaturated fatty acid is 33.26%,and is mainly composed of oleic acid( C_(18) :1_(n-9))and 9-Hexadecenoic acid( C_(16) :1_(n-9)). The relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids is 37.51%,with eicosapntemacnioc acid( EPA)(14.59%),α-linolenic acid( ALA)(13.41%)and docose hexaenoie Acid( DHA)(5.41%). The content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid PUFA is 33.41%. The content of saturated fatty acids is palmitic acid( C_(16) :0),with a relative content of 29.22%. The results show that salmon bone oil does not only have good extraction rate,but also has good nutritional value and economic value.
Bone oil is a byproduct of salmon processing. In this paper,the solvent method was used to extract crude salmon bone oil. By optimizing the solvent type,the ratio of material to liquid,the time of water bath,the temperature of water bath and the times of extraction,the ratio of material to liquid were obtained. The three influencing factors of ratio of material to liquid,water bath time and water bath temperature were significant(p < 0.05). Then the response surface method was applied and the optimum technological parameters of oil extracting were obtained as follows :the ratio of liquid to material 15∶1 mL/g,water bath time 1.63 h,and water bath temperature 60℃. Under the above conditions,the actual maximum yield of crude salmon bone oil was 22.62±0.22%. Finally,the fatty acid composition of salmon bone oil was determined by gas chromatography. The relative content of unsaturated fatty acid is as high as 70.77%. The relative content of monounsaturated fatty acid is 33.26%,and is mainly composed of oleic acid( C_(18) :1_(n-9))and 9-Hexadecenoic acid( C_(16) :1_(n-9)). The relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids is 37.51%,with eicosapntemacnioc acid( EPA)(14.59%),α-linolenic acid( ALA)(13.41%)and docose hexaenoie Acid( DHA)(5.41%). The content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid PUFA is 33.41%. The content of saturated fatty acids is palmitic acid( C_(16) :0),with a relative content of 29.22%. The results show that salmon bone oil does not only have good extraction rate,but also has good nutritional value and economic value.
引文
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[23]王迎春,王金华.ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对肿瘤细胞侵袭转移的影响及机制研究进展[J].肿瘤学杂志,2016,22(3):236-241.
[24]刘睿杰,王莉梅,常明,等.n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例对HepG2细胞脂代谢的影响[J].现代食品科技,2017,33(1):1-7.
[25]SUN S N,JIA W D,CHEN H,et al.Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells[J].International Journal of Clinical&Experimental Pathology,2013,6(2):281-289.
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[28]MANNI A,XU H,WASHINGTON S,et al.The impact of fish oil on the chemopreventive efficacy of tamoxifen against development of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis[J].Cancer Prevention Research,2010,3(3):322.DOI:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0173.
[29]韦娜.膳食中不同n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸构成对乳腺癌发生发展的影响及分子机制研究[D].重庆:第三军医大学,2006.
[2]刘汝萃,王彩华,肖晶,等.鱼油的提取、富集与应用研究进展[J].粮食与食品工业,2017,24(5):5-8.
[3]王彩理,王志勇,高淳任,等.我国三文鱼养殖品种开发简述[J].海洋与渔业,2014(1):44-47.
[4]张振东,王建波,李利冬,等.当前我国三文鱼产业发展机遇探析[J].中国渔业经济,2017,35(1):28-33.
[5]金青哲,逯良忠,王兴国,等.海洋鱼油的生产与应用[J].中国油脂,2011,36(8):1-5.
[6]Ferreira E Dias F,Romanini C V,Oliveira J N,et al.Fish oil provides a sustained antiamnesic effect after acute,transient forebrain ischemia but not after chronic cerebral hypoperfusio n in middle-aged rats[J].Behavioural Brain Research.2014,265(15):101-110.
[7]曹璇,申铉日.超声波辅助稀碱水解法提取金鲳鱼骨油的工艺优化与脂肪酸组成分析[J].食品科学,2017,38(18):280-285.
[8]张娅,金凤,郭子璇,等.气相色谱-质谱联用鉴定基于水酶法制备的虹鳟鱼骨油组分[J].分析化学,2017,45(7):1045-1051.
[9]王亚男,徐茂琴,季晓敏,等.分子蒸馏富集金枪鱼鱼油ω-3脂肪酸的研究[J].中国食品学报,2014,14(7):52-58.
[10]Cascant M M,Breil Cassandra,Fabiano-Tixier A S,et al.Determination of fatty acids and lipid classes in salmon oil by near infrared spectroscopy[J].Food Chemistry,2018,239(1):865-871.
[11]慕鸿雁,金青哲,李晓,等.三文鱼油中多不饱和脂肪酸的富集与纯化[J].中国油脂,2016,41(8):49-53.
[12]王海磊,罗庆华,黄美娥.鱼油的提取方法及精制工艺探讨[J].湖南农业科学,2012(17):99-102.
[13]G?owacz-Ró?yńska A,Tyne M,Malinowska-Pańczyk E,et al.Comparison of oil yield and quality obtained by different extraction procedures from salmon(Salmo salar)processing by products[J].European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology.2016,118(11):1759-1767.
[14]Haq M;Ahmed R;Cho Y,et al.Quality properties and biopotentiality of edible oils from atlantic salmon by-products extracted by supercritial carbon dioxide and conventional methods[J].Waste and Biomass Valorization,2017,8(6):1953-1967.
[15]Haq M,Park S K,Kim M J,et al.Modifications of Atlantic salmon by-product oil for obtaining different u-3polyunsaturated fatty acids concentrates:An approach to comparative analysis[J].Journal of food and drug analysis,2018,26(2):545-556.
[16]李启艳,谢强胜,刁飞燕,等.鱼油的化学成分及其药理活性研究进展[J].药物分析杂志,2016,36(7):1157-1161.
[17]Xue S,He Z F,Xiao X,et al.Effect of different cooking methods on the composition and nutritional valve of intramuscular fatty acids of Hyla rabbit[J].Korean journal for food science of animal resources.2016,32(2):170-177.
[18]薛山.伊拉兔肌内磷脂脂肪酸动态变化与功能特性研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2015.
[19]杨慧强,白新鹏,李幼梅,等.超声波-微波协同萃取黄秋葵籽油的工艺研究[J].食品科技,2016,41(1):233-238.
[20]曹璇,申铉日.超声波辅助稀碱水解法提取金鲳鱼骨油的工艺优化与脂肪酸组成分析[J].食品科学,2017,38(18):280-285.
[21]刁全平,侯冬岩,回瑞华,等.三文鱼脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱分析[J].食品科学,2008,29(12):547-548.
[22]FERLAY J,SHIN H R,BRAY F,et al.Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008:GLOBOCAN 2008[J].International Journal of Cancer,2010,127(12):2893-2917.
[23]王迎春,王金华.ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸对肿瘤细胞侵袭转移的影响及机制研究进展[J].肿瘤学杂志,2016,22(3):236-241.
[24]刘睿杰,王莉梅,常明,等.n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例对HepG2细胞脂代谢的影响[J].现代食品科技,2017,33(1):1-7.
[25]SUN S N,JIA W D,CHEN H,et al.Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells[J].International Journal of Clinical&Experimental Pathology,2013,6(2):281-289.
[26]LENG X L,KINNUN J J,CAVAZOS A T,et al.All n-3PUFA are not the same:MD simulations reveal differences in membrane organization for EPA,DHA and DPA[J].Biochimica et Biophysica Acta(BBA)-Biomembranes,2 0 1 8,1 8 6 0(5):1 1 2 5-1 1 3 4.D o i:o r g/1 0.1 0 1 6/j.bbamem.2018.01.002.
[27]李世伟,马怀幸,李苏宜.ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸治疗癌性恶病质系统评价及荟萃分析[J].肠外与肠内营养,2017,24(1):28-32.DOI:10.16151/j.1007-810x.2017.01.008.
[28]MANNI A,XU H,WASHINGTON S,et al.The impact of fish oil on the chemopreventive efficacy of tamoxifen against development of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis[J].Cancer Prevention Research,2010,3(3):322.DOI:10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-09-0173.
[29]韦娜.膳食中不同n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸构成对乳腺癌发生发展的影响及分子机制研究[D].重庆:第三军医大学,2006.