金沙江下游圆口铜鱼生境适宜度曲线的构建
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摘要
金沙江下游的水电梯级开发对长江上游重要特有鱼类圆口铜鱼的自然栖息生境造成了严重影响,开展生境恢复是保护其资源的重要手段之一。为获得圆口铜鱼的生境恢复目标,构建圆口铜鱼不同生活史阶段对关键环境因子的适宜度曲线具有重要意义。基于2012—2014年5—7月在金沙江下游宜宾、巧家和皎平渡断面的早期资源采样结果,以及2016年5—7月在金沙江下游攀枝花至金阳干流江段的野外个体采集和栖息地生境调查结构,分别构建了圆口铜鱼亲鱼和幼鱼群体对水温、水深、流速和底质类型的适宜度曲线,结果显示:圆口铜鱼亲鱼的最适繁殖水温范围为20—25.2℃,最适栖息水深为1.2—11.5 m,最适栖息流速为0.2—1.3 m/s,最适栖息底质类型为小型卵石、大型卵石和巨石,而圆口铜鱼幼鱼栖息的最适水温范围为19.8—25.4℃,最适水深为0.4—3.95 m,最适流速为0.1—0.7 m/s,最适底质类型为细小砾石、中型砾石、大型砾石、小型卵石和大型卵石。上述结果不仅能够为水电工程影响下关键鱼类生境质量评价提供基础数据支撑,而且能够为鱼类生境保护和修复政策制定提供科学依据。
Coreius guichenoti is an important endemic fish species in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River. Due to the cascade hydropower development, its nature habitats suffered serious impacts. It is urgent to protect its habitat and restore its population resources. In order to obtain habitat restoration goals, obtaining the key environmental factors and forming the suitability curves for the different life history stages of C. guichenoti are very important. In this study, we sampled the eggs in the Yibin, Qiaojia and Jiaopingdu sections from May to July in 2012-2014, and collected filed individual and surveyed the habitat in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River(from Panzhihua to Jinyang) during the period from May to July in 2016. Based on these data, we set up the suitability curves of water temperature, water depth, velocity and substratum type for the parent individuals of C. guichenoti and its juveniles. The results showed that for adults(1) the range of the optimum breeding water temperature was 20-25.2 ℃,(2) the range of the most suitable habitat depth was 1.2—11.5 m,(3) the range of the most suitable velocity was 0.2-1.3 m·s~(-1), and(4) the most suitable substratum types were small stones, large stones and boulders. For the juveniles(1) the optimum temperature range was 19.8-25.4 ℃,(2)the optimum depth range was 0.4—3.95 m,(3) the optimal velocity range was 0.1—0.7 m·s~(-1), and(4) the most suitable types of substratum were fine gravel, medium gravel, large gravel, small stones and large stones. This study not only can provide basic data for the habitat quality assessment of the critical fish species under the influences of hydropower projects, but also can provide a scientific basis for the policy formulation of fish habitat protection and restoration.
Coreius guichenoti is an important endemic fish species in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River. Due to the cascade hydropower development, its nature habitats suffered serious impacts. It is urgent to protect its habitat and restore its population resources. In order to obtain habitat restoration goals, obtaining the key environmental factors and forming the suitability curves for the different life history stages of C. guichenoti are very important. In this study, we sampled the eggs in the Yibin, Qiaojia and Jiaopingdu sections from May to July in 2012-2014, and collected filed individual and surveyed the habitat in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River(from Panzhihua to Jinyang) during the period from May to July in 2016. Based on these data, we set up the suitability curves of water temperature, water depth, velocity and substratum type for the parent individuals of C. guichenoti and its juveniles. The results showed that for adults(1) the range of the optimum breeding water temperature was 20-25.2 ℃,(2) the range of the most suitable habitat depth was 1.2—11.5 m,(3) the range of the most suitable velocity was 0.2-1.3 m·s~(-1), and(4) the most suitable substratum types were small stones, large stones and boulders. For the juveniles(1) the optimum temperature range was 19.8-25.4 ℃,(2)the optimum depth range was 0.4—3.95 m,(3) the optimal velocity range was 0.1—0.7 m·s~(-1), and(4) the most suitable types of substratum were fine gravel, medium gravel, large gravel, small stones and large stones. This study not only can provide basic data for the habitat quality assessment of the critical fish species under the influences of hydropower projects, but also can provide a scientific basis for the policy formulation of fish habitat protection and restoration.
引文
[1]ZHU Di,CHANG Jianbo.Annual variations of biotic integrity in the upper Yangtze River using an adapted index of biotic integrity(IBI)[J].Ecological Indicators,2008,8(5):564–572.
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[4]LAU J K,LAUER T E,WEINMAN M L.Impacts of channelization on stream habitats and associated fish assemblages in east Central Indiana[J].American Midland Naturalist,2006,156(2):319–330.
[5]曹文宣.长江鱼类资源的现状与保护对策[J].江西水产科技,2011,2:1–4.
[6]KIME D E.The effects of pollution on reproduction in fish[J].Reviews in Fish Biology&Fisheries,1995,5(1):52–95.
[7]黄亮亮,李建华,鹿野雄一,等.东苕溪中下游内河航运对鱼类群落的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(5):30–37.
[8]CHENG Fei,LI Wei,CASTELLO L,et al.Potential effects of dam cascade on fish:lessons from the Yangtze River[J].Reviews in Fish Biology&Fisheries,2015,25(3):1–17.
[9]高少波,唐会元,乔晔,等.金沙江下游干流鱼类资源现状研究[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(1):44–49.
[10]杨志,唐会元,朱迪,等.金沙江干流攀枝花江段鱼类种类组成和群落结构研究[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(5):43–51.
[11]唐会元,杨志,高少波,等.金沙江中游圆口铜鱼早期资源现状[J].四川动物,2012,31(3):416–421.
[12]张轶超.大坝建设对长江上游圆口铜鱼和长鳍吻鮈自然繁殖的影响[D].武汉:中国科学院水生生物研究所,2009:21–52.
[13]程鹏.长江上游圆口铜鱼的生物学研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008:12–21.
[14]杨少荣,马宝珊,孔焰,等.三峡库区木洞江段圆口铜鱼幼鱼的生长特征及资源保护[J].长江流域资源与环境,19(Z2):52–57.
[15]李晓东,危兆盖,黄照,等.长江珍稀特有鱼类圆口铜鱼人工驯养繁殖成功[J].水产科技情报,2014(5):268–269.
[16]李斌,王志坚,杨洁萍,等.三峡库区干流鱼类食物网动态及季节性变化[J].水产学报,2013,37(7):1015–1022.
[17]易雨君,程曦,周静.栖息地适宜度评价方法研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(5):887–893.
[18]SCHNEIDER M,NOACK M,GEBLER T,et al.Handbook for the Habitat Simulation Model.Casimir.Module Casimir-Fish.Base version[M].Institut fur Wasserbau,Universitat Stuttgart,2010:12.
[19]COON T G.Development and evaluation of alternative habitat suitability criteria for brook trout[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1997,126(1):65–76.
[20]FUKUDA S,BAETS B D,WAEGEMAN W,et al.Habitat prediction and knowledge extraction for spawning European grayling(Thymallus thymallus L.)using a broad range of species distribution models[J].Environmental Modelling&Software,2013,47(2):1–6.
[21]MUNOZ-MAS R,MARTINEZ-CAPEL F,SCHNEIDER M,et al.Assessment of brown trout habitat suitability in the Jucar River Basin(SPAIN):Comparison of data-driven approaches with fuzzy-logic models and univariate suitability curves[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,440(3):123–131.
[22]李建,夏自强,戴会超,等.三峡初期蓄水对典型鱼类栖息地适宜性的影响[J].水利学报,2013,39(8):892–900.
[23]康鑫,张远,张楠,等.太子河洛氏鱥幼鱼栖息地适宜度评估[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(3):310–320.
[24]欧晓昆,金振洲.金沙江干热河谷植物区系和生态多样性的初步研究[J].植物科学学报,1996,14(4):318–322.
[25]曹文宣,常剑波,乔晔,等.长江鱼类早期资源[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[26]余志堂,周春生,邓中粦,等.葛洲坝水利枢纽工程程截流的长江四大家鱼产卵场[C]//中国鱼类学会,鱼类学论文集(第四辑)[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:1–11.
[27]陶江平,乔晔,杨志,等.葛洲坝产卵场中华鲟繁殖群体数量与繁殖规模估算及其变动趋势分析[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(2):37–43.
[28]VAYGHAN A H,POORBAGHER H,SHAHRAIYNI H T,et al.Suitability indices and habitat suitability index model of Caspian kutum(Rutilus frisii kutum)in the southern Caspian Sea[J].Aquatic Ecology,2013,47(4):441–451.
[29]WANG Fei,LIN Binliang.Modelling habitat suitability for fish in the fluvial and lacustrine regions of a new Eco-City[J].Ecological Modelling,2013,267:115–126.
[30]文良印,谭玉钧.水温对草鱼鱼种摄食,生长和死亡的影响[J].水产学报,1998,22(4):371–374.
[31]WANG Junna,LI Chong,DUAN Xinbin,et al.Variation in the significant environmental factors affecting larval abundance of four major Chinese carp species:fish spawning response to the Three Gorges Dam[J].Freshwater Biology,2014,59(7):1343–1360.
[32]HIGHTOWER J E,RAABE J K,DREW C A,et al.A Bayesian spawning habitat suitability model for American shad in southeastern United States rivers[J].Journal of Fish&Wildlife Management,2012,3(2):184–198.
[33]GREGORY E S,CHRIS J J,SHRIMPTON J.M.Temperature and flow effects on migration timing of Chinook salmon smolts[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2009,138(6):1252–1265.
[34]殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:180–185.
[35]OSMUNDSON D B,RYEL R J,LAMARRA V L,et al.Flow-sediment-biota relations:implications for river regulation effects on native fish abundance[J].Ecological Applications,2002,12(6):1719–1739.
[36]刘乐和,吴国犀,王志玲.葛洲坝水利枢纽兴建后长江干流铜鱼和圆口铜鱼的繁殖生态[J].水生生物学报,1990,14(3):205–215.
[37]DAUFRESNE M,VESLOT J,CAPRA H,et al.Fish community dynamics(1985–2010)in multiple reaches of a large river subjected to flow restoration and other environmental changes[J].Freshwater Biology,2015,60(6):1176–1191.
[38]RIEDL C,PETER A.Timing of brown trout spawning in Alpine rivers with special consideration of egg burial depth[J].Ecology of Freshwater Fish,2013,22(3):384–397.
[39]MARY C F,ZACHARY H.B,JOHNIE H C.Transferability of habitat suitability criteria for fishes in warm water streams[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1997,17(1):20–31.
[40]HARVEY B C,STEWART A J.Fish size and habitat depth relationships in headwater streams[J].Oecologia,1991,87(3):336–342.
[2]HOLMLUND C M,HAMMER M.Ecosystem services generated by fish populations[J].Ecological Economics,1999,29(2):253–268.
[3]DEJALON D G,SANCHEZ P.Downstream effects of a new hydropower impoundment on macrophyte,macroinvertebrate and fish communities[J].Regulated Rivers:Research and Management,1994,9(4):253–261.
[4]LAU J K,LAUER T E,WEINMAN M L.Impacts of channelization on stream habitats and associated fish assemblages in east Central Indiana[J].American Midland Naturalist,2006,156(2):319–330.
[5]曹文宣.长江鱼类资源的现状与保护对策[J].江西水产科技,2011,2:1–4.
[6]KIME D E.The effects of pollution on reproduction in fish[J].Reviews in Fish Biology&Fisheries,1995,5(1):52–95.
[7]黄亮亮,李建华,鹿野雄一,等.东苕溪中下游内河航运对鱼类群落的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(5):30–37.
[8]CHENG Fei,LI Wei,CASTELLO L,et al.Potential effects of dam cascade on fish:lessons from the Yangtze River[J].Reviews in Fish Biology&Fisheries,2015,25(3):1–17.
[9]高少波,唐会元,乔晔,等.金沙江下游干流鱼类资源现状研究[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(1):44–49.
[10]杨志,唐会元,朱迪,等.金沙江干流攀枝花江段鱼类种类组成和群落结构研究[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(5):43–51.
[11]唐会元,杨志,高少波,等.金沙江中游圆口铜鱼早期资源现状[J].四川动物,2012,31(3):416–421.
[12]张轶超.大坝建设对长江上游圆口铜鱼和长鳍吻鮈自然繁殖的影响[D].武汉:中国科学院水生生物研究所,2009:21–52.
[13]程鹏.长江上游圆口铜鱼的生物学研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008:12–21.
[14]杨少荣,马宝珊,孔焰,等.三峡库区木洞江段圆口铜鱼幼鱼的生长特征及资源保护[J].长江流域资源与环境,19(Z2):52–57.
[15]李晓东,危兆盖,黄照,等.长江珍稀特有鱼类圆口铜鱼人工驯养繁殖成功[J].水产科技情报,2014(5):268–269.
[16]李斌,王志坚,杨洁萍,等.三峡库区干流鱼类食物网动态及季节性变化[J].水产学报,2013,37(7):1015–1022.
[17]易雨君,程曦,周静.栖息地适宜度评价方法研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(5):887–893.
[18]SCHNEIDER M,NOACK M,GEBLER T,et al.Handbook for the Habitat Simulation Model.Casimir.Module Casimir-Fish.Base version[M].Institut fur Wasserbau,Universitat Stuttgart,2010:12.
[19]COON T G.Development and evaluation of alternative habitat suitability criteria for brook trout[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1997,126(1):65–76.
[20]FUKUDA S,BAETS B D,WAEGEMAN W,et al.Habitat prediction and knowledge extraction for spawning European grayling(Thymallus thymallus L.)using a broad range of species distribution models[J].Environmental Modelling&Software,2013,47(2):1–6.
[21]MUNOZ-MAS R,MARTINEZ-CAPEL F,SCHNEIDER M,et al.Assessment of brown trout habitat suitability in the Jucar River Basin(SPAIN):Comparison of data-driven approaches with fuzzy-logic models and univariate suitability curves[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,440(3):123–131.
[22]李建,夏自强,戴会超,等.三峡初期蓄水对典型鱼类栖息地适宜性的影响[J].水利学报,2013,39(8):892–900.
[23]康鑫,张远,张楠,等.太子河洛氏鱥幼鱼栖息地适宜度评估[J].生态毒理学报,2011,6(3):310–320.
[24]欧晓昆,金振洲.金沙江干热河谷植物区系和生态多样性的初步研究[J].植物科学学报,1996,14(4):318–322.
[25]曹文宣,常剑波,乔晔,等.长江鱼类早期资源[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[26]余志堂,周春生,邓中粦,等.葛洲坝水利枢纽工程程截流的长江四大家鱼产卵场[C]//中国鱼类学会,鱼类学论文集(第四辑)[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:1–11.
[27]陶江平,乔晔,杨志,等.葛洲坝产卵场中华鲟繁殖群体数量与繁殖规模估算及其变动趋势分析[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(2):37–43.
[28]VAYGHAN A H,POORBAGHER H,SHAHRAIYNI H T,et al.Suitability indices and habitat suitability index model of Caspian kutum(Rutilus frisii kutum)in the southern Caspian Sea[J].Aquatic Ecology,2013,47(4):441–451.
[29]WANG Fei,LIN Binliang.Modelling habitat suitability for fish in the fluvial and lacustrine regions of a new Eco-City[J].Ecological Modelling,2013,267:115–126.
[30]文良印,谭玉钧.水温对草鱼鱼种摄食,生长和死亡的影响[J].水产学报,1998,22(4):371–374.
[31]WANG Junna,LI Chong,DUAN Xinbin,et al.Variation in the significant environmental factors affecting larval abundance of four major Chinese carp species:fish spawning response to the Three Gorges Dam[J].Freshwater Biology,2014,59(7):1343–1360.
[32]HIGHTOWER J E,RAABE J K,DREW C A,et al.A Bayesian spawning habitat suitability model for American shad in southeastern United States rivers[J].Journal of Fish&Wildlife Management,2012,3(2):184–198.
[33]GREGORY E S,CHRIS J J,SHRIMPTON J.M.Temperature and flow effects on migration timing of Chinook salmon smolts[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,2009,138(6):1252–1265.
[34]殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995:180–185.
[35]OSMUNDSON D B,RYEL R J,LAMARRA V L,et al.Flow-sediment-biota relations:implications for river regulation effects on native fish abundance[J].Ecological Applications,2002,12(6):1719–1739.
[36]刘乐和,吴国犀,王志玲.葛洲坝水利枢纽兴建后长江干流铜鱼和圆口铜鱼的繁殖生态[J].水生生物学报,1990,14(3):205–215.
[37]DAUFRESNE M,VESLOT J,CAPRA H,et al.Fish community dynamics(1985–2010)in multiple reaches of a large river subjected to flow restoration and other environmental changes[J].Freshwater Biology,2015,60(6):1176–1191.
[38]RIEDL C,PETER A.Timing of brown trout spawning in Alpine rivers with special consideration of egg burial depth[J].Ecology of Freshwater Fish,2013,22(3):384–397.
[39]MARY C F,ZACHARY H.B,JOHNIE H C.Transferability of habitat suitability criteria for fishes in warm water streams[J].North American Journal of Fisheries Management,1997,17(1):20–31.
[40]HARVEY B C,STEWART A J.Fish size and habitat depth relationships in headwater streams[J].Oecologia,1991,87(3):336–342.