中国碳青霉烯耐药革兰阴性杆菌(CRO)感染预防与控制技术指引
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摘要
<正>多重耐药菌(Multi-drug Resistent Organisms,MDRO)是指对临床使用的三类或三类以上抗菌药物同时呈现耐药的细菌,其中最需要关注碳青霉烯耐药革兰阴性杆菌(Carbapenem-resistant Organism,CRO),主要包括碳青霉烯耐药肠杆菌科细菌(Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae,CRE)、碳青霉烯耐药鲍曼不动杆菌(Carbapenem-resistant
引文
[1]Tacconelli E,Carrara E,Savoldi A,et al.Discovery,research,and development of new antibiotics:the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2018,18(3):318-327.
[2]胡付品,郭燕,朱德妹,等,2016年中国CHINET细菌耐药性监测[J].中国感染与化疗杂志,2017,17(5):7-17.
[3]周华,周建英,俞云松.多重耐药革兰阴性杆菌感染诊治专家共识解读[J].中华内科杂志.2014,53(12):984-987.
[4]徐英春,肖永红,卓超,等.中国碳青霉烯类耐药肠杆菌科细菌的流行病学和防控策略[J].中国执业药师.2013,10(4):3-8.
[5]Tomczyk S,Zanichelli V,Grayson ML,et al.Control of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae,Acinetobacter baumannii,and Pseudomonas aeruginosain healthcare facilities:a systematic review and reanalysis of quasi-experimental studies[J].Clin Infect Dis,2019,68(5):873-884.
[6]Gu D,Dong N,Zheng Z,et al.A fatal outbreak of ST11carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Chinese hospital:a molecular epidemiological study[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2018,18(1):37-46.
[7]Bartsch SM,McKinnell JA,Mueller LE,et al.Potential economic burden of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE)in the United States[J].Clin Microbiol Infect,2017,23(1):48.e9-48.e16.
[8]Huang W,Qiao F,Zhang Y,et al.In-hospital medical costs of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae[J].Clin Infect Dis,2018,67(suppl_2):S225-S230.
[9]WHO Guidelines:Guidelines for the prevention and control of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae,Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosain health care facilities,2017.
[10]国家卫生计生委办公厅.国家卫生计生委办公厅关于进一步加强抗菌药物临床应用管理遏制细菌耐药的通知.2017.http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7659/201703/d2f580480cef4ab1b976542b550f36cf.shtml
[11]国家卫生健康委办公厅.国家卫生健康委办公厅关于持续做好抗菌药物临床应用管理工作的通知.2019.http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7659/201903/1d487eb7b7c74abc9fcb104f8b0905f2.shtml.
[12]国家卫生计生委医政医管局.国家卫生计生委办公厅关于进一步加强抗菌药物临床应用管理遏制细菌耐药的通知.2018.http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7659/201703/d2f580480cef4ab1b976542b550f36cf.shtml.
[13]US Department of Health and Human Services CDC.The core elements of human antibiotic stewardship programs in resource-limited settings:national and hospital levels.2018.https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/healthcare/implementation.html.
[14]中华人民共和国国家卫生与计划生育委员会.抗菌药物临床应用指导原则(2015版).
[15]Kengkla K,Kongpakwattana K,Saokaew S,et al.Comparative efficacy and safety of treatment options for MDR and XDRAcinetobacter baumannii infections:a systematic review and network meta-analysis[J].J Antimicrob Chemother,2018,73(1):22-32.
[16]Karaiskos I,Antoniadou A,Giamarellou H.Combination therapy for extensively-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria[J].Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther,2017,15(12):1123-1140.
[17]徐领城,王选锭.难治性感染治疗:不只是抗菌药物[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2018,27(3):233.
[18]黄勋,邓子德,倪语星,等.多重耐药菌医院感染预防与控制中国专家共识[J].中国感染控制杂志,2015,14(1):1-9.
[19]Hayden MK,Lin MY,Lolans K,et al.Prevention of colonization and infection by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemaseproducing Enterobacteriaceae in long-term acute-care hospitals[J].Clin Infect Dis,2015,60(8):1153-1161.
[20]Viale P,Tumietto F,Giannella M,et al.Impact of a hospital-wide multifaceted programme for reducing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in a large teaching hospital in northern Italy[J].Clin Microbiol Infect,2015,21(3):242-247.
[21]胡付品,朱德妹.医疗机构碳青霉烯类耐药肠杆菌科细菌感染防控指南简介[J].中国感染与化疗杂志,2018,18(3):97-101.
[22]Hota S,Hirji Z,Stockton K,et al.Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization and infection secondaryto imperfect intensive care unit room design[J].Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol,2009,30(1):25-33.
[23]Kotay S,Chai W,Guilford W,et al.Spread from the sink to the patient:in situ study using green fluorescent protein(GFP)-expressing Escherichia coli to model bacterial dispersion from hand-washing sink-trap reservoirs[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2017,83(8).pii:e03327-16.
[24]Magiorakos AP,Burns K,Rodriguez Bano J,et al.Infection prevention and control measures and tools for the prevention of entry of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae into healthcare settings:guidance from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control[J].Antimicrob Resist Infect Control,2017,6:113.
[25]中华医学会器官移植学分会,中华预防医学会医院感染控制学分会,复旦大学华山医院抗生素研究所.中国实体器官移植供者来源感染防控专家共识(2018版)[J].中华器官移植杂志,2018,39(1):41.
[26]Solter E,Adler A,Rubinovitch B,et al.Israeli national policy for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae screening,carrier isolation and discontinuation of isolation[J].Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol,2018,39(1):85-89.
[27]Acute trust toolkit for the early detection,management and control of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae.Public Health England 2014.https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/329232/CPE_Acute_Trust_Toolkit_Relevant_Literature_and_Resources.pdf
[28]Facility Guidance for Control of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE)-November 2015 Update CRE Toolkit.https://www.cdc.gov/hai/pdfs/cre/CRE-guidance-508.pdf
[29]Zimmerman FS,Assous MV,Bdolah-Abram T,et al.Duration of carriage of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae following hospital discharge[J].Am J Infect Control,2013,41(3):190-194.
[30]Haverkate MR,Weiner S,Lolans K,et al.Duration of colonization with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing bacteria at long-term acute care hospitals in Chicago,Illinois[J].Open Forum Infect Dis,2016,3(4):ofw178.
[31]中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会.病区医院感染管理规范WS/T 510[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会,2017-06-01.
[32]中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会.医院隔离技术规范WS/T311[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会,2009-12-01.
[33]中华人民共和国国务院.医疗废物管理条例[Z].北京:中华人民共和国国务院,2003-06-16.
[34]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.医疗机构环境表面清洁与消毒管理规范WS/T 512[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,2016-12-27.
[35]Wilson AP,Livermore DM,Otter JA,et al.Prevention and control of multi-drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria:recommendations from a Joint Working Party[J].J Hosp Infect,2016,92(Suppl 1):S1-44.
[36]Mitchell BG,Hall L,White N,et al.An environmental cleaning bundle and health-care-associated infections in hospitals(REACH):a multicentre,randomised trial[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2019,19(4):410-418.
[37]Anderson DJ,Chen LF,Weber DJ,et al.Enhanced terminal room disinfection and acquisition and infection caused by multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile(the Benefits of Enhanced Terminal Room Disinfection study):a cluster-randomised,multicentre,crossover study[J].Lancet,2017,389(10071):805-814.
[38]Rutala WA,Weber DJ.Selection of the ideal disinfectant[J].Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol,2014,35(7):855-865.
[39]Ling ML,Apisarnthanarak A,Thu le TA,et al.APSIC Guidelines for environmental cleaning and decontamination[J].Antimicrob Resist Infect Control,2015,4:58.
[2]胡付品,郭燕,朱德妹,等,2016年中国CHINET细菌耐药性监测[J].中国感染与化疗杂志,2017,17(5):7-17.
[3]周华,周建英,俞云松.多重耐药革兰阴性杆菌感染诊治专家共识解读[J].中华内科杂志.2014,53(12):984-987.
[4]徐英春,肖永红,卓超,等.中国碳青霉烯类耐药肠杆菌科细菌的流行病学和防控策略[J].中国执业药师.2013,10(4):3-8.
[5]Tomczyk S,Zanichelli V,Grayson ML,et al.Control of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae,Acinetobacter baumannii,and Pseudomonas aeruginosain healthcare facilities:a systematic review and reanalysis of quasi-experimental studies[J].Clin Infect Dis,2019,68(5):873-884.
[6]Gu D,Dong N,Zheng Z,et al.A fatal outbreak of ST11carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Chinese hospital:a molecular epidemiological study[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2018,18(1):37-46.
[7]Bartsch SM,McKinnell JA,Mueller LE,et al.Potential economic burden of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE)in the United States[J].Clin Microbiol Infect,2017,23(1):48.e9-48.e16.
[8]Huang W,Qiao F,Zhang Y,et al.In-hospital medical costs of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae[J].Clin Infect Dis,2018,67(suppl_2):S225-S230.
[9]WHO Guidelines:Guidelines for the prevention and control of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae,Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosain health care facilities,2017.
[10]国家卫生计生委办公厅.国家卫生计生委办公厅关于进一步加强抗菌药物临床应用管理遏制细菌耐药的通知.2017.http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7659/201703/d2f580480cef4ab1b976542b550f36cf.shtml
[11]国家卫生健康委办公厅.国家卫生健康委办公厅关于持续做好抗菌药物临床应用管理工作的通知.2019.http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7659/201903/1d487eb7b7c74abc9fcb104f8b0905f2.shtml.
[12]国家卫生计生委医政医管局.国家卫生计生委办公厅关于进一步加强抗菌药物临床应用管理遏制细菌耐药的通知.2018.http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7659/201703/d2f580480cef4ab1b976542b550f36cf.shtml.
[13]US Department of Health and Human Services CDC.The core elements of human antibiotic stewardship programs in resource-limited settings:national and hospital levels.2018.https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/healthcare/implementation.html.
[14]中华人民共和国国家卫生与计划生育委员会.抗菌药物临床应用指导原则(2015版).
[15]Kengkla K,Kongpakwattana K,Saokaew S,et al.Comparative efficacy and safety of treatment options for MDR and XDRAcinetobacter baumannii infections:a systematic review and network meta-analysis[J].J Antimicrob Chemother,2018,73(1):22-32.
[16]Karaiskos I,Antoniadou A,Giamarellou H.Combination therapy for extensively-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria[J].Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther,2017,15(12):1123-1140.
[17]徐领城,王选锭.难治性感染治疗:不只是抗菌药物[J].中华急诊医学杂志,2018,27(3):233.
[18]黄勋,邓子德,倪语星,等.多重耐药菌医院感染预防与控制中国专家共识[J].中国感染控制杂志,2015,14(1):1-9.
[19]Hayden MK,Lin MY,Lolans K,et al.Prevention of colonization and infection by Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemaseproducing Enterobacteriaceae in long-term acute-care hospitals[J].Clin Infect Dis,2015,60(8):1153-1161.
[20]Viale P,Tumietto F,Giannella M,et al.Impact of a hospital-wide multifaceted programme for reducing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in a large teaching hospital in northern Italy[J].Clin Microbiol Infect,2015,21(3):242-247.
[21]胡付品,朱德妹.医疗机构碳青霉烯类耐药肠杆菌科细菌感染防控指南简介[J].中国感染与化疗杂志,2018,18(3):97-101.
[22]Hota S,Hirji Z,Stockton K,et al.Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization and infection secondaryto imperfect intensive care unit room design[J].Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol,2009,30(1):25-33.
[23]Kotay S,Chai W,Guilford W,et al.Spread from the sink to the patient:in situ study using green fluorescent protein(GFP)-expressing Escherichia coli to model bacterial dispersion from hand-washing sink-trap reservoirs[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2017,83(8).pii:e03327-16.
[24]Magiorakos AP,Burns K,Rodriguez Bano J,et al.Infection prevention and control measures and tools for the prevention of entry of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae into healthcare settings:guidance from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control[J].Antimicrob Resist Infect Control,2017,6:113.
[25]中华医学会器官移植学分会,中华预防医学会医院感染控制学分会,复旦大学华山医院抗生素研究所.中国实体器官移植供者来源感染防控专家共识(2018版)[J].中华器官移植杂志,2018,39(1):41.
[26]Solter E,Adler A,Rubinovitch B,et al.Israeli national policy for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae screening,carrier isolation and discontinuation of isolation[J].Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol,2018,39(1):85-89.
[27]Acute trust toolkit for the early detection,management and control of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae.Public Health England 2014.https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/329232/CPE_Acute_Trust_Toolkit_Relevant_Literature_and_Resources.pdf
[28]Facility Guidance for Control of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE)-November 2015 Update CRE Toolkit.https://www.cdc.gov/hai/pdfs/cre/CRE-guidance-508.pdf
[29]Zimmerman FS,Assous MV,Bdolah-Abram T,et al.Duration of carriage of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae following hospital discharge[J].Am J Infect Control,2013,41(3):190-194.
[30]Haverkate MR,Weiner S,Lolans K,et al.Duration of colonization with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing bacteria at long-term acute care hospitals in Chicago,Illinois[J].Open Forum Infect Dis,2016,3(4):ofw178.
[31]中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会.病区医院感染管理规范WS/T 510[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会,2017-06-01.
[32]中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会.医院隔离技术规范WS/T311[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会,2009-12-01.
[33]中华人民共和国国务院.医疗废物管理条例[Z].北京:中华人民共和国国务院,2003-06-16.
[34]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.医疗机构环境表面清洁与消毒管理规范WS/T 512[S].北京:中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会,2016-12-27.
[35]Wilson AP,Livermore DM,Otter JA,et al.Prevention and control of multi-drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria:recommendations from a Joint Working Party[J].J Hosp Infect,2016,92(Suppl 1):S1-44.
[36]Mitchell BG,Hall L,White N,et al.An environmental cleaning bundle and health-care-associated infections in hospitals(REACH):a multicentre,randomised trial[J].Lancet Infect Dis,2019,19(4):410-418.
[37]Anderson DJ,Chen LF,Weber DJ,et al.Enhanced terminal room disinfection and acquisition and infection caused by multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile(the Benefits of Enhanced Terminal Room Disinfection study):a cluster-randomised,multicentre,crossover study[J].Lancet,2017,389(10071):805-814.
[38]Rutala WA,Weber DJ.Selection of the ideal disinfectant[J].Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol,2014,35(7):855-865.
[39]Ling ML,Apisarnthanarak A,Thu le TA,et al.APSIC Guidelines for environmental cleaning and decontamination[J].Antimicrob Resist Infect Control,2015,4:58.