利用弯曲晶体实现空间带电粒子屏蔽方法及应用初探
|
摘要
文章针对传统辐射屏蔽方法质量利用率低的问题,提出利用弯曲晶体对空间带电粒子进行偏转屏蔽的新方法。该方法利用规则晶体内部连续性势垒对带电粒子的束缚作用,使得被束缚的带电粒子随着晶体弯曲而偏转。采用解析方法深入分析了弯曲晶体对带电粒子偏转机理的4个关键参数:临界角,临界半径,退沟道长度和偏转效率;并从偏转效率的角度对比了硅晶体和碳纳米管2种材料的屏蔽效能,结果显示碳纳米管更具备工程应用前景。建立了适合偏转空间各向同性入射带电粒子的屏蔽材料结构,初步分析了该结构偏转空间不同能量电子和质子所需的屏蔽厚度,结果表明:对电子而言,利用弯曲晶体的屏蔽方法优于传统的能量损失方法。
A new method of deflecting the space charged particle by bending crystal is proposed, to improve the mass efficiency of the traditional radiation shielding method. Four key parameters are discussed with regard to the deflecting mechanism of the bent crystal, i.e., the critical angle, the critical radius, the de-channeling length, and the deflecting efficiency. The calculation results show that the carbon nanotube material enjoys a better engineering value as compared with the silicon crystal. A type structure made of the bent carbon nanotube crystal is established for deflecting the simulated space isotropic charged particles in the Earth's radiation belt.The shielding thickness required for effectively deflecting the electrons and protons of different energies is preliminarily studied. It is concluded that the deflection method can be well targeted to the electrons than the traditional method in the practical sense.
A new method of deflecting the space charged particle by bending crystal is proposed, to improve the mass efficiency of the traditional radiation shielding method. Four key parameters are discussed with regard to the deflecting mechanism of the bent crystal, i.e., the critical angle, the critical radius, the de-channeling length, and the deflecting efficiency. The calculation results show that the carbon nanotube material enjoys a better engineering value as compared with the silicon crystal. A type structure made of the bent carbon nanotube crystal is established for deflecting the simulated space isotropic charged particles in the Earth's radiation belt.The shielding thickness required for effectively deflecting the electrons and protons of different energies is preliminarily studied. It is concluded that the deflection method can be well targeted to the electrons than the traditional method in the practical sense.
引文
[1]TSYGANOV E N.Some aspects of the mechanism of a charge particle penetration through a monocrystal:Fermilab TM-682[R].Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory,1976
[2]TSYGANOV E N.Estimates of cooling and bending processes for charged particle penetration through a monocrystal:Fermilab TM-684[R].Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory,1976
[3]TSYGANOV E N.First experiments with bent crystals:Halo evacuation from proton colliders using bent crystals[C]//International Conference on Charged and Neutral Particles Channeling Phenomena II.SPIE 2007,6634:66340D
[4]BIRYUKOV V M,CHESNOKOV Y A,KOTOV V I.Crystal channeling and its applications at high-energy accelerators[M].Berlin-Heidelberg:Springer,1997
[5]CHESNOKOV Y A,AFONIN A G.Bent crystal channeling applications for beam splitting,extraction and collimation in the U-70 accelerator of IHEP[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,2013,309:105-108
[6]KOVALENKO A D,SCANDALE W,TARATIN A M.Bent crystal extraction from a 100 TeV proton collider[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,2015,355:390-394
[7]BIRYUKOV V M,BELLUCCI S.Nanotube diameter optimal for channeling of high-energy particle beam[J].Physics Letters B,2002,542:111-115
[8]ZHEVAGO N K,GLEBOV V I.Computer simulations of fast particle propagation through straight and bent nanotubes[J].Physics Letters A,2003,310:301-310
[9]BIRYUKOV V M,BELLUCCI S.Nanostructures versus crystals in particle channeling[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,2005,234:99-105
[10]郑里平,许子建,朱志远.荷能带电粒子在碳纳米管绳内的沟道效应[J].核技术,2005,28(4):273-276ZHENG L P,XU Z J,ZHU Z Y.Energetic charged particle channeling in nanotube rope[J].NuclearTechniques,2005,28(4):273-276
[11]GEMMELL D S.Channeling and related effects in the motion of charged particles through crystals[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,1974,46(1):129-227
[12]Space engineering:space environment:ECSS-E-ST-10-04C[S].ESA Requirements and Standards Division,2008
[13]PERKINS S T,CUUEN D E,SELTZER S M.Tables and graphs of electron-interaction cross sections from 10 eV to100 GeV derived from the LLNL Evaluated Electron Data Library(EEDL),Z=1-100:UCRL-50400[R].Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,1991.
[14]ZIEGLER J.SRIM:the stopping and range of ions in matter[CP/OL](2012-03-01)[2018-06-20].http://srim.org
[15]BAGLI E,ASAI M,BRANDT D,et al.A model for the interaction of high-energy particles in straight and bent crystals implemented in Geant4[J].The European Physical Journal C,2014,74:2996
[16]Geant4 Collaboration.GEANT4:geometry and tracking[CP/OL](2016-12-09)[2018-06-20].http://geant4.web.cern.ch/node/48
[2]TSYGANOV E N.Estimates of cooling and bending processes for charged particle penetration through a monocrystal:Fermilab TM-684[R].Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory,1976
[3]TSYGANOV E N.First experiments with bent crystals:Halo evacuation from proton colliders using bent crystals[C]//International Conference on Charged and Neutral Particles Channeling Phenomena II.SPIE 2007,6634:66340D
[4]BIRYUKOV V M,CHESNOKOV Y A,KOTOV V I.Crystal channeling and its applications at high-energy accelerators[M].Berlin-Heidelberg:Springer,1997
[5]CHESNOKOV Y A,AFONIN A G.Bent crystal channeling applications for beam splitting,extraction and collimation in the U-70 accelerator of IHEP[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,2013,309:105-108
[6]KOVALENKO A D,SCANDALE W,TARATIN A M.Bent crystal extraction from a 100 TeV proton collider[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,2015,355:390-394
[7]BIRYUKOV V M,BELLUCCI S.Nanotube diameter optimal for channeling of high-energy particle beam[J].Physics Letters B,2002,542:111-115
[8]ZHEVAGO N K,GLEBOV V I.Computer simulations of fast particle propagation through straight and bent nanotubes[J].Physics Letters A,2003,310:301-310
[9]BIRYUKOV V M,BELLUCCI S.Nanostructures versus crystals in particle channeling[J].Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B,2005,234:99-105
[10]郑里平,许子建,朱志远.荷能带电粒子在碳纳米管绳内的沟道效应[J].核技术,2005,28(4):273-276ZHENG L P,XU Z J,ZHU Z Y.Energetic charged particle channeling in nanotube rope[J].NuclearTechniques,2005,28(4):273-276
[11]GEMMELL D S.Channeling and related effects in the motion of charged particles through crystals[J].Reviews of Modern Physics,1974,46(1):129-227
[12]Space engineering:space environment:ECSS-E-ST-10-04C[S].ESA Requirements and Standards Division,2008
[13]PERKINS S T,CUUEN D E,SELTZER S M.Tables and graphs of electron-interaction cross sections from 10 eV to100 GeV derived from the LLNL Evaluated Electron Data Library(EEDL),Z=1-100:UCRL-50400[R].Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,1991.
[14]ZIEGLER J.SRIM:the stopping and range of ions in matter[CP/OL](2012-03-01)[2018-06-20].http://srim.org
[15]BAGLI E,ASAI M,BRANDT D,et al.A model for the interaction of high-energy particles in straight and bent crystals implemented in Geant4[J].The European Physical Journal C,2014,74:2996
[16]Geant4 Collaboration.GEANT4:geometry and tracking[CP/OL](2016-12-09)[2018-06-20].http://geant4.web.cern.ch/node/48