“第一书记扶贫”的制度优势与影响因素分析
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摘要
第一书记扶贫是由来已久的党政干部下乡扶贫制度的创新,是精准扶贫的六个精准之一。相比其他扶贫主体,第一书记具备"个人专职型"扶贫特征,扶贫责任清晰、个人激励显著;组织考核设计与实施相对容易,这些决定了第一书记扶贫的群体优势。但是不同的第一书记因个体因素不同,扶贫效率也不同,每年既有优秀的第一书记涌现,也有扶贫不合格的第一书记被召回。采用相关经济学理论,重点结合山西省第一书记派出情况,分析了影响第一书记扶贫的个体因素。提出调整派出结构,保障合格人选;注重发展目标,坚持科学考核;创新帮扶机制,协调帮扶力量;增强帮扶培训,构建帮扶网络的政策建议。
The system for making the first secretaries of Party committees to assume the overall responsibility for poverty alleviation,a new approach to the long-standing practice of dispatching Party and government officials to the countryside for poverty alleviation,is one of the six targeted aspects of the targeted poverty alleviation.Compared with other players of poverty alleviation,the first Party secretaries are designated to be in charge of the task,with definite responsibility for poverty alleviation,and notable self-motivation; it is relatively easy for them to design the performance assessment and implement it,which shows their strength in the endeavour. However,first secretaries have shown different performances in poverty alleviation due to individual factors. Each year some excellent players emerge,and poor ones are recalled as well. This paper,based on the cases of the first secretaries sent to the rural areas in Shanxi Province for poverty alleviation,analyzes the personal factors that may affect their performances, by employing relevant economic theories. In conclusion, it offers the following policy recommendations:adjust the personnel structure of the dispatched to ensure qualified candidates; focus on the goals of development and adhere to sound performance assessment; develop new assistance and alleviation mechanisms and coordinate the assistance efforts of all involved; enhance assistance training and build an assistance network for poverty reduction.
The system for making the first secretaries of Party committees to assume the overall responsibility for poverty alleviation,a new approach to the long-standing practice of dispatching Party and government officials to the countryside for poverty alleviation,is one of the six targeted aspects of the targeted poverty alleviation.Compared with other players of poverty alleviation,the first Party secretaries are designated to be in charge of the task,with definite responsibility for poverty alleviation,and notable self-motivation; it is relatively easy for them to design the performance assessment and implement it,which shows their strength in the endeavour. However,first secretaries have shown different performances in poverty alleviation due to individual factors. Each year some excellent players emerge,and poor ones are recalled as well. This paper,based on the cases of the first secretaries sent to the rural areas in Shanxi Province for poverty alleviation,analyzes the personal factors that may affect their performances, by employing relevant economic theories. In conclusion, it offers the following policy recommendations:adjust the personnel structure of the dispatched to ensure qualified candidates; focus on the goals of development and adhere to sound performance assessment; develop new assistance and alleviation mechanisms and coordinate the assistance efforts of all involved; enhance assistance training and build an assistance network for poverty reduction.
引文
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[2]韩广富,周耕.党政机关选派干部下乡扶贫制度的建立[J].理论学刊,2013(11).
[3]王亚华,舒全峰.第一书记扶贫与农村领导力供给[J].国家行政学院学报,2017(1).
[4]袁立超,王三秀.非科层化运作:“干部驻村”制度的实践逻辑——基于闽东南C村的案例研究[J].华中科技大学学报(社会科学版),2017(3).
[5]袁立超,王三秀.嵌入型乡村扶贫模式:形成、理解与反思——以闽东南C村“干部驻村”实践为例[J].求实,2017(6).
[6]杨芳.驻村“第一书记”与村庄治理变革[J].学习论坛,2016(2).
[7]陈国申,唐京华.试论外来“帮扶力量”对村民自治的影响——基于山东省S村“第一书记”工作实践的调查[J].天津行政学院学报,2015(6).
[8]谢小芹.“双轨治理”:“第一书记”扶贫制度的一种分析框架——基于广西圆村的田野调查[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017(3).
[9]吴国宝.创新扶贫治理体系推动精准扶贫迈上新台阶[EB/OL].(2016-09-09)[2019-01-29].http://theory.gmw.cn/2016-09/09/content_21904122.htm.
[10]严国方,肖唐镖.运动式的乡村建设:理解与反思——以“部门包村”工作为案例[J].中国农村观察,2004(5).
[11]谈谈“第一书记”驻村扶贫那些事[EB/OL].(2015-12-09)[2018-07-28]http://www.xinhuanet.com//politics/2015-12/09/c_1117411103.htm.
[12]沿着沈浩的脚印大步向前——安徽省选派优秀干部到村任第一书记工作纪实[J].农村工作通讯,2016(20).
[13]压力大了,动力哪来——来自秦巴山片区四川省广元市利州区的调查[N].人民日报,2016-12-25.
[14]充分发挥“三支队伍”的骨干作用[N].山西日报,2016-11-25.
[15]张维迎,吴有昌,马捷.公有制经济中的委托人——代理人关系:理论分析和政策含义[J].经济研究,1995(4).
[16]万宁市组织部.万宁市驻村第一书记管理办法(试行)[EB/OL].(2016-05-24)[2018-08-04].http://www.wanningdj.gov.cn/djzt/dysjzwn/201605/t20160524_2016607.html.
[17]山西选派9395名机关优秀干部到村任“第一书记”[EB/OL].(2015-08-08)[2018-07-28].http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2015-08/08/c_1116189122.htm.
[18]河南精准选派驻村第一书记舍得出人舍得出钱舍得出力[N].人民日报,2016-06-14.
[19]最深的牵挂最大的担当——习近平总书记深入吕梁山区看望深度贫困群众并主持召开专题座谈会纪实[N].人民日报,2017-06-25.