南海环境共同保护的困境和出路
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摘要
针对海洋资源开发与养护中的主权国家利益与国际社会公共利益之间的矛盾与协调问题,海洋环境共同保护可作为解题之匙。在南海环境共同保护区域合作机制面临困境的情况下,海洋保护区作为公海治理的有效方式,有利于从环境共同保护的合作逐渐迈向海洋争端的缓和处理。借鉴罗斯海、波罗的海海洋保护区的经验和教训,从区域组织、区域框架公约、合理议程、利益共识、总体目标、标准和治理方法入手,结合开放性南海区域合作机制的构建,以期推动南海环境治理的可持续发展。
In the normative path of marine resource development and conservation, it is inevitably full of contradictions and compromises between sovereign interest and the public interest of the international community, especially in the sea areas with highly politically sensitivity. Thus, selecting marine environment common protection as touchstone is a perfect choice.Under the existing challenges of the regional cooperation mechanism of marine protection, environment common protection on South China Sea not only requires China's leading role, but also requires that coastal countries in the South China Sea fulfill the international obligations for biodiversity protection. Referring to the successful case of marine protected areas on high seas,starting with regional organizations, regional framework conventions, rational agendas, common interests, overall objectives,standards and governance methods, combined with the establishment of an open regional cooperation mechanism in the South China Sea, it is expected to promote the sustainable development of environmental governance in the South China Sea.
In the normative path of marine resource development and conservation, it is inevitably full of contradictions and compromises between sovereign interest and the public interest of the international community, especially in the sea areas with highly politically sensitivity. Thus, selecting marine environment common protection as touchstone is a perfect choice.Under the existing challenges of the regional cooperation mechanism of marine protection, environment common protection on South China Sea not only requires China's leading role, but also requires that coastal countries in the South China Sea fulfill the international obligations for biodiversity protection. Referring to the successful case of marine protected areas on high seas,starting with regional organizations, regional framework conventions, rational agendas, common interests, overall objectives,standards and governance methods, combined with the establishment of an open regional cooperation mechanism in the South China Sea, it is expected to promote the sustainable development of environmental governance in the South China Sea.
引文
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[4]郑凡.半闭海视角下的南海海洋问题[J].太平洋学报,2015(6):51-60.
[5]任洪涛.论南海海域环境保护管辖的冲突与协调[J].河北法学,2016(8):115-125.
[6]隋军.南海环境保护区域合作的法律机制构建[J].海南大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013(6):12-21.
[7]任远喆,刘汗青.南海地区非传统安全合作与中国的角色[J].边界与海洋研究,2017(3):80-95.
[8]张华.论南海争端各方合作的法律义务及前景[J].太平洋学报,2016(1):1-10.
[9]葛勇平.国际关系理论与实践[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2014:266.
[10]吴士存.当前南海地缘政治环境面临的挑战--在复旦大学第三届中国海洋战略论坛上的主旨发言[R].海口:中国南海研究院,2018.
[11]姚莹.南海环境保护区域合作:现实基础、价值目标与实现路径[J].学习与探索,2015(12):68-73.
[12]Wells S,Addison P,Bueno P A,et al.Using the IUCN green list of protected and conserved areas to promote conservation impact through marine protected areas[J].Aquatic Conservation:Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems,2016,26(2):22-44.
[13]郑苗壮,刘岩,李明杰.南海生态环境保护与国际合作问题研究[J].生态经济,2014(6):27-70.
[14]Selin H,Van Deveer S D.Baltic Sea hazardous substances management:Results and challenges[J].Ambio,2004,33(3):153-160.
[15]唐建业.南极海洋保护区建设及法律政治争论[J].极地研究,2016(3):370-380.
[16]CCAMLR.Report of the Thirty-fifth meeting of the commission[R].Hobart,Australia:Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources,2016.
[17]陈嘉,杨翠柏.南海生态环境保护区域合作:反思与前瞻[J]南洋问题研究,2016(2):33-43.
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[19][美]巴巴拉·劳瑎.保护地立法指南[M].王曦,卢锟,唐瑭,译北京:法律出版社,2016:24.
[20]何志鹏.在国家管辖外海域推进海洋保护区的制度反思与发展前瞻[J].社会科学,2016(5):96-107.