Effect of NaCl on synthesis of ZrB_2 by a borothermal reduction reaction of ZrO_2
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摘要
ZrB_2 powders were synthesized via a borothermal reduction reaction of ZrO_2 with the assistance of NaCl under a flowing Ar atmosphere. The optimal temperature and reaction time were 1223 K and 3 h, respectively. Compared with the reactions conducted without the addition of NaCl, those performed with the addition of an appropriate amount of NaCl finished at substantially lower temperatures. However, the addition of too much NaCl suppressed this effect. With the assistance of NaCl, a special morphology of polyhedral ZrB_2 particles covered with ZrB_2 nanosheets was obtained. Moreover, the experimental results revealed that the special morphology was the result of the combined effects of B_2O_3 and NaCl. The formation of the special microstructure is explained on the basis of the "dissolution–recrystallization" mechanism.
ZrB_2 powders were synthesized via a borothermal reduction reaction of ZrO_2 with the assistance of NaCl under a flowing Ar atmosphere. The optimal temperature and reaction time were 1223 K and 3 h, respectively. Compared with the reactions conducted without the addition of NaCl, those performed with the addition of an appropriate amount of NaCl finished at substantially lower temperatures. However, the addition of too much NaCl suppressed this effect. With the assistance of NaCl, a special morphology of polyhedral ZrB_2 particles covered with ZrB_2 nanosheets was obtained. Moreover, the experimental results revealed that the special morphology was the result of the combined effects of B_2O_3 and NaCl. The formation of the special microstructure is explained on the basis of the "dissolution–recrystallization" mechanism.
ZrB_2 powders were synthesized via a borothermal reduction reaction of ZrO_2 with the assistance of NaCl under a flowing Ar atmosphere. The optimal temperature and reaction time were 1223 K and 3 h, respectively. Compared with the reactions conducted without the addition of NaCl, those performed with the addition of an appropriate amount of NaCl finished at substantially lower temperatures. However, the addition of too much NaCl suppressed this effect. With the assistance of NaCl, a special morphology of polyhedral ZrB_2 particles covered with ZrB_2 nanosheets was obtained. Moreover, the experimental results revealed that the special morphology was the result of the combined effects of B_2O_3 and NaCl. The formation of the special microstructure is explained on the basis of the "dissolution–recrystallization" mechanism.
引文
[1]M.S.Asl,B.Nayebi,Z.Ahmadi,M.J.Zamharir,and M.Shokouhimehr,Effects of carbon additives on the properties of ZrB2-based composites:A review,Ceram.Int.,44(2018),No.7,p.7334.
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[8]L.Ma,J.C.Yu,X.Guo,Y.S.Zhang,Y.R.Feng,H.Zong,Y.J.Zhang,and H.Y.Gong,Effects of HBO2 on phase and morphology of Zr B2 powders synthesized by carbothermal reduction,Ceram.Int.,43(2017),No.15,p.12975.
[9]J.H.Liu,Z.Huang,C.G.Huo,F.L.Li,H.J.Zhang,and S.W.Zhang,Low-temperature rapid synthesis of rod-like Zr B2powders by molten-salt and microwave co-assisted carbothermal reduction,J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,99(2016),No.9,p.2895.
[10]S.W.Zhang,M.Khangkhamano,H.J.Zhang,and H.A Yeprem,Novel synthesis of Zr B2 powder via molten-salt-mediated magnesiothermic reduction,J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,97(2014),No.6,p.1686.
[11]L.Zoli,P.Galizia,L.Silvestroni,and D.Sciti,Synthesis of group IV and V metal diboride nanocrystals via borothermal reduction with sodium borohydride,J.Am Ceram.Soc.,101(2018),No.6,p.2627.
[12]M.Jalaly,M.S.Bafghi,M.Tamizifar,and F.J.Gotor,An investigation on the formation mechanism of nano Zr B2,powder by a magnesiothermic reaction,J.Alloys Compd.,588(2018),p.36
[13]L.Y.Bai,H.C.Jin,C.Lu,F.L.Yuan,S.L Huang,and J.L.Li,RF thermal plasma-assisted metallothermic synthesis of ultrafine ZrB2 powders,Ceram.Int.,41(2015),No.6,p.7312.
[14]M.Salavati-Niasari,M.Dadkhah,and F.Davar,Pure cubic Zr O2 nanoparticles by thermolysis of a new precursor,Polyhedron,28(2009),No.14,p.3005.
[15]S.Zinatloo-Ajabshir and M.Salavati-Niasari,Facile route to synthesize zirconium dioxide(Zr O2)nanostructures:Structural,optical and photocatalytic studies,J.Mol.Liq.,216(2016),p.545.
[16]S.Zinatloo-Ajabshir and M.Salavati-Niasari,Synthesis of pure nanocrystalline ZrO2 via a simple sonochemical-assisted route,J.Ind.Eng.Chem.,20(2014),No.5,p.3313.
[17]S.Zinatloo-Ajabshir,M.Salavati-Niasari,and Z.Zinatloo-Ajabshir,Nd2Zr2O7-Nd2O3 nanocomposites:New facile synthesis,characterization and investigation of photocatalytic behavior,Mater.Lett.,180(2016),p.27.
[18]C.W.Bale,E.Bélisle,P.Chartrand,S.A.Decterov,G.Eriksson,K.Hack,I.H.Jung,Y.B.Kang,J.Melan?on,A.D.Pelton,C.Robelin,and S.Petersen,Fact Sage thermochemical software and databases―recent developments,Calphad,33(2009),No.2,p.295.
[19]W.M.Guo,D.W.Tan,Z.L.Zhang,L.X.Wu,and H.T.Lin,Synthesis of fine Zr B2 powders by new borothermal reduction of coarse ZrO2 powders,Ceram.Int.,42(2016),No.13 p.15087.
[20]S.L.Ran,O.Van der Biest,and J.Vleugels,Zr B2 powders synthesis by borothermal reduction,J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,93(2010),No.6,p.1586.
[21]Z.T.Liu,Y.N.Wei,X.Meng,T.T.Wei,and S.L.Ran,Synthesis of Cr B2 powders at 800°C under ambient pressure,Ceram.Int.,43(2017),No.1,p.1628.
[22]G.J.Janz,Molten salts data as reference standards for density,surface tension,viscosity,and electrical conductance:KNO3 and NaCl,J.Phys.Chem.Ref.Data,9(2015),No.4,p.791.
[23]J.D.Mackenzie,The viscosity,molar volume,and electric conductivity of liquid boron trioxide,Trans.Faraday Soc.,52(1956),p.1564.
[24]X.L.Hu,Y.Masuda,T.Ohji,and K.Kato,Dissolution-recrystallization induced hierarchical structure in Zn O:Bunched roselike and core-shell-like particles,Cryst.Growth Des.,10(2010),No.2,p.626.
[25]F.Beshkar,H.Khojasteh,and M.Salavati-Niasari,Flower-like Cu O/Zn O hybrid hierarchical nanostructures grown on copper substrate:Glycothermal synthesis,characterization,hydrophobic and anticorrosion properties,Materials,10(2017),No.7,p.697.
[26]Z.H.Ding,Q.H.Deng,D.W.Shi,X.B.Zhou,Y.Li,S.L.Ran,and Q.Huang,Synthesis of hexagonal columnar ZrB2 powders through dissolution-recrystallization approach by microwave heating method,J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,97(2015),No.10,p.3037.
[27]Y.W.Wang,J.T.He,C.C.Liu,W.H.Chong,and H.Y.Chen,Thermodynamics versus kinetics in nanosynthesis,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,54(2015),No.7,p.2022.
[2]W.G.Fahrenholtz,G.E.Hilmas,I.G.Talmy,and J.A.Zaykoski,Refractory diborides of zirconium and hafnium,J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,90(2007),No.5,p.1347.
[3]F.Monteverde,R.Savino,and M.De Stefano Fumo,Dynamic oxidation of ultra-high temperature Zr B2-Si C under high enthalpy supersonic flows,Corros.Sci.,53(2011),No.3,p.922.
[4]Z.Amirsardari,R.M.Aghdam,M.Salavati-Niasari,and S.Niasari,Enhanced thermal resistance of GO/C/phenolic nanocomposite by introducing Zr B2 nanoparticles,Composites Part B,76(2015),p.174.
[5]F.Monteverde,A.Bellosi,and S.Guicciardi,Processing and properties of zirconium diboride-based composites,J.Eur.Ceram.Soc.,22(2002),No.3,p.279.
[6]S.Q.Guo,Densification of Zr B2-based composites and their mechanical and physical properties:A review,J.Eur.Ceram.Soc.,29(2009),No.6,p.995.
[7]R.X.Li,H.J.Lou,S.Yin,Y.Zhang,Y.S.Jiang,B.Zhao,J.P.Li,Z.H.Feng,and T.Satob,Nanocarbon-dependent synthesis of ZrB2 in a binary ZrO2 and boron system,J.Alloys Compd.,509(2011),No.34,p.8581.
[8]L.Ma,J.C.Yu,X.Guo,Y.S.Zhang,Y.R.Feng,H.Zong,Y.J.Zhang,and H.Y.Gong,Effects of HBO2 on phase and morphology of Zr B2 powders synthesized by carbothermal reduction,Ceram.Int.,43(2017),No.15,p.12975.
[9]J.H.Liu,Z.Huang,C.G.Huo,F.L.Li,H.J.Zhang,and S.W.Zhang,Low-temperature rapid synthesis of rod-like Zr B2powders by molten-salt and microwave co-assisted carbothermal reduction,J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,99(2016),No.9,p.2895.
[10]S.W.Zhang,M.Khangkhamano,H.J.Zhang,and H.A Yeprem,Novel synthesis of Zr B2 powder via molten-salt-mediated magnesiothermic reduction,J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,97(2014),No.6,p.1686.
[11]L.Zoli,P.Galizia,L.Silvestroni,and D.Sciti,Synthesis of group IV and V metal diboride nanocrystals via borothermal reduction with sodium borohydride,J.Am Ceram.Soc.,101(2018),No.6,p.2627.
[12]M.Jalaly,M.S.Bafghi,M.Tamizifar,and F.J.Gotor,An investigation on the formation mechanism of nano Zr B2,powder by a magnesiothermic reaction,J.Alloys Compd.,588(2018),p.36
[13]L.Y.Bai,H.C.Jin,C.Lu,F.L.Yuan,S.L Huang,and J.L.Li,RF thermal plasma-assisted metallothermic synthesis of ultrafine ZrB2 powders,Ceram.Int.,41(2015),No.6,p.7312.
[14]M.Salavati-Niasari,M.Dadkhah,and F.Davar,Pure cubic Zr O2 nanoparticles by thermolysis of a new precursor,Polyhedron,28(2009),No.14,p.3005.
[15]S.Zinatloo-Ajabshir and M.Salavati-Niasari,Facile route to synthesize zirconium dioxide(Zr O2)nanostructures:Structural,optical and photocatalytic studies,J.Mol.Liq.,216(2016),p.545.
[16]S.Zinatloo-Ajabshir and M.Salavati-Niasari,Synthesis of pure nanocrystalline ZrO2 via a simple sonochemical-assisted route,J.Ind.Eng.Chem.,20(2014),No.5,p.3313.
[17]S.Zinatloo-Ajabshir,M.Salavati-Niasari,and Z.Zinatloo-Ajabshir,Nd2Zr2O7-Nd2O3 nanocomposites:New facile synthesis,characterization and investigation of photocatalytic behavior,Mater.Lett.,180(2016),p.27.
[18]C.W.Bale,E.Bélisle,P.Chartrand,S.A.Decterov,G.Eriksson,K.Hack,I.H.Jung,Y.B.Kang,J.Melan?on,A.D.Pelton,C.Robelin,and S.Petersen,Fact Sage thermochemical software and databases―recent developments,Calphad,33(2009),No.2,p.295.
[19]W.M.Guo,D.W.Tan,Z.L.Zhang,L.X.Wu,and H.T.Lin,Synthesis of fine Zr B2 powders by new borothermal reduction of coarse ZrO2 powders,Ceram.Int.,42(2016),No.13 p.15087.
[20]S.L.Ran,O.Van der Biest,and J.Vleugels,Zr B2 powders synthesis by borothermal reduction,J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,93(2010),No.6,p.1586.
[21]Z.T.Liu,Y.N.Wei,X.Meng,T.T.Wei,and S.L.Ran,Synthesis of Cr B2 powders at 800°C under ambient pressure,Ceram.Int.,43(2017),No.1,p.1628.
[22]G.J.Janz,Molten salts data as reference standards for density,surface tension,viscosity,and electrical conductance:KNO3 and NaCl,J.Phys.Chem.Ref.Data,9(2015),No.4,p.791.
[23]J.D.Mackenzie,The viscosity,molar volume,and electric conductivity of liquid boron trioxide,Trans.Faraday Soc.,52(1956),p.1564.
[24]X.L.Hu,Y.Masuda,T.Ohji,and K.Kato,Dissolution-recrystallization induced hierarchical structure in Zn O:Bunched roselike and core-shell-like particles,Cryst.Growth Des.,10(2010),No.2,p.626.
[25]F.Beshkar,H.Khojasteh,and M.Salavati-Niasari,Flower-like Cu O/Zn O hybrid hierarchical nanostructures grown on copper substrate:Glycothermal synthesis,characterization,hydrophobic and anticorrosion properties,Materials,10(2017),No.7,p.697.
[26]Z.H.Ding,Q.H.Deng,D.W.Shi,X.B.Zhou,Y.Li,S.L.Ran,and Q.Huang,Synthesis of hexagonal columnar ZrB2 powders through dissolution-recrystallization approach by microwave heating method,J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,97(2015),No.10,p.3037.
[27]Y.W.Wang,J.T.He,C.C.Liu,W.H.Chong,and H.Y.Chen,Thermodynamics versus kinetics in nanosynthesis,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.,54(2015),No.7,p.2022.