基于Ripley K(r)函数的金露梅与蒲公英种群空间分布格局及其关联性
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摘要
物种空间分布格局和种间关联性是研究种群特征、种间相互影响以及物种同环境关系的重要方法。金露梅(Potentilla fruticosa L.)与蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)是甘南亚高寒草甸的主要物种,通过野外群落调查,应用点格局方法中的Ripley K函数,分析不同坡向的金露梅与蒲公英种群的空间分布格局及种间关联性。结果表明:金露梅与蒲公英在3个坡向上的分布具有明显差异,随着坡向由北坡向南坡的转变,金露梅种群呈现递减趋势,蒲公英种群则呈现出递增趋势;在北坡,金露梅在0~4.8 m内呈现聚集分布且聚集程度比较高,在4.8~5 m呈现随机分布;在西坡,金露梅在0~0.6 m尺度内表现出随机分布,在0.6~1.6 m尺度内为聚集分布,在1.6~5 m尺度内则又再次呈现随机分布;而在南坡,金露梅在整个研究尺度范围内均呈现随机分布;北坡的蒲公英在0~2.8 m尺度上呈现聚集分布,在2.8~5 m内呈现随机分布;西坡和南坡上蒲公英在整个研究尺度内都呈现随机分布;北坡的金露梅与蒲公英在整个研究尺度内呈现负关联,西坡两种群在整个尺度内呈现无关联;南坡的金露梅与蒲公英在0~2.4 m尺度内呈现无关联,在2.4~5 m尺度内呈现负关联。
The analysis of spatial distribution and association of species is an important method to study population characteristics,interspecific interaction,species and environmental relationship.Potentilla fruticosa and Taraxacum mongolicum are two major species of subalpine meadow in Gannan. We analyzed the field spatial distribution and interspecific association of P. fruticosa and T. mongolicum on different slopes using Ripley 's K( r) function. The results showed that the distribution of P. fruticosa and T. mongolicum were obviously different in three slope aspects. P.fruticosa population showed a decreasing trend,while T. mongolicum population showed an increasing trend from north to south aspect. On the north aspect,P. fruticosa showed a relatively high degree of aggregation at 0-4.8 m scale and a random distribution at 4.8-5 m scale. On the west aspect,P. fruticosa showed a random distribution at 0-0.6 m scale,aggregate distribution at 0.6-1.6 m scale,and random distribution again at 1.6-5 m scale. On the south aspect,P. fruticosa showed a random distribution throughout the study scales. T. mongolicum showed aggregation distribution at 0-2.8 m scale,random distribution at 2.8-5 m scale on the north aspect,and a random distribution at the whole study scales on the west aspect and south aspect. P. fruticosa and T. mongolicum showed a negative correlation at any scale on north aspect. Both species had no association at the whole study scales on the west aspect. On the south aspect,P. fruticosa and T.mongolicum showed no correlation at 0-2.4 m scale,and a negative correlation at 2.4-5 m scale.
The analysis of spatial distribution and association of species is an important method to study population characteristics,interspecific interaction,species and environmental relationship.Potentilla fruticosa and Taraxacum mongolicum are two major species of subalpine meadow in Gannan. We analyzed the field spatial distribution and interspecific association of P. fruticosa and T. mongolicum on different slopes using Ripley 's K( r) function. The results showed that the distribution of P. fruticosa and T. mongolicum were obviously different in three slope aspects. P.fruticosa population showed a decreasing trend,while T. mongolicum population showed an increasing trend from north to south aspect. On the north aspect,P. fruticosa showed a relatively high degree of aggregation at 0-4.8 m scale and a random distribution at 4.8-5 m scale. On the west aspect,P. fruticosa showed a random distribution at 0-0.6 m scale,aggregate distribution at 0.6-1.6 m scale,and random distribution again at 1.6-5 m scale. On the south aspect,P. fruticosa showed a random distribution throughout the study scales. T. mongolicum showed aggregation distribution at 0-2.8 m scale,random distribution at 2.8-5 m scale on the north aspect,and a random distribution at the whole study scales on the west aspect and south aspect. P. fruticosa and T. mongolicum showed a negative correlation at any scale on north aspect. Both species had no association at the whole study scales on the west aspect. On the south aspect,P. fruticosa and T.mongolicum showed no correlation at 0-2.4 m scale,and a negative correlation at 2.4-5 m scale.
引文
党晶晶,赵成章,董小刚,等.2014.藏嵩草和矮嵩草种群空间分布格局对水分的响应.生态学杂志,33(7):1734-1740.
高福元,赵成章,卓马兰草.2014.高寒退化草地不同海拔梯度狼毒种群分布格局及空间关联性.生态学报,34(3):605-612.
郭华,王孝安,肖娅萍.2005.秦岭太白红杉种群空间分布格局动态及分形特征研究.应用生态学报,16(2):227-232.
李红琴,宋成刚,张法伟,等.2014.青海高寒区域金露梅灌丛草甸灌木和草本植物固碳量的比较.植物资源与环境学报,23(3):1-7.
梁爽,许涵,林家怡,等.2014.尖峰岭热带山地雨林优势树种白颜树空间分布格局.植物生态学报,38(12):1273-1282.
刘建泉,孙建忠.2012.东大河林区金露梅种群空间分布格局沿海拔梯度的变化.草业科学,29(5):804-808.
刘旻霞,马建祖.2012.甘南高寒草甸植物功能性状和土壤因子对坡向的响应.应用生态学报,23(12):3295-3300.
刘振学,任广鑫,康冰,等.2011.辛家山不同坡向次生林群落物种多样性研究.水土保持研究,18(4):197-202.
马熙华,方金福.2016.高寒草地不同坡向金露梅种群空间分布格局研究.畜牧与饲料科学,37(6):49-52.
马小丽,赵成章,张茜,等.2013.退化草地甘肃臭草和冷蒿种群空间格局及关联性.生态学杂志,32(2):299-304.
宋于洋,李园园,张文辉.2010a.梭梭种群不同发育阶段的空间格局与关联性分析.生态学报,30(16):4317-4327.
宋于洋,李园园,张文辉.2010b.基于Ripley的K(r)函数和分形维数的梭梭种群空间格局.应用生态学报,21(4):827-835.
苏爱玲,徐广平,段吉闯,等.2010.祁连山金露梅灌丛草甸群落结构及主要种群的点格局分析.西北植物学报,30(6):1231-1239.
孙世贤,卫智军,吴新宏,等.2016.不同放牧强度季节调控下荒漠草原主要植物种群点格局及空间关联性.生态学报,36(23):7570-7579.
王本洋,余世孝.2005.种群分布格局的多尺度分析.植物生态学报,29(2):235-241.
张璞进,清华,张雷,等.2017.内蒙古灌丛化草原毛刺锦鸡儿种群结构和空间分布格局.植物生态学报,41(2):165-174.
张金屯.1998.植物种群空间分布的点格局分析.植物生态学报,22(4):344-349.
祝燕,白帆,刘海丰,等.2011.北京暖温带次生林种群分布格局与种间空间关联性.生物多样性,19(2):252-259.
Bennie J,Huntley B,Wiltshire A,et al.2008.Slope,aspect and climate:Spatially explicit and implicit models of topographic microclimate in chalk grassland.Ecological Modelling,216:47-59.
Diggle PJ.1983.Statistical analysis of spatial point patterns.New York:Academic Press.
Harper KA,Bergeron Y,Drapeau P,et al.2006.Changes in spatial pattern of trees and snags during structural development in Picea mariana boreal forests.Journal of Vegetation Science,17:625-636.
Peterson CJ,Squiers ER.1995.An unexpected change in spatial pattern across 10 years in an aspen-white pine forest.Journal of Ecology,83:847-855.
高福元,赵成章,卓马兰草.2014.高寒退化草地不同海拔梯度狼毒种群分布格局及空间关联性.生态学报,34(3):605-612.
郭华,王孝安,肖娅萍.2005.秦岭太白红杉种群空间分布格局动态及分形特征研究.应用生态学报,16(2):227-232.
李红琴,宋成刚,张法伟,等.2014.青海高寒区域金露梅灌丛草甸灌木和草本植物固碳量的比较.植物资源与环境学报,23(3):1-7.
梁爽,许涵,林家怡,等.2014.尖峰岭热带山地雨林优势树种白颜树空间分布格局.植物生态学报,38(12):1273-1282.
刘建泉,孙建忠.2012.东大河林区金露梅种群空间分布格局沿海拔梯度的变化.草业科学,29(5):804-808.
刘旻霞,马建祖.2012.甘南高寒草甸植物功能性状和土壤因子对坡向的响应.应用生态学报,23(12):3295-3300.
刘振学,任广鑫,康冰,等.2011.辛家山不同坡向次生林群落物种多样性研究.水土保持研究,18(4):197-202.
马熙华,方金福.2016.高寒草地不同坡向金露梅种群空间分布格局研究.畜牧与饲料科学,37(6):49-52.
马小丽,赵成章,张茜,等.2013.退化草地甘肃臭草和冷蒿种群空间格局及关联性.生态学杂志,32(2):299-304.
宋于洋,李园园,张文辉.2010a.梭梭种群不同发育阶段的空间格局与关联性分析.生态学报,30(16):4317-4327.
宋于洋,李园园,张文辉.2010b.基于Ripley的K(r)函数和分形维数的梭梭种群空间格局.应用生态学报,21(4):827-835.
苏爱玲,徐广平,段吉闯,等.2010.祁连山金露梅灌丛草甸群落结构及主要种群的点格局分析.西北植物学报,30(6):1231-1239.
孙世贤,卫智军,吴新宏,等.2016.不同放牧强度季节调控下荒漠草原主要植物种群点格局及空间关联性.生态学报,36(23):7570-7579.
王本洋,余世孝.2005.种群分布格局的多尺度分析.植物生态学报,29(2):235-241.
张璞进,清华,张雷,等.2017.内蒙古灌丛化草原毛刺锦鸡儿种群结构和空间分布格局.植物生态学报,41(2):165-174.
张金屯.1998.植物种群空间分布的点格局分析.植物生态学报,22(4):344-349.
祝燕,白帆,刘海丰,等.2011.北京暖温带次生林种群分布格局与种间空间关联性.生物多样性,19(2):252-259.
Bennie J,Huntley B,Wiltshire A,et al.2008.Slope,aspect and climate:Spatially explicit and implicit models of topographic microclimate in chalk grassland.Ecological Modelling,216:47-59.
Diggle PJ.1983.Statistical analysis of spatial point patterns.New York:Academic Press.
Harper KA,Bergeron Y,Drapeau P,et al.2006.Changes in spatial pattern of trees and snags during structural development in Picea mariana boreal forests.Journal of Vegetation Science,17:625-636.
Peterson CJ,Squiers ER.1995.An unexpected change in spatial pattern across 10 years in an aspen-white pine forest.Journal of Ecology,83:847-855.