关于运动承诺与其决定因素关系的元分析
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摘要
运动承诺可以解释个体是否坚持某个体育行为,为探讨运动承诺与其决定因素之间的关系,同时从调节变量角度,研究不同年龄、不同性别、不同运动类型对运动承诺与其决定因素之间关系的作用,在文献收集的基础上,删选17个研究共20个独立样本,运用CMA2. 0软件进行元分析。结果表明,运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会、社会支持与运动承诺呈中等的正相关,而参与选择与运动承诺呈高度的负相关,社会约束与运动承诺呈中等的负相关。年龄作为运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会3个因素与运动承诺之间关系的调节变量有统计学意义,运动类型对个人投入、参与机会2个因素与运动承诺的关系有调节作用,性别对运动承诺模型没有调节作用。基于元分析,研究从更宏观的角度考察了运动承诺与其6个决定因素之间的关系,以及调节变量的影响作用。结果也能进一步促进运动承诺理论的本土化研究,以及在休闲体育行为领域的更广泛应用。
Sports commitment can explain whether an individual adheres to a certain sport behavior. This study explored the relationship between sport commitment and its determinants,and detected the effects of different ages,genders and types of sports on the relationship from the perspective of moderators. Based on the method of literature review,20 independent samples from 17 researches were included in this study. The CMA2. 0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: Sports pleasure,personal involvement,participation opportunities,social support and sports commitment were moderately positively correlated,while participation choice and sports commitment were highly negatively correlated,and social constraints and sports commitment were moderately negatively correlated. Age was the moderator of the relationship between sport pleasure,individual involvement and participation opportunity and sport commitment; sports type had moderator effect on the relationship between individual involvement,participation opportunity and sport commitment; but gender had no moderating effect on sport commitment model. This study examined the relationship between sport commitment and its six determinants from a more macroscopic perspective,and the effects of moderating variables. The results could also further promote the localization of sports commitment theory and its wider application in the field of leisure sports behavior.
Sports commitment can explain whether an individual adheres to a certain sport behavior. This study explored the relationship between sport commitment and its determinants,and detected the effects of different ages,genders and types of sports on the relationship from the perspective of moderators. Based on the method of literature review,20 independent samples from 17 researches were included in this study. The CMA2. 0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: Sports pleasure,personal involvement,participation opportunities,social support and sports commitment were moderately positively correlated,while participation choice and sports commitment were highly negatively correlated,and social constraints and sports commitment were moderately negatively correlated. Age was the moderator of the relationship between sport pleasure,individual involvement and participation opportunity and sport commitment; sports type had moderator effect on the relationship between individual involvement,participation opportunity and sport commitment; but gender had no moderating effect on sport commitment model. This study examined the relationship between sport commitment and its six determinants from a more macroscopic perspective,and the effects of moderating variables. The results could also further promote the localization of sports commitment theory and its wider application in the field of leisure sports behavior.
引文
[1]BECKER HS.Notes on the concept of commitment[J].American Journal of Sociology,1960,66(1):32-40.
[2]SCANLAN TK,CARPENTER PJ,SIMONS JP,et al.An introduction to the sport commitment model[J].Journal of Sport&Exercise Psychology,1993,15:1-15.
[3]SCANLAN TK,RUSSELL DG,WILSON NC,et al.Project on elite athlete commitment(PEAK):I.introduction and methodology[J].Journal of Sport&Exercise Psychology,2003,25(3):360-376.
[4]SCANLAN TK,RUSSELL DG,BEALS KP,et al.Project on elite athlete commitment(PEAK):II.a direct test and expansion of the sport commitment model with elite amateur sportsmen[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2003,25(3):377-401.
[5]SCANLAN TK,SIMONS JP,CARPENTER PJ,et al.The sport commitment model:measurement development for the youth-sport domain[J].Journal of Sport&Exercise Psychology,1993,15:16-38
[6]CARPENTER PJ,SCANLAN TK,SIMONS JP,et al.Atest of the sport commitment model using structural equation modeling[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,1993,15:119-133.
[7]SOUSA C,TORREGROSA M,VILADRICH C,et al.The commitment of young soccer players[J].Psicothema,2007,19(2):256-262.
[8]CHOOSAKUL C,VONGJATURAPAT N,LI F,et al.The sport commitment model:an investigation of structural relationships with Thai youth athlete populations[J].Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science,2009,13(3):123-139.
[9]CROCKER PRE,AUGAITIS L.Commitment in age class adult triathletes:examining gender differences in the sport commitment model[J].International Journal of Sport Psychology,2010,41(2):177-194.
[10]YOUNG BW,MEDIC N.Examining social influences on the sport commitment of masters swimmers[J].Psychology of Sport and Exercise,2011,12(2):168-175.
[11]ALEXANDRIS K,ZAHARIADIS P,TSORBATZOUDISC,et al.Testing the sport commitment model in the context of exercise and fitness participation[J].Journal of Sport Behaviour,2002,25(3):217-230.
[12]CASPER J.Sport commitment,participation frequency and purchase intention segmentation based on age,gender,income and skill level with us tennis participants[J].European Sport Management Quarterly,2007,7(3):269-282.
[13]WEISS WM,WEISS MR.Sport commitment among competitive female gymnasts:a developmental perspective[J].Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,2007,78(2):90-102.
[14]CASPER JM,STELLINO MB.Demographic predictors of recreational tennis participant's sport commitment[J].Journal of Park and Recreation Administration,2008,26(3):93-115.
[15]WIGGLESWORTH JC,YOUNG BW,MEDIC N,et al.Examining gender differences in the determinants of masters swimmers'sport commitment[J].International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2012,10(3):236-250.
[16]WEISS WM,HALUPNIK D.Commitment to strength and conditioning:a sport commitment model perspective[J].The Journal of Strength&Conditioning Research,2013,27(3):718-722.
[17]金静静.我国高水平田径运动员运动职业承诺现状的研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2010.
[18]丁庆建,张瑞林,孙庆祝.大学生体育活动倾向性模型的构建与应用[J].中国体育科技,2009(4):41-43.
[19]陈善平,李树茁.大学生体育锻炼情景下运动承诺理论模型的检验[J].北京体育大学学报,2006,29(5):623-625.
[20]宋校能,张军.基于运动承诺的城市居民有偿体育锻炼坚持研究[J].体育学刊,2008,15(11):49-53.
[21]CARPENTER PJ,SCANLAN TK.Changes over time in the determinants of sport commitment[J].Pediatric Exercise Science,1998,10:356-365.
[22]SCHMIDT GW,STEIN GL.Sport commitment:a model integrating enjoyment,dropout,and burnout[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,1991,8:254-265.
[23]金盛华.社会心理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:77-189.
[24]CARPENTER PJ.Modification and extension of the sport commitment model[J].Journal of Sport&Exercise Psychology,1995,17:37.
[25]WILSON PM,RODGERS WM,CARPENTER PJ,et al.The relationship between commitment and exercise behavior[J].Psychology of Sport and Exercise,2004,5(4):405-421.
[26]陈善平,闫振龙.运动承诺理论及相关研究综述[J].武汉体育学院学报,2007,41(1):51-54.
[27]戴维·迈尔斯.社会心理学[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006:9.
[28]何小珍.国内外运动承诺理论模型研究述评[J].首都体育学院学报,2011,23(6):568-571.
[29]李涛.心理学视野中的承诺研究[J].心理研究,2011,4(5):43-48.
[30]李臻,李薇.大学生运动承诺与锻炼坚持的关系研究[J].体育科研,2014,35(3):28-31.
[31]毛伟胜,曾朝恭.运动锻炼领域中关于承诺模型的研究进展及方向[J].南京体育学院学报,2007,21(2):15-18.
[32]邱芬,崔德刚,杨剑.基于运动承诺的大学生体育锻炼行为的影响因素研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2011,26(5):384-389.
[33]孙德荣,刘立军,何小珍.大学生体育活动的锻炼承诺和锻炼坚持性研究[J].天津体育学院院报,2011,26(6):549-552.
[34]吴健,陈善平.大学生坚持体育锻炼的特点及影响因素研究[J].山东体育学院院报,2008,24(1):83-86.
[35]吴健,陈善平,潘华山,等.在锻炼情境下2种运动承诺机构模型的比较[J].首都体育学院学报,2011,23(1):75-78.
[36]殷恒婵,周之华.青少年足球运动员运动倾向性不同因果模型的探讨[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),1999,35(4):555-559.
[37]翟一飞,亓圣华.承诺模型在运动锻炼中的研究进展[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2008,27(6):8-10.
[38]张军,尚志强.基于运动承诺的城市居民付费体育锻炼坚持研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2009,32(3):36-39.
[39]BUCHANAN T.Commitment and leisure behavior:a theoretical perspective[J].Leisure Sciences,1985,7(4):401-420.
[40]CASPER JM,GRAY DP,BABKES STELLINO M.Asport commitment model perspective on adult tennis players'participation frequency and purchase intention[J].Sport Management Review,2007,10(3):253-278.
[41]CASPER JM,ANDREW DPS.Sport commitment differences among tennis players on the basis of participation outlet and skill level[J].Journal of Sport Behavior,2008,31(3):201-219.
[42]CHU AY,WANG CH.Differences in level of sport commitment among college dance sport competitors[J].Social Behavior and Personality:an International Journal,2012,40(5):755-766.
[43]GARCIA-MAS A,PALOU P,GILI M,et al.Commitment,enjoyment and motivation in young soccer competitive players[J].The Spanish Journal of Psychology,2010,13(2):609-616.
[44]KELLY HH,THIBAUT JW.Interpersonal relations:a theory of interdependence[M].New York:Wiley-Interscience,1978.
[45]KELLEY HH.Love and commitment[M]//KELLY HH,BERSCHEID E,et al.Close relationships.New York:W.H.Freeman and Company,1983:265-314.
[46]ROBERT JOSEPH EDMUND ROY.A grounded theory approach to the extension and revision of scanlan's sport commitment model[D].BC:Simon Fraser University,2004.
[47]SCANLAN TK,RUSSELL DG,MAGYAR TM,et al.Project on elite athlete commitment(PEAK):III.an examination of the external validity across gender,and the expansion and clarification of the sport commitment model[J].Journal of Sport&Exercise Psychology,2009,31(6):685-705.
[48]SCANLAN TK,RUSSELL DG,SCANLAN LA,et al.Project on elite athlete commitment(PEAK):IV.identification of new candidate commitment sources in the sport commitment model[J].Journal of Sport&Exercise Psychology,2013,35(5):525-535.
[49]WEISS MR,KIMMEL LA,SMITH AL.Determinants of sport commitment among junior tennis players:enjoyment as a mediating variable[J].Pediatric Exercise Science,2001,13(2):131-144.
[50]WEISS WM,WEISS MR.A Longitudinal analysis of commitment among competitive female gymnasts[J].Psychology of Sport and Exercise,2006,7(3):309-323.
[51]WEISS WM,WEISS MR,AMOROSE AJ.Sport commitment among competitive female athletes:test of an expanded model[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,2010,28(4):423-434.
[52]WILLIAMS L.Commitment to sport and exercise:re-examining the literature for a practical and parsimonious model[J].Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health,2013,46:35-42.
[2]SCANLAN TK,CARPENTER PJ,SIMONS JP,et al.An introduction to the sport commitment model[J].Journal of Sport&Exercise Psychology,1993,15:1-15.
[3]SCANLAN TK,RUSSELL DG,WILSON NC,et al.Project on elite athlete commitment(PEAK):I.introduction and methodology[J].Journal of Sport&Exercise Psychology,2003,25(3):360-376.
[4]SCANLAN TK,RUSSELL DG,BEALS KP,et al.Project on elite athlete commitment(PEAK):II.a direct test and expansion of the sport commitment model with elite amateur sportsmen[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2003,25(3):377-401.
[5]SCANLAN TK,SIMONS JP,CARPENTER PJ,et al.The sport commitment model:measurement development for the youth-sport domain[J].Journal of Sport&Exercise Psychology,1993,15:16-38
[6]CARPENTER PJ,SCANLAN TK,SIMONS JP,et al.Atest of the sport commitment model using structural equation modeling[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,1993,15:119-133.
[7]SOUSA C,TORREGROSA M,VILADRICH C,et al.The commitment of young soccer players[J].Psicothema,2007,19(2):256-262.
[8]CHOOSAKUL C,VONGJATURAPAT N,LI F,et al.The sport commitment model:an investigation of structural relationships with Thai youth athlete populations[J].Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science,2009,13(3):123-139.
[9]CROCKER PRE,AUGAITIS L.Commitment in age class adult triathletes:examining gender differences in the sport commitment model[J].International Journal of Sport Psychology,2010,41(2):177-194.
[10]YOUNG BW,MEDIC N.Examining social influences on the sport commitment of masters swimmers[J].Psychology of Sport and Exercise,2011,12(2):168-175.
[11]ALEXANDRIS K,ZAHARIADIS P,TSORBATZOUDISC,et al.Testing the sport commitment model in the context of exercise and fitness participation[J].Journal of Sport Behaviour,2002,25(3):217-230.
[12]CASPER J.Sport commitment,participation frequency and purchase intention segmentation based on age,gender,income and skill level with us tennis participants[J].European Sport Management Quarterly,2007,7(3):269-282.
[13]WEISS WM,WEISS MR.Sport commitment among competitive female gymnasts:a developmental perspective[J].Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,2007,78(2):90-102.
[14]CASPER JM,STELLINO MB.Demographic predictors of recreational tennis participant's sport commitment[J].Journal of Park and Recreation Administration,2008,26(3):93-115.
[15]WIGGLESWORTH JC,YOUNG BW,MEDIC N,et al.Examining gender differences in the determinants of masters swimmers'sport commitment[J].International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,2012,10(3):236-250.
[16]WEISS WM,HALUPNIK D.Commitment to strength and conditioning:a sport commitment model perspective[J].The Journal of Strength&Conditioning Research,2013,27(3):718-722.
[17]金静静.我国高水平田径运动员运动职业承诺现状的研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2010.
[18]丁庆建,张瑞林,孙庆祝.大学生体育活动倾向性模型的构建与应用[J].中国体育科技,2009(4):41-43.
[19]陈善平,李树茁.大学生体育锻炼情景下运动承诺理论模型的检验[J].北京体育大学学报,2006,29(5):623-625.
[20]宋校能,张军.基于运动承诺的城市居民有偿体育锻炼坚持研究[J].体育学刊,2008,15(11):49-53.
[21]CARPENTER PJ,SCANLAN TK.Changes over time in the determinants of sport commitment[J].Pediatric Exercise Science,1998,10:356-365.
[22]SCHMIDT GW,STEIN GL.Sport commitment:a model integrating enjoyment,dropout,and burnout[J].Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,1991,8:254-265.
[23]金盛华.社会心理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:77-189.
[24]CARPENTER PJ.Modification and extension of the sport commitment model[J].Journal of Sport&Exercise Psychology,1995,17:37.
[25]WILSON PM,RODGERS WM,CARPENTER PJ,et al.The relationship between commitment and exercise behavior[J].Psychology of Sport and Exercise,2004,5(4):405-421.
[26]陈善平,闫振龙.运动承诺理论及相关研究综述[J].武汉体育学院学报,2007,41(1):51-54.
[27]戴维·迈尔斯.社会心理学[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006:9.
[28]何小珍.国内外运动承诺理论模型研究述评[J].首都体育学院学报,2011,23(6):568-571.
[29]李涛.心理学视野中的承诺研究[J].心理研究,2011,4(5):43-48.
[30]李臻,李薇.大学生运动承诺与锻炼坚持的关系研究[J].体育科研,2014,35(3):28-31.
[31]毛伟胜,曾朝恭.运动锻炼领域中关于承诺模型的研究进展及方向[J].南京体育学院学报,2007,21(2):15-18.
[32]邱芬,崔德刚,杨剑.基于运动承诺的大学生体育锻炼行为的影响因素研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2011,26(5):384-389.
[33]孙德荣,刘立军,何小珍.大学生体育活动的锻炼承诺和锻炼坚持性研究[J].天津体育学院院报,2011,26(6):549-552.
[34]吴健,陈善平.大学生坚持体育锻炼的特点及影响因素研究[J].山东体育学院院报,2008,24(1):83-86.
[35]吴健,陈善平,潘华山,等.在锻炼情境下2种运动承诺机构模型的比较[J].首都体育学院学报,2011,23(1):75-78.
[36]殷恒婵,周之华.青少年足球运动员运动倾向性不同因果模型的探讨[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),1999,35(4):555-559.
[37]翟一飞,亓圣华.承诺模型在运动锻炼中的研究进展[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2008,27(6):8-10.
[38]张军,尚志强.基于运动承诺的城市居民付费体育锻炼坚持研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2009,32(3):36-39.
[39]BUCHANAN T.Commitment and leisure behavior:a theoretical perspective[J].Leisure Sciences,1985,7(4):401-420.
[40]CASPER JM,GRAY DP,BABKES STELLINO M.Asport commitment model perspective on adult tennis players'participation frequency and purchase intention[J].Sport Management Review,2007,10(3):253-278.
[41]CASPER JM,ANDREW DPS.Sport commitment differences among tennis players on the basis of participation outlet and skill level[J].Journal of Sport Behavior,2008,31(3):201-219.
[42]CHU AY,WANG CH.Differences in level of sport commitment among college dance sport competitors[J].Social Behavior and Personality:an International Journal,2012,40(5):755-766.
[43]GARCIA-MAS A,PALOU P,GILI M,et al.Commitment,enjoyment and motivation in young soccer competitive players[J].The Spanish Journal of Psychology,2010,13(2):609-616.
[44]KELLY HH,THIBAUT JW.Interpersonal relations:a theory of interdependence[M].New York:Wiley-Interscience,1978.
[45]KELLEY HH.Love and commitment[M]//KELLY HH,BERSCHEID E,et al.Close relationships.New York:W.H.Freeman and Company,1983:265-314.
[46]ROBERT JOSEPH EDMUND ROY.A grounded theory approach to the extension and revision of scanlan's sport commitment model[D].BC:Simon Fraser University,2004.
[47]SCANLAN TK,RUSSELL DG,MAGYAR TM,et al.Project on elite athlete commitment(PEAK):III.an examination of the external validity across gender,and the expansion and clarification of the sport commitment model[J].Journal of Sport&Exercise Psychology,2009,31(6):685-705.
[48]SCANLAN TK,RUSSELL DG,SCANLAN LA,et al.Project on elite athlete commitment(PEAK):IV.identification of new candidate commitment sources in the sport commitment model[J].Journal of Sport&Exercise Psychology,2013,35(5):525-535.
[49]WEISS MR,KIMMEL LA,SMITH AL.Determinants of sport commitment among junior tennis players:enjoyment as a mediating variable[J].Pediatric Exercise Science,2001,13(2):131-144.
[50]WEISS WM,WEISS MR.A Longitudinal analysis of commitment among competitive female gymnasts[J].Psychology of Sport and Exercise,2006,7(3):309-323.
[51]WEISS WM,WEISS MR,AMOROSE AJ.Sport commitment among competitive female athletes:test of an expanded model[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,2010,28(4):423-434.
[52]WILLIAMS L.Commitment to sport and exercise:re-examining the literature for a practical and parsimonious model[J].Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health,2013,46:35-42.