纵振型超声振子的设计与有限元分析
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摘要
利用压电陶瓷的逆压电效应,依据夹心式压电超声换能器的设计理论,设计了一款可用于旋转超声铣削加工的纵振型超声振子。采用PZFLex仿真软件对影响超声振子谐振频率的因素进行了仿真研究,结果表明:超声振子谐振频率随刀具有效长度和过渡圆柱长度的增加而减小,随预紧螺栓长度和后端盖孔深度的增加而增大。根据仿真结果加工了纵振型超声振子,并对振子进行阻抗分析,测得其谐振频率为17.41 kHz,实物测得的谐振频率与仿真模型中预测的误差为5.763 6%。最后,基于实物测得的谐振频率,在200 V电压激励下测得振子输出的纵向振幅为2.016μm,可以满足旋转超声铣削加工的要求,从而验证了模型的有效性,为超声振子的进一步优化设计提供依据。
Based on the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics, according to the design theory of sandwich piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer, a longitudinally vibrating ultrasonic vibrator which can be used for rotary ultrasonic milling is designed. Using PZFLex simulation software to simulate the factors affecting the resonant frequency of ultrasonic vibrator, the results show that the resonant frequency of the ultrasonic oscillator decreases with the increase of the effective length of the tool and the length of the transition cylinder, and increases with the length of the pre-tightening bolt and the depth of the rear cover hole. The longitudinally vibrating ultrasonic vibrator is processed according to the simulation results, and the impedance of the vibrator is analyzed, the resonance frequency of the real object is 17.41 kHz. Comparing to the resonance frequency of the simulation model, the predicted error of resonance frequency is 5.763 6%. Finally, based on the measured resonant frequency, the vertical amplitudes of the vibrator output is2.016 μm respectively under the excitation of 200 V voltages, which can meet the requirements of rotary ultrasonic longitudinal vibration milling. Thus, the validity of the model provides a basis for further optimization of the ultrasonic vibrator.
Based on the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics, according to the design theory of sandwich piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer, a longitudinally vibrating ultrasonic vibrator which can be used for rotary ultrasonic milling is designed. Using PZFLex simulation software to simulate the factors affecting the resonant frequency of ultrasonic vibrator, the results show that the resonant frequency of the ultrasonic oscillator decreases with the increase of the effective length of the tool and the length of the transition cylinder, and increases with the length of the pre-tightening bolt and the depth of the rear cover hole. The longitudinally vibrating ultrasonic vibrator is processed according to the simulation results, and the impedance of the vibrator is analyzed, the resonance frequency of the real object is 17.41 kHz. Comparing to the resonance frequency of the simulation model, the predicted error of resonance frequency is 5.763 6%. Finally, based on the measured resonant frequency, the vertical amplitudes of the vibrator output is2.016 μm respectively under the excitation of 200 V voltages, which can meet the requirements of rotary ultrasonic longitudinal vibration milling. Thus, the validity of the model provides a basis for further optimization of the ultrasonic vibrator.
引文
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[2]Phadnis V A,Roy A,Silberschmidt V V. A finite element model of ultrasonically assisted drilling in carbon/epoxy composites[J]. Procedia Cirp,2013,8:141–146.
[3]Choi Y J,Park K H,Hong Y H,et al. Effect of ultrasonic vibration in grinding; horn design and experiment[J]. International Journal of Precision Engineering&Manufacturing,2013,14(11):1873–1879.
[4]张加波,石文天,刘汉良,等.碳纤维复合材料超声振动加工[J].宇航材料工艺,2014,44(1):122–126.
[5]Xu Z,Yin S. Ultrasonic two-axis vibration transducer driven by single actuator and its application in precision polishing[J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2012(9):47–52.
[6]刘泽祥,康敏,陶晓.超声电解复合加工装置的振动系统优化设计[J].中国机械工程,2014,25(6):761–765.
[7]童志强.纵扭共振旋转超声加工碳纤维复合材料的研究[D].厦门:集美大学,2014.
[8]Ishikawa K I,Suwabe H,Nishide T,et al. A study on combined vibration drilling by ultrasonic and low-frequency vibrations for hard and brittle materials[J]. Precision Engineering,1998,22(4):196–205.
[9]温任林,颜景平.压电式超声振动切削系统的研究[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,1997,27(2):90–94.
[10]史兴宽,康仁科,卢海鹏.内圆超声振动磨削装置的设计[J].精密制造与自动化,1997(1):52–54.
[11]颜忠余,林仲茂.夹心压电换能器的优化设计—分析各参数对换能器性能的影响[J].声学学报,1995(1):18–25.
[12]林书玉.超声技术的基石—超声换能器的原理及设计[J].物理,2009,38(3):141–148.
[13]郑书友.旋转超声加工机床的研制及实验研究[D].厦门:华侨大学,2008.
[14]李龙,高延峰,张震.基于PZFlex的超声滚压振子仿真分析[J].制造业自动化,2017,39(4):96–99.