基于光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪多普勒激光雷达鉴频器的校准及风速探测（英文）
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摘要
分析了光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪作为鉴频器的多普勒激光雷达风速探测灵敏度及动态范围与光程差的关系.当光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪光程差从0.1 m变化到1.5 m时,对应风速探测范围从±199.5m/s变化到±13.3m/s.光程差为0.45m时,风速变化1m/s对应的最高灵敏度为2.15%.光程差误差将导致风速反演误差.当光程差为0.145 9m和1.088 9m时,1nm的光程差误差将导致反演风速误差分别为1.028m/s和0.138m/s.应用激光波长调谐的方法得到光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的透过率曲线,由自由光谱范围精确确定了光程差的值.应用此干涉仪作为鉴频器的激光雷达完成了实际风速探测,反演风速与相干探测风速具有较好的一致性,证明了校准探测的正确性.
The wind measuring sensitivity and dynamic range for Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer(FMZI)based Doppler lidar are analyzed.The detection dynamic range is±199.5m/s and±13.3m/s for 0.1mand 1.5m Optical Path Difference(OPD).The optimal sensitivity is 2.15% with the change of wind speed of 1m/s,corresponding to an optimal OPD of 0.45 m.The OPD error will result in retrieval wind velocity error.When the OPD is equal to 0.145 9mor 1.088 9m,the retrieval wind velocity error is 1.028 m/s or 0.138 m/s for 1nm OPD error.We employed laser wavelength tuning method to determine the OPD of FMZI.The experiment has been implemented to calibrate OPD.This interferometer is used as a frequency discriminator in the lidar to detect the actual wind speed.The inversion of the wind speed is in good agreement with the coherent detection of the wind speed,which proves the correctness of the calibration detection.
The wind measuring sensitivity and dynamic range for Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer(FMZI)based Doppler lidar are analyzed.The detection dynamic range is±199.5m/s and±13.3m/s for 0.1mand 1.5m Optical Path Difference(OPD).The optimal sensitivity is 2.15% with the change of wind speed of 1m/s,corresponding to an optimal OPD of 0.45 m.The OPD error will result in retrieval wind velocity error.When the OPD is equal to 0.145 9mor 1.088 9m,the retrieval wind velocity error is 1.028 m/s or 0.138 m/s for 1nm OPD error.We employed laser wavelength tuning method to determine the OPD of FMZI.The experiment has been implemented to calibrate OPD.This interferometer is used as a frequency discriminator in the lidar to detect the actual wind speed.The inversion of the wind speed is in good agreement with the coherent detection of the wind speed,which proves the correctness of the calibration detection.
引文
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[3]SUN Dong-song,ZHONG Zhi-qing,ZHOU Jun,et al.Accuracy analysis of the Fabry-Perot etalon based Doppler wind lidar[J].Optical Review,2005,12(5):409-414.
[4]XIA Hai-yun,SUN Dong-song,YANG Yuan-hong,et al.Fabry-Perot interferometer based Mie Doppler lidar for low tropospheric wind observation[J].Applied Optics,2007,46(29):7120-7131.
[5]MCKAY J A.Assessment of a multibeam Fizeau wedge interferometer for Doppler wind lidar[J].Applied Optics,2002,41(9):1760-1767.
[6]LIU Zhao-yan,KOBAYASHI T.Differential discrimination technique for incoherent Doppler lidar to measure atmospheric wind and backscatter ratio[J].Optical Review,1996,3(1):47-52.
[7]DIDIER B.Mach-Zehnder interferometer as a spectral analyzer for molecular Doppler wind lidar[J].Applied Optics,2001,40(3):391-399.
[8]DIDIER B.Fringe-imaging Mach-Zehnder interferometer as a spectral analyzer for molecular Doppler wind lidar[J].Applied Optics,2002,41(3):503-509.
[9]DIDIER B,ANNE G,ALBERT H,et al.Wind-velocity lidar measurements by use of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer,comparison with a Fabry-Perot interferometer[J].Applied Optics,2004,43(1):173-182.
[10]DIDIER B,JACQUES P.Simultaneous measurements of particle backscattering and extinction coefficients and wind velocity by lidar with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer:principle of operation and performance assessment[J].Applied Optics,2003,42(6):1101-1114.
[11]SMITH J,CHU Xin-zhao.Investigation of a field-widened Mach-Zehnder receiver to extend Fe Doppler lidar wind measurements from the thermosphere to the ground[J].Applied Optics,2016,55(6):1366-1380.
[12]HAIR J W,CALDWELLl L M,KRUEGER D A,et al.High-spectral-resolution lidar with iodine-vapor filters:measurement of atmospheric-state and aerosol profiles[J].Applied Optics,2001,40(30):5280-5294.
[13]LIU Zhi-shen,WU Dong,LIU Jin-tao,et al.Low-altitude atmospheric wind measurement from the combined Mie and Rayleigh backscattering by Doppler lidar with an iodine filter[J].Applied Optics,2002,41(33):7079-7086.
[14]WANG Li,GAO Fei,WANG Jun,et al.Design and experimental verification of a novel Mie Doppler wind lidar based on all-fiber Mach-Zehnder frequency discriminator[J].Optics Communications,2017,389:5-9.
[15]WANG Li,TAN Lin-qiu,CHANG Bo,et al.Doppler lidar with high sensitivity and large dynamic range for atmospheric wind measurement[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2017,37(3):958-963.
[16]DANDRIDGE A.Zero path-length difference in fiber-optic interferometers[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,1983,1:514-516.
[17]PEDRETTI E,TRAUB W A,MONNIER J D,et al.Robust determination of optical path difference:fringe tracking at the infrared optical telescope array interferometer[J].Applied Optics,2005,44:5173-5179.
[18]HOUAIRI K,CASSAING F.Two-wavelength interferometry:extended range and accurate optical path difference analytical estimator[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America A,2009,26:2503-2511.
[19]SONG Ning-fang,LU Xiang-xiang,LI Wei,et al.Determining optical path difference with a frequency-modulated continuous-wave method[J].Applied Optics,2015,54(22):6661-6665.