熔炼条件对钐铁合金成分的影响
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摘要
采用X射线电子衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段表征分析了熔炼气氛、坩埚材质等对钐铁合金渗氮实验过程的影响,并探讨了熔炼温度与钐挥发量之间的关系。结果表明,钐铁合金在低真空熔炼过程中,钐极易挥发,并与氧发生化学反应,生成高熔点的难熔物质氧化钐,导致合金不易熔化,而在氩气气氛保护下钐铁合金熔化良好,且无杂质生成;相同熔炼温度下,氧化铝坩埚相比于氧化镁坩埚,与钐铁合金反应程度小,更适合钐铁合金的熔炼;合金中钐的挥发量随温度升高而逐渐增大,熔炼温度为1 510℃时钐挥发量达7%。
The influence of smelting atmosphere and crucible material on the nitriding process of samarium iron alloy was studied by means of XRD and SEM. The relationship between melting temperature and the amount of samarium volatilization was discussed. The results show that in the process of low vacuum melting,samarium is very volatile and reacts with oxygen to produce refractory material with high melting point,that is,samarium oxide,which causes the alloy to be difficult to melt. Under the protection of argon atmosphere,the samarium iron alloy melts well and no impurity is formed. At the same melting temperature,the alumina crucible reacts less with Sm-Fe alloy than the magnesia crucible,and is more suitable for the smelting Sm-Fe alloy. The volatilization amount of samarium in the alloy gradually increases with the temperature increasing,and the volatilization of samarium reaches 7% at the melting temperature of 1 510 ℃.
The influence of smelting atmosphere and crucible material on the nitriding process of samarium iron alloy was studied by means of XRD and SEM. The relationship between melting temperature and the amount of samarium volatilization was discussed. The results show that in the process of low vacuum melting,samarium is very volatile and reacts with oxygen to produce refractory material with high melting point,that is,samarium oxide,which causes the alloy to be difficult to melt. Under the protection of argon atmosphere,the samarium iron alloy melts well and no impurity is formed. At the same melting temperature,the alumina crucible reacts less with Sm-Fe alloy than the magnesia crucible,and is more suitable for the smelting Sm-Fe alloy. The volatilization amount of samarium in the alloy gradually increases with the temperature increasing,and the volatilization of samarium reaches 7% at the melting temperature of 1 510 ℃.
引文
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[2]YANG Y C,ZHANG X D,GE S L.Magnetic and crystallographic properties of novel Fe-rich rare earth nitrides of the type RTi Fe11Nx[J].Journal of applied physics,1991,70(10):6002-6008.
[3]HORIUCHI H,KOIKE U,KANEKO H.Effects of N,C and B additions on the Sm2Fe17crystal structure and magnetic properties[J].Journal of alloys and compounds,1995,222(1):131-135.
[4]王冰,范承恩.世界最强的最大磁能积的各向同性Sm-Zr-FeN系粘结磁粉[J].国外金属热处理,2002,23(2):6-7.
[5]王书桓,袁亮亮,赵定国,等.Sm2Fe17型合金氮化工艺的研究进展[J].中国稀土学报,2017,35(3):318-319.
[6]KOU X C.Coercivity of Sm Fe N permanent magnets produced by various techniques[J].Journal of alloys and compounds,1998,281:41-45.
[7]KOBAYASHI K,IRIYAMA T,YAMAGUCHI T.Magnetic properties of the single magnetic domain particles of Sm2Fe17Nxcompounds[J].Journal of alloys compounds,1993,193(1-2):235-238.
[8]DING J,MCCORMICK P G,STREET R.Structure and magnetic properties of mechanically alloyed SmxFe100-xnitride[J].Journal of alloys compounds,1992,189(1):83-86.
[9]车得福.多相流及其应用[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2007:1-4.
[10]SZEKELY J,WANG H J,KAISER K M.Flow pattern velocity and turbulence energy measurement and prediction in a water model of and argon-stirred ladle[J].Metallurgical and materials transactions B,1976,7(2):287-295.
[11]SZEKELY J,LEHNER T,CHANG C W.Flow phenomena,mixing and mass transfer in argon-stirred ladles[J].Ironmaking steelmaking,1979,6(6):285-295.
[12]ZHANG D T,GENG W T,YUE M.Magnetic properties and thermal stability of Mn Bi/Sm Fe N hybrid bonded magnets[J].Journal of applied physics,2014,115(17):2646-2654.