私家车驾驶员驾驶行为与人格特质的关系研究
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摘要
为研究私家车驾驶员不安全驾驶行为与人格特质的关系,选用大五人格理论作为人格特质理论,将不安全驾驶行为划分为3类(违规行为、疏忽失误、认知错误),并以此构架私家车驾驶员不安全驾驶行为与人格特质的关系模型,通过调查问卷收集数据,应用结构方程模型(SEM)验证所建模型。研究得出:外倾性对违规行为有正向影响(路径系数0.180);宜人性和尽责性对违规行为有负向影响(路径系数-0.962和-0.544);神经质对疏忽失误和认知错误均有正向影响(路径系数0.417和0.409);开放性对违规行为无显著影响。
For the sake of studying the relationships between unsafe driving behavior and personality traits of private car drivers, a model of the relationships between unsafe driving behavior and personality traits of private car drivers was built. Personality traits were measured by the big five personality theory, and unsafe driving behavior was divided into three categories(violations, lapses, cognitive errors). The data were collected by questionnaires and the model was verified by SEM. The result shows that extraversion has a positive relationship with violations(path coefficient 0.180), both agreeableness and conscientiousness have a negative relationship with violations(path coefficient-0.962 and-0.544), neuroticism has a positive relationship with lapses and cognitive errors(path coefficient 0.417 and 0.409), and openness has no significant relationship with violations.
For the sake of studying the relationships between unsafe driving behavior and personality traits of private car drivers, a model of the relationships between unsafe driving behavior and personality traits of private car drivers was built. Personality traits were measured by the big five personality theory, and unsafe driving behavior was divided into three categories(violations, lapses, cognitive errors). The data were collected by questionnaires and the model was verified by SEM. The result shows that extraversion has a positive relationship with violations(path coefficient 0.180), both agreeableness and conscientiousness have a negative relationship with violations(path coefficient-0.962 and-0.544), neuroticism has a positive relationship with lapses and cognitive errors(path coefficient 0.417 and 0.409), and openness has no significant relationship with violations.
引文
[1] 最新数据:上半年新登记机动车1636万辆新能源汽车达199万辆[EB/OL].[2018-09-12].http://jgzx.122.cn/c/2018-07-16/768580.shtml
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[3] 王晗,张建新,陈怀良.儿童乘车安全现状及影响因素分析[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(19):3 597-3 601,3 607.WANG Han, ZHANG Jianxin, CHEN Huailiang. The analysis of status and influential factors on child's safety of taking cars[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine,2013,40(19):3 597-3 601,3 607.
[4] 庞明宝, 裴亚男, 张宁. 中小学门口道路上学混合交通流的综合仿真[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2018,30(3): 1 162-1 170,1 177.PANG Mingbao, PEI Ya'nan, ZHANG Ning. Integrated simulation of mixed traffic flow on elementary and middle school gate's road when students going to school[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2018,30(3):1 162-1 170,1 177.
[5] 刘文歌, 赵胜川. 道路交通安全统计生命价值评价研究:基于单边界和双边界二分式条件价值法[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2013, 23(11): 138-144.LIU Wen'ge, ZHAO Shengchuan. Assessing value of a statistical life in road traffic safety by contingent value method with single and double bounded dichotomy[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2013, 23(11): 138-144.
[6] 李宪银, 徐琳, 孙璐. 出租车与私家车司机驾驶心智游移比较研究[J]. 黑龙江科技信息, 2017(13):292.
[7] 肖可, 刘旭霞, 黄春英,等. 罗湖区非职业驾驶员气质类型与交通安全相关性调查[J]. 公共卫生与预防医学, 2011, 22(5): 128-129.XIAO Ke, LIU Xuxia, HUANG Chunying, et al. Investigation on the correlation between temperament types of non-professional drivers and traffic safety in Luohu district [J]. Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 2011, 22(5): 128-129.
[8] 胡月琦, 刘浩学, 朱彤,等. 高速公路特长隧道环境中驾驶员视觉特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2017, 27(6): 31-36.HU Yueqi, LIU Haoxue, ZHU Tong, et al. Research on visual characteristics of drivers driving through extremely long expressway tunnel[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2017, 27(6): 31-36.
[9] VRIES J D, KOSTER R D, RIJSDIJK S, et al. Determinants of safe and productive truck driving: empirical evidence from long-haul cargo transport[J]. Transportation Research Part E Logistics & Transportation Review, 2017, 97: 113-131.
[10] SHI Xia, ZHANG Liang. Effects of altruism and burnout on driving behavior of bus drivers[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2017, 102: 110-115.
[11] CHENG A S K, TING K H, LIU K P Y, et al. Impulsivity and risky decision making among taxi drivers in Hongkong: an event-related potential study[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2016, 95(B): 387-394.
[12] 葛燕. 早晚型驾驶员的认知和行为差异[C].第十九届全国心理学学术会议摘要集,2016: 71-72.
[13] 陶达, 张瑞, 曲行达. 性别、年龄和人格特质对风险驾驶行为的影响[J]. 深圳大学学报:理工版, 2016, 33(6): 646-652.TAO Da, ZHANG Rui, QU Xingda. The effects of gender, age and personality traits on risky driving behaviors [J]. Journal of Shenzhen University Science and Engineering, 2016, 33(6): 646-652.
[14] 罗淑兰. 交通违法监控对驾驶人心理及行为安全影响机理研究[D]. 青岛: 青岛理工大学, 2017.LUO Shulan. Mechanism influence of traffic violation monitoring on psychology and behavior safety of drivers[D]. Qingdao: Qingdao University of Technology, 2017.
[15] CATTELL R B. The description of personality: basic traits resolved into clusters[J]. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 1943, 38(4): 476-506.
[16] EYSENCK S B, EYSENCK H J. Impulsiveness and venturesomeness: their position in a dimensional system of personality description[J]. Psychological Reports, 1978, 43(2): 1 247-1 255.
[17] TUPES E C, CHRISTAL R E. Recurrent personality factors based on trait ratings[J]. Journal of Personality, 1961, 60(2): 225-251.
[18] MCCRAE R R,TERRACCIANO A.Universal features of personality traits from the observer's perspective: data from 50 cultures [J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2005, 88(3): 547-561.
[19] 窦广波, 宋熙, 常若松. 人格对驾驶员危险知觉技能的影响[J]. 辽宁师范大学学报:社会科学版, 2016, 39(4): 46-50.DOU Guangbo, SONG Xi, CHANG Ruosong. Effect of personality on the driver's hazard perception skill.[J]. Journal of Liaoning Normal University: Social Science Edition, 2016, 39(4): 46-50.
[20] 郑东鹏, 蒋祖华, 章倩. 驾驶员风险驾驶行为及影响因素分析[J]. 人类工效学, 2014, 20(1): 20-25.ZHENG Dongpeng, JIANG Zuhua, ZHANG Qian. A study on driver's risky driving behavior and its influencing factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Ergonomics, 2014, 20(1): 20-25.
[21] LAJUNEN T, SUMMALA H. Driving experience, personality, and skill and safety-motive dimensions in drivers' self-assessments[J]. Personality & Individual Differences, 1995, 19(3): 307-318.
[22] 刘振兴. 驾驶人风险感知特性与驾驶行为关系研究[D]. 昆明: 昆明理工大学, 2016.LIU Zhenxing. Study on the relationship between driver's risk perception characteristics and driving behavior[D]. Kunming: Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2016.
[23] LEV D, HERSHKOVITZ E, YECHIAM E. Decision making and personality in traffic offenders: a study of Israeli drivers[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2008, 40(1): 223-230.
[24] 苏华斌, 王晓敏, 黄开勇,等.驾驶员个性特征及心理症状与交通事故倾向性关系[J].中国公共卫生, 2014, 30(12): 1 500-1 503.SU Huabin, WANG Xiaomin, HUANG Kaiyong, et al. Association of personality and psychology with accident proneness among drivers[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2014, 30(12): 1 500-1 503.
[25] SHEN Wei, HE Chundao. A comparative study of personality traits between accident drivers and safe drivers[J]. Psychological Science, 1994,17(5): 282-286.
[26] DAHLEN E R, EDWARDS B D, TUBRE T, et al. Taking a look behind the wheel: an investigation into the personality predictors of aggressive driving[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2012, 45(1): 1-9.
[27] SUMER N, LAJUNEN T, OZKAN T. Big five personality traits as the distal predictors of road accident involvement[C]. Proceedings of International Conference on Traffic and Transport Psychology, 2005: 215-227.
[28] UCZAK A, TARNOWSKI A. Validation of selected temperament and personality questionnaires for diagnosing drivers' aptitude for safe driving. a polish study[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2014, 70: 293-300.
[29] IVERSEN H, RUNDMO T. Personality, risky driving and accident involvement among Norwegian drivers[J]. Personality & Individual Differences, 2002, 33(8): 1 251-1 263.
[30] BENFIELD J A, SZLEMKO W J, BELL P A. Driver personality and anthropomorphic attributions of vehicle personality relate to reported aggressive driving tendencies[J]. Personality & Individual Differences, 2007, 42(2): 247-258.
[31] DAHLEN E R, WHITE R P. The big five factors, sensation seeking, and driving anger in the prediction of unsafe driving [J]. Personality & Individual Differences, 2006, 41(5): 903-915.
[32] 孙龙, 常若松, 李爽. 驾驶员人格对事故风险的影响[J]. 人类工效学, 2016, 22(2): 32-35.SUN Long, CHANG Ruosong, LI Shuang. Effect of personality on driver accident risk[J]. Chinese Journal of Ergonomics, 2016, 22(2): 32-35.
[33] 王孟成, 戴晓阳, 姚树桥. 中国大五人格问卷的初步编制Ⅲ:简式版的制定及信效度检验[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2011, 19(4): 454-457.WANG Mengcheng, DAI Xiaoyang, YAO Shuqiao. Development of the Chinese big five personality inventory (CBF-PI) Ⅲ:psychometric properties of CBF-PI brief version[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2011, 19(4): 454-457.
[34] JAMES R, ANTONY M, STEPHEN S, et al. Errors and violations on the roads: a real distinction?[J]. Ergonomics, 1990, 33(10/11): 1 315-1 332.
[35] CIUCUR D, PIRVUT A F. The “Big Five” personality factors and the working styles[J]. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012, 33: 662-666.
[36] SEIBOKAITE L, ENDRIULAITIENE A. The role of personality traits, work motivation and organizational safety climate in risky occupational performance of professional drivers[J]. Baltic Journal of Management, 2012, 7(1): 103-118.
[2] 杨柳. 交通死亡事故连续14年下降[N]. 无锡日报,2018-01-23(003).
[3] 王晗,张建新,陈怀良.儿童乘车安全现状及影响因素分析[J].现代预防医学,2013,40(19):3 597-3 601,3 607.WANG Han, ZHANG Jianxin, CHEN Huailiang. The analysis of status and influential factors on child's safety of taking cars[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine,2013,40(19):3 597-3 601,3 607.
[4] 庞明宝, 裴亚男, 张宁. 中小学门口道路上学混合交通流的综合仿真[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2018,30(3): 1 162-1 170,1 177.PANG Mingbao, PEI Ya'nan, ZHANG Ning. Integrated simulation of mixed traffic flow on elementary and middle school gate's road when students going to school[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2018,30(3):1 162-1 170,1 177.
[5] 刘文歌, 赵胜川. 道路交通安全统计生命价值评价研究:基于单边界和双边界二分式条件价值法[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2013, 23(11): 138-144.LIU Wen'ge, ZHAO Shengchuan. Assessing value of a statistical life in road traffic safety by contingent value method with single and double bounded dichotomy[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2013, 23(11): 138-144.
[6] 李宪银, 徐琳, 孙璐. 出租车与私家车司机驾驶心智游移比较研究[J]. 黑龙江科技信息, 2017(13):292.
[7] 肖可, 刘旭霞, 黄春英,等. 罗湖区非职业驾驶员气质类型与交通安全相关性调查[J]. 公共卫生与预防医学, 2011, 22(5): 128-129.XIAO Ke, LIU Xuxia, HUANG Chunying, et al. Investigation on the correlation between temperament types of non-professional drivers and traffic safety in Luohu district [J]. Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 2011, 22(5): 128-129.
[8] 胡月琦, 刘浩学, 朱彤,等. 高速公路特长隧道环境中驾驶员视觉特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2017, 27(6): 31-36.HU Yueqi, LIU Haoxue, ZHU Tong, et al. Research on visual characteristics of drivers driving through extremely long expressway tunnel[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2017, 27(6): 31-36.
[9] VRIES J D, KOSTER R D, RIJSDIJK S, et al. Determinants of safe and productive truck driving: empirical evidence from long-haul cargo transport[J]. Transportation Research Part E Logistics & Transportation Review, 2017, 97: 113-131.
[10] SHI Xia, ZHANG Liang. Effects of altruism and burnout on driving behavior of bus drivers[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2017, 102: 110-115.
[11] CHENG A S K, TING K H, LIU K P Y, et al. Impulsivity and risky decision making among taxi drivers in Hongkong: an event-related potential study[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2016, 95(B): 387-394.
[12] 葛燕. 早晚型驾驶员的认知和行为差异[C].第十九届全国心理学学术会议摘要集,2016: 71-72.
[13] 陶达, 张瑞, 曲行达. 性别、年龄和人格特质对风险驾驶行为的影响[J]. 深圳大学学报:理工版, 2016, 33(6): 646-652.TAO Da, ZHANG Rui, QU Xingda. The effects of gender, age and personality traits on risky driving behaviors [J]. Journal of Shenzhen University Science and Engineering, 2016, 33(6): 646-652.
[14] 罗淑兰. 交通违法监控对驾驶人心理及行为安全影响机理研究[D]. 青岛: 青岛理工大学, 2017.LUO Shulan. Mechanism influence of traffic violation monitoring on psychology and behavior safety of drivers[D]. Qingdao: Qingdao University of Technology, 2017.
[15] CATTELL R B. The description of personality: basic traits resolved into clusters[J]. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 1943, 38(4): 476-506.
[16] EYSENCK S B, EYSENCK H J. Impulsiveness and venturesomeness: their position in a dimensional system of personality description[J]. Psychological Reports, 1978, 43(2): 1 247-1 255.
[17] TUPES E C, CHRISTAL R E. Recurrent personality factors based on trait ratings[J]. Journal of Personality, 1961, 60(2): 225-251.
[18] MCCRAE R R,TERRACCIANO A.Universal features of personality traits from the observer's perspective: data from 50 cultures [J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2005, 88(3): 547-561.
[19] 窦广波, 宋熙, 常若松. 人格对驾驶员危险知觉技能的影响[J]. 辽宁师范大学学报:社会科学版, 2016, 39(4): 46-50.DOU Guangbo, SONG Xi, CHANG Ruosong. Effect of personality on the driver's hazard perception skill.[J]. Journal of Liaoning Normal University: Social Science Edition, 2016, 39(4): 46-50.
[20] 郑东鹏, 蒋祖华, 章倩. 驾驶员风险驾驶行为及影响因素分析[J]. 人类工效学, 2014, 20(1): 20-25.ZHENG Dongpeng, JIANG Zuhua, ZHANG Qian. A study on driver's risky driving behavior and its influencing factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Ergonomics, 2014, 20(1): 20-25.
[21] LAJUNEN T, SUMMALA H. Driving experience, personality, and skill and safety-motive dimensions in drivers' self-assessments[J]. Personality & Individual Differences, 1995, 19(3): 307-318.
[22] 刘振兴. 驾驶人风险感知特性与驾驶行为关系研究[D]. 昆明: 昆明理工大学, 2016.LIU Zhenxing. Study on the relationship between driver's risk perception characteristics and driving behavior[D]. Kunming: Kunming University of Science and Technology, 2016.
[23] LEV D, HERSHKOVITZ E, YECHIAM E. Decision making and personality in traffic offenders: a study of Israeli drivers[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2008, 40(1): 223-230.
[24] 苏华斌, 王晓敏, 黄开勇,等.驾驶员个性特征及心理症状与交通事故倾向性关系[J].中国公共卫生, 2014, 30(12): 1 500-1 503.SU Huabin, WANG Xiaomin, HUANG Kaiyong, et al. Association of personality and psychology with accident proneness among drivers[J]. Chinese Journal of Public Health, 2014, 30(12): 1 500-1 503.
[25] SHEN Wei, HE Chundao. A comparative study of personality traits between accident drivers and safe drivers[J]. Psychological Science, 1994,17(5): 282-286.
[26] DAHLEN E R, EDWARDS B D, TUBRE T, et al. Taking a look behind the wheel: an investigation into the personality predictors of aggressive driving[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2012, 45(1): 1-9.
[27] SUMER N, LAJUNEN T, OZKAN T. Big five personality traits as the distal predictors of road accident involvement[C]. Proceedings of International Conference on Traffic and Transport Psychology, 2005: 215-227.
[28] UCZAK A, TARNOWSKI A. Validation of selected temperament and personality questionnaires for diagnosing drivers' aptitude for safe driving. a polish study[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2014, 70: 293-300.
[29] IVERSEN H, RUNDMO T. Personality, risky driving and accident involvement among Norwegian drivers[J]. Personality & Individual Differences, 2002, 33(8): 1 251-1 263.
[30] BENFIELD J A, SZLEMKO W J, BELL P A. Driver personality and anthropomorphic attributions of vehicle personality relate to reported aggressive driving tendencies[J]. Personality & Individual Differences, 2007, 42(2): 247-258.
[31] DAHLEN E R, WHITE R P. The big five factors, sensation seeking, and driving anger in the prediction of unsafe driving [J]. Personality & Individual Differences, 2006, 41(5): 903-915.
[32] 孙龙, 常若松, 李爽. 驾驶员人格对事故风险的影响[J]. 人类工效学, 2016, 22(2): 32-35.SUN Long, CHANG Ruosong, LI Shuang. Effect of personality on driver accident risk[J]. Chinese Journal of Ergonomics, 2016, 22(2): 32-35.
[33] 王孟成, 戴晓阳, 姚树桥. 中国大五人格问卷的初步编制Ⅲ:简式版的制定及信效度检验[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2011, 19(4): 454-457.WANG Mengcheng, DAI Xiaoyang, YAO Shuqiao. Development of the Chinese big five personality inventory (CBF-PI) Ⅲ:psychometric properties of CBF-PI brief version[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2011, 19(4): 454-457.
[34] JAMES R, ANTONY M, STEPHEN S, et al. Errors and violations on the roads: a real distinction?[J]. Ergonomics, 1990, 33(10/11): 1 315-1 332.
[35] CIUCUR D, PIRVUT A F. The “Big Five” personality factors and the working styles[J]. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012, 33: 662-666.
[36] SEIBOKAITE L, ENDRIULAITIENE A. The role of personality traits, work motivation and organizational safety climate in risky occupational performance of professional drivers[J]. Baltic Journal of Management, 2012, 7(1): 103-118.