TC4钛合金电子束焊接接头在盐酸中的腐蚀行为研究
|
摘要
电子束焊相较于传统的焊接更适宜于钛合金,但焊接接头的腐蚀行为几乎未见报道,制约了其发展应用。采用金相、电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析了焊接接头组织,并采用电化学方法,分别研究了焊接接头整体、焊缝区域、母材区域在1 mol/L HCl介质中的耐蚀性能及腐蚀行为。结果表明:焊接接头母材组织由等轴α相与间隙中的β相组成,热影响区域由原始α相、β相与α’相组成,焊缝组织基本为单一α’相。焊缝耐蚀性能较母材更佳,焊接接头整体的耐蚀性能较母材差。随浸泡时间的增加,所有试样均经过了活性溶解、钝化膜产生和点蚀产生和发展的过程。浸泡后试样表面均产生了蚀孔,耐蚀性能急剧下降。
Electron beam welding is more suitable for titanium alloy than traditional methods,but the corrosion behaviors of the welded joints have been rarely reported for electron beam welding,which restricts its development and applications.In this paper,the microstructure of welded joints was analyzed by metallography,electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.Meanwhile,the corrosion resistance and corrosive behaviors of the overall welded joint,welding bead and base metal in 1 mol/L HCl medium were investigated by electrochemical method.The results show that the base material of the welded joint consists of the equiaxed α phase and the β phase in the gap,and the heat affected zone is composed of the original α phase,β phase and α' phase,while the weld bead is under the structure of α' phase only.The corrosion resistance of the weld bead is better than that of the base metal,and the corrosion resistance of the overall welded joint is worse than that of the base metal.With immersion time increasing,all samples undergo active dissolution,passivation film generation and destruction processes.After immersion,the surface of the samples is etched,the corrosion resistance decreases sharply.
Electron beam welding is more suitable for titanium alloy than traditional methods,but the corrosion behaviors of the welded joints have been rarely reported for electron beam welding,which restricts its development and applications.In this paper,the microstructure of welded joints was analyzed by metallography,electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.Meanwhile,the corrosion resistance and corrosive behaviors of the overall welded joint,welding bead and base metal in 1 mol/L HCl medium were investigated by electrochemical method.The results show that the base material of the welded joint consists of the equiaxed α phase and the β phase in the gap,and the heat affected zone is composed of the original α phase,β phase and α' phase,while the weld bead is under the structure of α' phase only.The corrosion resistance of the weld bead is better than that of the base metal,and the corrosion resistance of the overall welded joint is worse than that of the base metal.With immersion time increasing,all samples undergo active dissolution,passivation film generation and destruction processes.After immersion,the surface of the samples is etched,the corrosion resistance decreases sharply.
引文
[1] Liu Yinqi,Meng Xiangjun,Feng Yan,et al.An lnvestigation on the corrosion behavior of TB-19 alloy[J].Development & Application of Materials,2003,23(2):165-180.(刘茵琪,孟祥军,冯岩,等.TB-19合金腐蚀性能研究[J].材料的开发与应用,2003,23(2):165-180.)
[2] Cao Chunan.Electrochemical principle of corrosion[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006.(曹楚南.腐蚀电化学原理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.)
[3] Yuan Zhengjun,Guo Wengbin.Titanium chemical equipment corrosion and its prevention[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2009,36(5):193.(袁正君,郭文彬.钛制化工设备腐蚀及其防护[J].广东化工,2009,36(5):193.)
[4] Zhang Deyou.Research on the materials resistant to the dilute sulfuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid at medium temperature[J].Technological Development of Enterprise,2012,31(13):100-101.(张德友.耐中温稀硫酸和稀盐酸材料的研究[J].企业技术开发,2012,31(13):100-101.)
[5] He Yafeng,Lu Wenzhuang,Gan Weimin.Electrochemical corrosion behaviors of titanium alloy in different solutions[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2017,45(6):124-130.(何亚峰,卢文壮,干为民.钛合金在不同溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(6):124-130.)
[6] Chen J R,W T Tsai.In situ corrosion monitoring of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in H2SO4/HCl mixed solution using electrochemical AFM[J].Electrochimica Acta,2011,56(4):1746-1751.
[7] Balyanov A,Kutnyakova J,Amirkhanova N A,et al.Corrosion resistance of ultra fine-grained Ti[J].Scripta Materialia,2004,51:225-229.
[8] Garbacz H,Pisarek M,Kurzydlowski K J.Corrosion resistance of nanostructured titanium[J].Biomolecular Engineering,2007,24(5):559-563.
[9] Yi Jianglong,Chen Hexing.The current situation analysis of welding technology of the ocean engineering[J].Materials China,2015,34(12):938-943.(易江龙,陈和兴.海洋工程焊接技术现状与分析[J].中国材料进展,2015,34(12):938-943.)
[10] Bai Wei,Li Dadong,Li Jun,et al.Microstructures and mechanical properties of electron beam welded joint of TA1 medium plate[J].Electric Welding Machine,2017,47(2):31-35.(白威,李大东,李军,等.TA1中厚板电子束焊接头组织及力学性能[J].电焊机,2017,47(2):31-35.)
[11] Heidarbeigy M,Karimzadeh F,Saatchi A.Corrosion and galvanic coupling of heat treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy weldment[J].Materials Letters,2008,62(4):1575-1578.
[12] Karimzadeh F,Heidarbeigy M,Saatchi A.Effect of heat treatment on corrosion behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy weldments[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2008,206(9):388-394.
[13] Wang G Q,Zhao Z B,Yu B B.Effect of base material on microstructure and texture evolution of a Ti-6Al-4V electron beam welded joint[J].Acta Metall.Sin.(Engl.Lett.),2017,30(5):499-504.
[14] Zhao Yongqing,Chen Yongnan,Zhang Xuemin,et al.Phase transformation and heat treatment of titanium alloy[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2012.(赵永庆,陈永楠,张学敏,等.钛合金相变及热处理[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2012.)
[15] Deng Yunhua,Guan Qiao,Shi Yining,et al.Study on microstructure and its evolution of electron beam welded TC4 joint[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2015(17):131-135.(邓云华,关桥,史一宁,等.TC4钛合金电子束焊接头微观组织结构和演变分析[J].航空制造技术,2015(17):131-135.)
[16] Cao Chunan,Zhang Jianqing.Introduction to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.(曹楚南,张鉴清.电化学阻抗谱导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.)
[17] Sato N.Basics of corrosion chemistry[M].Wiley-VCH Verlag Gmb H & Co.KGa A,2011.
[18] Liu Yan,Tang Shawei,Liu Guangyi,et al.Effect of residual stress relaxation by means of local rapid induction heating on stress corrosion cracking behavior and electrochemical characterization of welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy under slow strain rate test[J].Met Mater Int,2017,23(3) :488-498.
[19] He Bowen,Ran Xianzhe,Tian Xiangjun,et al.Study on corrosion resistance of TC11 titanium alloy by laser additive manufacturing[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2016,43(4):81-87.(何博文,冉先喆,田象军,等.激光增材制造TC11钛合金的耐蚀性研究[J].中国激光,2016,43(4):81-87.)
[20] Fleck C,Eifler D.Corrosion,fatigue and corrosion fatigue behaviour of metal implant materials,especially titanium alloys[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2010,32(6):929-935.
[21] Jiang Yinglv,Wu Yinshun.Electrochemical reaction mechanism of titanium alloy in neutrol water and 3% NaCl solution explored by polarization curves[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2004,26(4):395-399.(姜应律,吴荫顺.利用极化曲线推测中性水溶液中钛合金表面的氧化还原反应机理[J].北京科技大学学报,2004,26(4):395-399.)
[22] Pourbaix M,Staehle R W.Lectures on electrochemical corrosion[M].New York:Plenum Press,1973.
[2] Cao Chunan.Electrochemical principle of corrosion[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006.(曹楚南.腐蚀电化学原理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.)
[3] Yuan Zhengjun,Guo Wengbin.Titanium chemical equipment corrosion and its prevention[J].Guangdong Chemical Industry,2009,36(5):193.(袁正君,郭文彬.钛制化工设备腐蚀及其防护[J].广东化工,2009,36(5):193.)
[4] Zhang Deyou.Research on the materials resistant to the dilute sulfuric acid and dilute hydrochloric acid at medium temperature[J].Technological Development of Enterprise,2012,31(13):100-101.(张德友.耐中温稀硫酸和稀盐酸材料的研究[J].企业技术开发,2012,31(13):100-101.)
[5] He Yafeng,Lu Wenzhuang,Gan Weimin.Electrochemical corrosion behaviors of titanium alloy in different solutions[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2017,45(6):124-130.(何亚峰,卢文壮,干为民.钛合金在不同溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(6):124-130.)
[6] Chen J R,W T Tsai.In situ corrosion monitoring of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in H2SO4/HCl mixed solution using electrochemical AFM[J].Electrochimica Acta,2011,56(4):1746-1751.
[7] Balyanov A,Kutnyakova J,Amirkhanova N A,et al.Corrosion resistance of ultra fine-grained Ti[J].Scripta Materialia,2004,51:225-229.
[8] Garbacz H,Pisarek M,Kurzydlowski K J.Corrosion resistance of nanostructured titanium[J].Biomolecular Engineering,2007,24(5):559-563.
[9] Yi Jianglong,Chen Hexing.The current situation analysis of welding technology of the ocean engineering[J].Materials China,2015,34(12):938-943.(易江龙,陈和兴.海洋工程焊接技术现状与分析[J].中国材料进展,2015,34(12):938-943.)
[10] Bai Wei,Li Dadong,Li Jun,et al.Microstructures and mechanical properties of electron beam welded joint of TA1 medium plate[J].Electric Welding Machine,2017,47(2):31-35.(白威,李大东,李军,等.TA1中厚板电子束焊接头组织及力学性能[J].电焊机,2017,47(2):31-35.)
[11] Heidarbeigy M,Karimzadeh F,Saatchi A.Corrosion and galvanic coupling of heat treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy weldment[J].Materials Letters,2008,62(4):1575-1578.
[12] Karimzadeh F,Heidarbeigy M,Saatchi A.Effect of heat treatment on corrosion behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy weldments[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2008,206(9):388-394.
[13] Wang G Q,Zhao Z B,Yu B B.Effect of base material on microstructure and texture evolution of a Ti-6Al-4V electron beam welded joint[J].Acta Metall.Sin.(Engl.Lett.),2017,30(5):499-504.
[14] Zhao Yongqing,Chen Yongnan,Zhang Xuemin,et al.Phase transformation and heat treatment of titanium alloy[M].Changsha:Central South University Press,2012.(赵永庆,陈永楠,张学敏,等.钛合金相变及热处理[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2012.)
[15] Deng Yunhua,Guan Qiao,Shi Yining,et al.Study on microstructure and its evolution of electron beam welded TC4 joint[J].Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology,2015(17):131-135.(邓云华,关桥,史一宁,等.TC4钛合金电子束焊接头微观组织结构和演变分析[J].航空制造技术,2015(17):131-135.)
[16] Cao Chunan,Zhang Jianqing.Introduction to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.(曹楚南,张鉴清.电化学阻抗谱导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.)
[17] Sato N.Basics of corrosion chemistry[M].Wiley-VCH Verlag Gmb H & Co.KGa A,2011.
[18] Liu Yan,Tang Shawei,Liu Guangyi,et al.Effect of residual stress relaxation by means of local rapid induction heating on stress corrosion cracking behavior and electrochemical characterization of welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy under slow strain rate test[J].Met Mater Int,2017,23(3) :488-498.
[19] He Bowen,Ran Xianzhe,Tian Xiangjun,et al.Study on corrosion resistance of TC11 titanium alloy by laser additive manufacturing[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2016,43(4):81-87.(何博文,冉先喆,田象军,等.激光增材制造TC11钛合金的耐蚀性研究[J].中国激光,2016,43(4):81-87.)
[20] Fleck C,Eifler D.Corrosion,fatigue and corrosion fatigue behaviour of metal implant materials,especially titanium alloys[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2010,32(6):929-935.
[21] Jiang Yinglv,Wu Yinshun.Electrochemical reaction mechanism of titanium alloy in neutrol water and 3% NaCl solution explored by polarization curves[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2004,26(4):395-399.(姜应律,吴荫顺.利用极化曲线推测中性水溶液中钛合金表面的氧化还原反应机理[J].北京科技大学学报,2004,26(4):395-399.)
[22] Pourbaix M,Staehle R W.Lectures on electrochemical corrosion[M].New York:Plenum Press,1973.