输水隧洞坡角对侧式进/出水口水力特性影响研究
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摘要
抽水蓄能电站侧式进/出水口具有双向过流的特点,进/出水口自身体型参数对其水力特性具有很大的影响,但连接的输水隧洞布置型式也同样会影响进/出水口水力特性,若输水隧洞布置不恰当,将可能导致进/出水口出现不利的水力特性。利用RSM紊流模型,以某侧式进/出水口为研究对象,在进/出水口体型不变的前提下,研究出流工况不同隧洞坡角对进/出水口内部流态、拦污栅断面流速不均匀系数、水头损失系数及流量分配等水力特性的影响。结果表明,当隧洞坡角等于扩散段垂向扩散角时,进/出水口内部流态较好,反向流速区的沿程范围、拦污栅断面流速不均匀系数及水头损失系数均最小。因此,当进/出水口扩散段垂向扩散角不大且各隧洞坡角均满足地形、地质条件的情况下,隧洞坡角等于扩散段垂向扩散角时,可获得较优的水力特性。
The side inlet/outlet of pumped storage power station has bidirectional flow characteristics.The shape parameters of the side inlet/outlet have a great influence on its hydraulic characteristics,though the layout of the connected water conveyance tunnel will also affect the hydraulic characteristics of the side inlet/outlet.If the layout of the water conveyance tunnel is not reasonable,it may lead to hydraulic characteristics adverse to the inlet/outlet.The paper investigated the influences of different tunnel slope on the hydraulic characteristics of the inlet/outlet on the condition of outflow using the turbulence model of RSM for a side inlet/outlet,given that the shape of the inlet and outlet remained the same.then The condition of outflow included the flow pattern,non-uniformity of flow velocity,the head loss coefficient and the flow distribution.The results showed that when the tunnel slope equaled the vertical diffusion angle of the diffusion section,the flow pattern in the inlet/outlet could be improved.The range and volume ratio of the reverse flow velocity area was the smallest,non-uniformity coefficient of flow velocity and the head loss coefficient were the smallest.Therefore,when the vertical diffusion angle of the inlet/outlet diffusing section was not large and each tunnel slope satisfied the topography and geological conditions,the tunnel slope was equal to the vertical diffusion angle of the diffusing section to obtain better hydraulic characteristics.
The side inlet/outlet of pumped storage power station has bidirectional flow characteristics.The shape parameters of the side inlet/outlet have a great influence on its hydraulic characteristics,though the layout of the connected water conveyance tunnel will also affect the hydraulic characteristics of the side inlet/outlet.If the layout of the water conveyance tunnel is not reasonable,it may lead to hydraulic characteristics adverse to the inlet/outlet.The paper investigated the influences of different tunnel slope on the hydraulic characteristics of the inlet/outlet on the condition of outflow using the turbulence model of RSM for a side inlet/outlet,given that the shape of the inlet and outlet remained the same.then The condition of outflow included the flow pattern,non-uniformity of flow velocity,the head loss coefficient and the flow distribution.The results showed that when the tunnel slope equaled the vertical diffusion angle of the diffusion section,the flow pattern in the inlet/outlet could be improved.The range and volume ratio of the reverse flow velocity area was the smallest,non-uniformity coefficient of flow velocity and the head loss coefficient were the smallest.Therefore,when the vertical diffusion angle of the inlet/outlet diffusing section was not large and each tunnel slope satisfied the topography and geological conditions,the tunnel slope was equal to the vertical diffusion angle of the diffusing section to obtain better hydraulic characteristics.
引文
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[13]孙双科,柳海涛,李振中,等.抽水蓄能电站侧式进/出水口拦污栅断面的流速分布研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(11):1329-1335.(SUN S K,LIU H T,LI Z Z,et al.Study on velocity distribution behind the trashrack in lateral intake/outlet of pumped storage power station[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(11):1329-1335.(in Chinese))
[14]张从联,朱红华,钟伟强,等.抽水蓄能电站进出水口水力学试验研究[J].水力发电学报.2005.24(2):60-63.(ZHANG C L,ZHU H H,ZHONG W Q,et al.Experimental research on inlet/outlet hydraulics of pump storage power plants[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2005,24(2):60-63.(in Chinese))
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[16]张春生,姜忠见.抽水蓄能电站设计[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2012.(ZHANG C S,JIANG Z J.The design of pumped storage power station[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2012.(in Chinese))
[17]王福军.计算流体动力学分析:CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.(WANG F J.Computational fluid dynamics analysis:principle and application of CFD software[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[2]王光纶,张文翠,李未显.抽水蓄能电站拦污栅结构振动特性模型试验研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2001,41(2):114-118.(WANG G L,ZHANG W C,LI W X.Experiment study of the free vibration characteristics of the trashrack of the Tianhuangping pumped-storage station[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Sci&Tech),2001,41(2):114-118.(in Chinese))
[3]张绍春,赵钟民,陈兆新.邦朗电站进水口拦污栅振动试验研究[J].水力发电学报,2003(1):76-82.(ZHANG S C,ZHAO Z M,CHEN Z X.Vibration test and study on trash rack of power intake at Paunglaung hydropower project[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2003(1):76-82.(in Chinese))
[4]蔡付林,胡明,张志明.双向水流侧式进出水口分流墩研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2000,28(2):74-77.(CAI F L,HU M,ZHANG Z M.Study on guide piers in flank inlet-outlet with double flow directions[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Science),2000,28(2):777.(in Chinese))
[5]沙海飞,周辉,黄东军.抽水蓄能电站侧式进/出水口数值模拟[J].水力发电学报,2009,28(1):84-88.(SHA H F,ZHOU H,HUANG D J.Numerical simulation on the side inlet/outlet of pumped storage power station[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2009,28(1):84-88.(in Chinese))
[6]高学平,李岳东,田野,等.抽水蓄能电站侧式进/出水口流量分配研究[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(6):87-94.(GAO X P,LI Y D,TIAN Y,et al.Flow distribution in side intake/outlet tunnel of pumped storage power stations[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2016,35(6):87-94.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11660/slfdxb.20160611.
[7]章军军,毛欣炜,毛根海,等.侧式短进出水口水力试验及体型优化[J].水力发电学报,2006,25(2):38-41.(ZHANG J J,MAO X W,MAO G H,et al.Experimental research and shape optimization on lateral short inlet/outlet[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2006,25(2):38-41.(in Chinese))
[8]高学平,叶飞,宋慧芳.侧式进/出水口水流运动三维数值模拟[J].天津大学学报,2006,39(5):518-522.(GAO X P,YE F,SONG H F.3Dnumerical simulation on the flow in side inlet/outlet[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2006,39(5):518-522.(in Chinese))
[9]王晨茜,张晨,张翰,等.侧式进/出水口流动分离现象研究[J].水力发电学报,2017,36(11):73-81.(WANG C X,ZHANG C,ZHANG H,et al.Flow separation in side inlets/outlets of pumped storage power stations[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2017,36(11):73-81.(in Chinese))DOI:10.11660/slfdxb.20171108.
[10] GAO X P,TIAN Y,SUN B W.Shape optimization of bi-directional flow passage components based on a genetic algorithm and computational fluid dynamics[J].Engineering Optimization,2017:1-17.DOI:10.1080/0305215X.2017.1400543.
[11] GAO X P,TIAN Y,SUN B W.Multi-objective optimization design of bidirectional flow passage components using RSM and NSGA II:A case study of inlet/outlet diffusion segment in pumped storage power station[J].Renewable Energy,2018,115:999-1013.DOI:10.1016/j.renene.2017.09.011.
[12]高学平,李建国,孙博闻,等.利用多岛遗传算法的侧式进/出水口体型优化研究[J].水利学报,2018,49(2):186-194.(GAO X P,LI J G,SUN B W,et al.Optimization of the shape of lateral intake/outlet using muti-island genetic algorithm[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2018,49(2):186-194.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20170650.
[13]孙双科,柳海涛,李振中,等.抽水蓄能电站侧式进/出水口拦污栅断面的流速分布研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(11):1329-1335.(SUN S K,LIU H T,LI Z Z,et al.Study on velocity distribution behind the trashrack in lateral intake/outlet of pumped storage power station[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(11):1329-1335.(in Chinese))
[14]张从联,朱红华,钟伟强,等.抽水蓄能电站进出水口水力学试验研究[J].水力发电学报.2005.24(2):60-63.(ZHANG C L,ZHU H H,ZHONG W Q,et al.Experimental research on inlet/outlet hydraulics of pump storage power plants[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2005,24(2):60-63.(in Chinese))
[15]邱彬如,刘连希.抽水蓄能电站工程技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008.(QIU B R,LIU L X.Engineering technology of pumped storage power station[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[16]张春生,姜忠见.抽水蓄能电站设计[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2012.(ZHANG C S,JIANG Z J.The design of pumped storage power station[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2012.(in Chinese))
[17]王福军.计算流体动力学分析:CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.(WANG F J.Computational fluid dynamics analysis:principle and application of CFD software[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2004.(in Chinese))