2000-2011年中国自然灾害灾情空间分布格局分析
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摘要
为揭示我国自然灾害灾情时空分布格局,采用我国2000-2011年年度自然灾害情况统计公报数据,通过灾情指标筛选、数据预处理、构建灾情指数和聚类分析,对全国自然灾害灾情总体空间分布格局,旱灾、洪涝(滑坡、泥石流)、台风、风雹四种典型灾害灾情全国分布格局,自然灾害灾情区域分布格局及其灾种组合特征进行了研究。结果表明:①我国自然灾害灾情总体上呈现出南重北轻、中东部重西部轻的空间分布格局,我国受灾最严重的省份基本全部集中于西南及长江中下游地区;②旱灾、洪涝灾害总体呈现出南涝北旱的特点,风雹灾害呈现全国普发态势,台风灾害主要集中于我国东南沿海地区;③全国自然灾害区域分布格局存在着明显的南重北轻特征,南方地区灾种组合以洪涝、风雹和台风灾害为主;北方地区灾种组合以旱灾和风雹灾害为主。
In order to reveal the time and spatial pattern of natural disasters in China,the annually statistic data of natural disasters between 2000 and 2011 is utilized through the disaster indicators selection,data preprocessing,disaster indicators building and cluster analysis.The study in this paper focuses on the major spatial pattern of natural disasters in China,distribution patterns of four typical natural disasters including the drought,flood(landslide and mudslide),typhoon and hail,the regional spatial pattern of natural disasters and the characteristic of natural disasters' combination.The results indicate that: ① In general the natural disasters are more serious in southern areas than northern areas in China,the worst affected provinces entirely centralize in southwest areas and the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river.② Disasters of drought and flood totally reflect the characteristic of droughts in the north and floods in the south.Hail disaster exists in the whole country,while typhoon mainly centralizes in southeastern coastal areas.③ The spatial patterns of natural disasters in China exist an obvious characteristic of severe damage in the south and slight damage in the north.The spatial pattern of natural disasters in the south is a combination of flood,hail and typhoon,while in the north is a combination of drought and hail.
In order to reveal the time and spatial pattern of natural disasters in China,the annually statistic data of natural disasters between 2000 and 2011 is utilized through the disaster indicators selection,data preprocessing,disaster indicators building and cluster analysis.The study in this paper focuses on the major spatial pattern of natural disasters in China,distribution patterns of four typical natural disasters including the drought,flood(landslide and mudslide),typhoon and hail,the regional spatial pattern of natural disasters and the characteristic of natural disasters' combination.The results indicate that: ① In general the natural disasters are more serious in southern areas than northern areas in China,the worst affected provinces entirely centralize in southwest areas and the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river.② Disasters of drought and flood totally reflect the characteristic of droughts in the north and floods in the south.Hail disaster exists in the whole country,while typhoon mainly centralizes in southeastern coastal areas.③ The spatial patterns of natural disasters in China exist an obvious characteristic of severe damage in the south and slight damage in the north.The spatial pattern of natural disasters in the south is a combination of flood,hail and typhoon,while in the north is a combination of drought and hail.
引文
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[15]李祚泳,杨怀金,燕鹏.基于免疫进化算法优化的灾情评估指数公式及效果检验[J].高原气象,2004,3(4):553-557.
[16]袁艺.2000-2007年省级区域自然灾害灾情分析[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(1):156-162.
[17]程立海,唐宏,周廷刚.自然灾害强度的评估方法及应用——基于综合灾情指数的研究[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(1):46-50.
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[3]廖永丰,聂承静,杨林生,等.洪涝灾害风险监测预警评估综述[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(3):361-367.
[4]李芬,于文金,张建新,等.干旱灾害评估研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(7):891-898.
[5]牛海燕,刘敏,陆敏,等.中国沿海地区近20年台风灾害风险评价[J].地理科学,2011,31(6):764-768.
[6]赵飞,廖永丰,张妮娜,等.登陆中国台风灾害损失预评估模型研究[J].灾害学,2011,26(2):81-85.
[7]雷晓云,张立新,邓西宝.新疆生产建设兵团农业风雹灾害风险评估[J].干旱区研究,2005,2(3):341-344.
[8]王世金,任贾文.国内外雪崩灾害研究综述[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(11):1529-1536.
[9]国志兴,钟兴春,方伟华,等.野火蔓延灾害风险评估研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(7):778-788.
[10]刘燕华.1990-1991年中国自然灾害程度的省际估价[J].中国减灾,1992,2(4):37-41.
[11]刘燕华.中国自然灾害灾情指标及区域特征探讨[J].中国减灾,1994,4(2):29-34.
[12]刘燕华,李鉅章,赵跃龙.中国近期自然灾害程度的区域特征[J].地理研究,1995,14(3):14-25.
[13]王静爱,史培军,朱骊.中国主要自然致灾因子的区域分异[J].地理学报,1994,49(1):18-25.
[14]邱玉珺,王静爱,邹学勇.区域灾情评价模型[J].自然灾害学报,2003,12(3):48-53.
[15]李祚泳,杨怀金,燕鹏.基于免疫进化算法优化的灾情评估指数公式及效果检验[J].高原气象,2004,3(4):553-557.
[16]袁艺.2000-2007年省级区域自然灾害灾情分析[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(1):156-162.
[17]程立海,唐宏,周廷刚.自然灾害强度的评估方法及应用——基于综合灾情指数的研究[J].自然灾害学报,2011,20(1):46-50.