阻容式直流断路器及其在柔直系统中的应用
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摘要
为减小柔性直流输电系统在直流线路故障后的换流器闭锁概率,提高系统故障隔离及重合闸恢复能力,提出了一种新型阻容式直流断路器(RC-DCCB)。该阻容式直流断路器的主开断支路中加入了电容、充电电阻及卸荷电阻构成的限流阻容结构,可利用电容充电及电阻卸荷过程有效抑制故障电流峰值,稳定断路器动作期间的直流电压及电流值。此外,进一步研究了阻容式直流断路器在柔直系统故障隔离及自动重合闸中的应用,基于阻容式直流断路器的故障保隔离方案能够在重合闸前的去游离阶段维持直流系统电压和电流稳定,且无需换流器闭锁或控制切换,有利于稳定交直流系统并快速恢复功率传输。由于将断路器的阻容支路并联于直流母线上作为多回直流线路的共用主开断支路,该直流断路器在换流器出线较多的场合具备一定经济性优势。在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建半桥MMC测试系统对所提阻容式直流断路器及其故障隔离方案进行仿真试验,仿真结果证明了其有效性。
In order to reduce the converter blocking probability after DC faults, and improve the effectiveness of fault isolation and reclosing of flexible DC system, we propose a new topology of DC circuit breaker, named as RC-DCCB(resistor and capacitor based DC circuit breaker, RC-DCCB). The breaking branch of the RC-DCCB is specially added by a capacitor, a charge resistor and a dump resistor, which can suppress fault current, resume DC voltage and DC current by capacitor charging and resistor absorbing energy. Moreover, the fault isolation and auto-reclosing strategies of flexible DC system based on RC-DCCB are studied correspondingly. The strategies can maintain DC voltage and current during deionization stage without converter blocking or control mode switching, which are helpful for operation stabilization and power restoration of AC and DC system. In addition, since the RC breaking branch is parallel to DC bus as a shared shunt branch of multiple DC lines, the DCCB is economical when the converter has several outlines. A test system based on half-bridge MMC is built in PSCAD/EMTDC to simulate the RC-DCCB and its fault clearing scheme, the results prove its validity.
In order to reduce the converter blocking probability after DC faults, and improve the effectiveness of fault isolation and reclosing of flexible DC system, we propose a new topology of DC circuit breaker, named as RC-DCCB(resistor and capacitor based DC circuit breaker, RC-DCCB). The breaking branch of the RC-DCCB is specially added by a capacitor, a charge resistor and a dump resistor, which can suppress fault current, resume DC voltage and DC current by capacitor charging and resistor absorbing energy. Moreover, the fault isolation and auto-reclosing strategies of flexible DC system based on RC-DCCB are studied correspondingly. The strategies can maintain DC voltage and current during deionization stage without converter blocking or control mode switching, which are helpful for operation stabilization and power restoration of AC and DC system. In addition, since the RC breaking branch is parallel to DC bus as a shared shunt branch of multiple DC lines, the DCCB is economical when the converter has several outlines. A test system based on half-bridge MMC is built in PSCAD/EMTDC to simulate the RC-DCCB and its fault clearing scheme, the results prove its validity.
引文
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[9]吴翊,荣命哲,钟建英,等.中高压直流开断技术[J].高电压技术,2018,44(2):337-342.WU Yi,RONG Mingzhe,ZHONG Jianying,et al.Medium and high voltage DC breaking technology[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(2):337-342.
[10]徐政,肖晃庆,徐雨哲.直流断路器的基本原理和实现方法研究[J].高电压技术,2018,44(2):347-357.XU Zheng,XIAO Huangqing,XU Yuzhe.Study on basic principle and its realization methods for DC circuit breakers[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(2):347-357.
[11]药韬,温家良,李金元,等.基于IGBT串联技术的混合式高压直流断路器方案[J].电网技术,2015,39(9):2484-2489.YAO Tao,WEN Jialiang,LI Jinyuan,et al.A hybrid high voltage DCcircuit breaker design plan with series-connected IGBTs[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(9):2484-2489.
[12]周猛,左文平,林卫星,等.电容换流型直流断路器及其在直流电网的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(4):1045-1052.ZHOU Meng,ZUO Wenping,LIN Weixing,et al.Capacitor commutated DC circuit breaker and its application in DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(4):1045-1052.
[13]MOKHBERDORAN A,CARVALHO A,SILVA N,et al.Design and implementation of fast current releasing DC circuit breaker[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2017,151:218-232.
[14]陈名,朱童,黎小林,等.柔性直流系统断路器保护配合研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(11):33-40.CHEN Ming,ZHU Tong,LI Xiaolin,et al.Research on protection coordination between flexible DC system and breaker[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(11):33-40.
[15]GUPTA R,BARKER C D,ADAMCZYK A,et al.Protection coordination in multi-terminal HVDC networks for DC fault clearance[C]∥13th International Conference on Development in Power System Protection(DPSP).Edinburgh,UK:IET,2016:1-6.
[16]YU Z Q,ZHU T,ZENG R,et al.Protection method and coordination with DC circuit breaker in DC distribution power grid[C]∥12th IETInternational Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission(ACDC).Beijing,China:IET,2016:1-6.
[17]李斌,何佳伟,李晔,等.多端柔性直流系统直流故障保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(17):4627-4636.LI Bin,HE Jiawei,LI Ye,et al.DC fault protection strategy for the flexible multi-terminal DC system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(17):4627-4636.
[18]刘高任,许烽,徐政,等.适用于直流电网的组合式高压直流断路器[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):70-77.LIU Gaoren,XU Feng,XU Zheng,et al.An assembled HVDC breaker for HVDC grid[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(1):70-77.
[19]ANDERSSON M,CAI R,XIE H.Novel solutions for LCC HVDCfault ride through[C]∥International High Voltage Direct Current Conference(HVDC).Shanghai,China:IET,2016:32-36.
[20]VINOTHKUMAR K,SEGERQVIST I,JOHANNESSON N,et al.Sequential auto-reclosing method for hybrid HVDC breaker in VSCHVDC links[C]∥2nd Annual Southern Power Electronics Conference(SPEC).Auckland,New Zealand:IEEE,2017:1-6.
[21]MARTINEZ-VELASCO J A,MAGNUSSON J.Parametric analysis of the hybrid HVDC circuit breaker[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2017,84:284-295.
[22]赵成勇,李探,俞露杰,等.MMC-HVDC直流单极接地故障分析与换流站故障恢复策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(21):3518-3526.ZHAO Chengyong,LI Tan,YU Lujie,et al.DC Pole-to-ground fault characteristic analysis and converter fault recovery strategy of MMC-HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(21):3518-3526.
[23]HASSANPOOR A,H?FNER J,JACOBSON B.Technical assessment of load commutation switch in hybrid HVDC breaker[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(10):5393-5400.
[24]HAFNER J.Proactive hybrid HVDC breakers-a key innovation for reliable HVDC grids[C]∥The Electric Power System of the Future-Integrating Supergrids and Microgrids International Symposium.Bologna,Italy:CIGRE,2011:1-8.
[2]徐政,刘高任,张哲任.柔性直流输电网的故障保护原理研究[J].高电压技术,2017,43(1):1-8.XU Zheng,LIU Gaoren,ZHANG Zheren.Research on fault protection principle of DC grids[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(1):1-8.
[3]刘剑,邰能灵,范春菊,等.柔性直流输电线路故障处理与保护技术评述[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(20):158-167.LIU Jian,TAI Nengling,FAN Chunju,et al.Comments on fault handling and protection technology for VSC-HVDC transmission lines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(20):158-167.
[4]李斌,何佳伟,冯亚东,等.多端柔性直流电网保护关键技术[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(21):2-12.LI Bin,HE Jiawei,FENG Yadong,et al.Key techniques for protection of multi-terminal flexible DC grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(21):2-12.
[5]李斌,何佳伟.多端柔性直流电网故障隔离技术研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):87-95.LI Bin,HE Jiawei.Key techniques for protection of multi-terminal flexible DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):87-95.
[6]彭发喜,汪震,邓银秋,等.混合式直流断路器在柔性直流电网中应用初探[J].电网技术,2017,41(7):2092-2098.PENG Faxi,WANG Zhen,DENG Yinqiu,et al.Potentials of hybrid HVDC circuit breakers’application to MMC-HVDC grid[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(7):2092-2098.
[7]郑占锋,邹积岩,董恩源,等.直流开断与直流断路器[J].高压电器,2006,42(6):445-449.ZHENG Zhanfeng,ZOU Jiyan,DONG Enyuan,et al.DC interruption and DC circuit breaker[J],High Voltage Apparatus,2006,42(6):445-449.
[8]裘鹏,黄晓明,王一,等.高压直流断路器在舟山柔直工程中的应用[J].高电压技术,2018,44(2):403-408.QIU Peng,HUANG Xiaoming,WANG Yi,et al.Application of high voltage DC circuit breaker in Zhoushan VSC-HVDC transmission project[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(2):403-408.
[9]吴翊,荣命哲,钟建英,等.中高压直流开断技术[J].高电压技术,2018,44(2):337-342.WU Yi,RONG Mingzhe,ZHONG Jianying,et al.Medium and high voltage DC breaking technology[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(2):337-342.
[10]徐政,肖晃庆,徐雨哲.直流断路器的基本原理和实现方法研究[J].高电压技术,2018,44(2):347-357.XU Zheng,XIAO Huangqing,XU Yuzhe.Study on basic principle and its realization methods for DC circuit breakers[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(2):347-357.
[11]药韬,温家良,李金元,等.基于IGBT串联技术的混合式高压直流断路器方案[J].电网技术,2015,39(9):2484-2489.YAO Tao,WEN Jialiang,LI Jinyuan,et al.A hybrid high voltage DCcircuit breaker design plan with series-connected IGBTs[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(9):2484-2489.
[12]周猛,左文平,林卫星,等.电容换流型直流断路器及其在直流电网的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(4):1045-1052.ZHOU Meng,ZUO Wenping,LIN Weixing,et al.Capacitor commutated DC circuit breaker and its application in DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(4):1045-1052.
[13]MOKHBERDORAN A,CARVALHO A,SILVA N,et al.Design and implementation of fast current releasing DC circuit breaker[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2017,151:218-232.
[14]陈名,朱童,黎小林,等.柔性直流系统断路器保护配合研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(11):33-40.CHEN Ming,ZHU Tong,LI Xiaolin,et al.Research on protection coordination between flexible DC system and breaker[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(11):33-40.
[15]GUPTA R,BARKER C D,ADAMCZYK A,et al.Protection coordination in multi-terminal HVDC networks for DC fault clearance[C]∥13th International Conference on Development in Power System Protection(DPSP).Edinburgh,UK:IET,2016:1-6.
[16]YU Z Q,ZHU T,ZENG R,et al.Protection method and coordination with DC circuit breaker in DC distribution power grid[C]∥12th IETInternational Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission(ACDC).Beijing,China:IET,2016:1-6.
[17]李斌,何佳伟,李晔,等.多端柔性直流系统直流故障保护方案[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(17):4627-4636.LI Bin,HE Jiawei,LI Ye,et al.DC fault protection strategy for the flexible multi-terminal DC system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(17):4627-4636.
[18]刘高任,许烽,徐政,等.适用于直流电网的组合式高压直流断路器[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):70-77.LIU Gaoren,XU Feng,XU Zheng,et al.An assembled HVDC breaker for HVDC grid[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(1):70-77.
[19]ANDERSSON M,CAI R,XIE H.Novel solutions for LCC HVDCfault ride through[C]∥International High Voltage Direct Current Conference(HVDC).Shanghai,China:IET,2016:32-36.
[20]VINOTHKUMAR K,SEGERQVIST I,JOHANNESSON N,et al.Sequential auto-reclosing method for hybrid HVDC breaker in VSCHVDC links[C]∥2nd Annual Southern Power Electronics Conference(SPEC).Auckland,New Zealand:IEEE,2017:1-6.
[21]MARTINEZ-VELASCO J A,MAGNUSSON J.Parametric analysis of the hybrid HVDC circuit breaker[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2017,84:284-295.
[22]赵成勇,李探,俞露杰,等.MMC-HVDC直流单极接地故障分析与换流站故障恢复策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(21):3518-3526.ZHAO Chengyong,LI Tan,YU Lujie,et al.DC Pole-to-ground fault characteristic analysis and converter fault recovery strategy of MMC-HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(21):3518-3526.
[23]HASSANPOOR A,H?FNER J,JACOBSON B.Technical assessment of load commutation switch in hybrid HVDC breaker[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(10):5393-5400.
[24]HAFNER J.Proactive hybrid HVDC breakers-a key innovation for reliable HVDC grids[C]∥The Electric Power System of the Future-Integrating Supergrids and Microgrids International Symposium.Bologna,Italy:CIGRE,2011:1-8.