一种N相中点钳位型三电平逆变器的PWM策略
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摘要
本文研究了N相中点钳位型三电平逆变器(NPC 3LI)的调制策略和中点电压控制方法。提出一种适用于N相NPC 3LI的PWM策略——N相虚拟空间矢量脉宽调制策略(N-VSVPWM),这种PWM策略通过准确地计算和执行每相1电平占空比实现中点电压无条件平衡。一些非理想因素(如死区插入)会破坏该PWM策略的中点电压自平衡能力,因此,本文还提出基于N-VSVPWM的中点电压主动控制方法。理论分析和实验结果表明,N-VSVPWM较空间矢量脉宽调制策略(SVPWM)具有更好的中点电压控制能力,较好的谐波特性,但是开关损耗有所上升。
This paper studies the modulation strategy and neutral point voltage control method of N-phase neutral point clamped 3-level inverter. A novel PWM strategy for N-phase NPC 3 LI is proposed, named N-phase virtual space vector pulse width modulation strategy. This PWM strategy unconditionally balances the midpoint voltage by accurately calculating and executing a 1-level duty cycle per phase. Some non-ideal factors, such as dead zone insertion, will destroy the midpoint voltage self-balancing capability of the PWM strategy. Therefore, this paper also proposes active neutral point voltage control based on N-VSVPWM. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that N-VSVPWM has better midpoint voltage control capability and better harmonic characteristics than space vector pulse width modulation strategy, but the switching loss increases.
This paper studies the modulation strategy and neutral point voltage control method of N-phase neutral point clamped 3-level inverter. A novel PWM strategy for N-phase NPC 3 LI is proposed, named N-phase virtual space vector pulse width modulation strategy. This PWM strategy unconditionally balances the midpoint voltage by accurately calculating and executing a 1-level duty cycle per phase. Some non-ideal factors, such as dead zone insertion, will destroy the midpoint voltage self-balancing capability of the PWM strategy. Therefore, this paper also proposes active neutral point voltage control based on N-VSVPWM. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that N-VSVPWM has better midpoint voltage control capability and better harmonic characteristics than space vector pulse width modulation strategy, but the switching loss increases.
引文
[1]胡存刚,马大俊,王群京,等.三电平有源中点钳位逆变器损耗分布平衡控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(1):129-138.Hu Cungang,Ma Dajun,Wang Qunjing,et al.Control strategy of loss distribution balancing for three-level active neutral-point-clamped inverter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(1):129-138.
[2]郭小强,贺冉,张纯江.高压大容量五电平逆变器共模电压抑制研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(3):1-7.Guo Xiaoqiang,He Ran,Zhang Chunjiang.Commonmode voltage reduction of high voltage high power five-level inverters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(3):1-7.
[3]Sommer R,Mertens A,Brunotte C,et al.Medium voltage drive system with NPC three-level inverter using IGBTs[C]//IEEE Seminar PWM Medium Voltage Drives,Birmingham,UK,2000,DOI:10.10491/ic:20000335.
[4]Menzies R W,Steimer P,Steinke J K.Five-level GTO inverters for large induction motor drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1994,30(4):938-944.
[5]Pou J,Pindado R,Boroyevich D,et al.Limits of the neutral-point balance in back-to-back-connected three-level converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2004,19(3):722-731.
[6]Xia Changliang,Gu Xin,Shi Tingna,et al.Neutralpoint voltage balancing of three-level inverters in direct-driven wind energy conversion system[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2011,26(1):18-29.
[7]姜卫东,赵德勇,胡杨,等.基于载波实现的二极管钳位型三电平逆变器虚拟空间矢量脉宽调制方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(12):153-160.Jiang Weidong,Zhao Deyong,Hu Yang,et al.Carrier-based virtual space vector pulse width modulation for diode clamped three-level inverter[J]Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(12):153-160.
[8]余世瑶,王琛琛,辛宏亮,等.考虑三电平中点钳位型变换器中点电压波动抑制的混合调制方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(增刊1):146-154.Yu Shiyao,Wang Chenchen,Xin Hongliang,et al Hybrid PWM strategy for neutral point voltage fluctuation suppression of three level neutral point clamped converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(S1):146-154.
[9]陈娟,何英杰,王新宇,等.三电平空间矢量与载波调制策略统一理论的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(9):71-78.Chen Juan,He Yingjie,Wang Xinyu,et al.Research of the unity theory between three-level space vector and carrier-based PWM modulation strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(9):71-78.
[10]方辉,宋文胜,冯晓云,等.三电平SVPWM与CBPWM算法的内在联系研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,29(10):19-26.Fang Hui,Song Wensheng,Feng Xiaoyun,et al.Relationship between three-level SVPWM and CBPWM[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,29(10):19-26.
[11]Giri S K,Chakrabarti S,Banerjee S,et al.A carrier based PWM scheme for neutral point voltage balancing in three level inverter extending to full power factor range[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(3):1873-1883.
[12]Lewicki A,Krzeminski Z,Abu-Rub H.Space-vector pulsewidth modulation for three-level NPC converter with the neutral point voltage control[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(11):5076-5086.
[13]Lazhar Ben-Brahim.A discontinuous PWM method for balancing the neutral point voltage in three-level inverter-fed variable frequency drives[J].IEEETransactions on Energy Conversion,2008,23(4):1057-1063.
[14]安少亮,孙向东,陈樱娟,等.一种新的不连续PWM统一化实现方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(24):59-66,11.An Shaoliang,Sun Xiangdong,Chen Yinjuan,et al A new generalized implementation method of discontinuous PWM[J].Proceedings of the CSEE2012,32(24):59-66,11.
[15]Jiang W,Du S,Chang L,et al.Hybrid PWM strategy of SVPWM and VSVPWM for NPC three-level voltage-source inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(10):2607-2619.
[16]Monge S B,Bordonau J,Boroyevich D,et al.The nearest three virtual space vector PWM-a modulation for the comprehensive neutral-point balancing in the three-level NPC inverter[J].IEEE Power Electronics Letters,2004,2(1):11-15.
[17]Xia Changliang,Shao Hongjun,Zhang Yun,et al Adjustable proportional hybrid SVPWM strategy for neutral-point-clamped three-level inverters[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(10):4234-4242.
[18]Monge S B,Josep B,Rocabert J.A virtual-vector pulse width modulation for the four-level diodeclamped DC-AC converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2008,23(4):1964-1972.
[19]Monge S B,Alepuz S,Rocabert J,et al.Pulsewidth modulations for the comprehensive capacitor voltage balance of n-level three-leg diode-clamped converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(5):1364-1375.
[20]Monge S B,Maheshwari R K,Nielsen S M.Overmodulation of n-level three-leg DC-AC diodeclamped converters with comprehensive capacitor voltage balance[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(5):1872-1883.
[21]Hu C,Yu X,Holmes D G,et al.An improved virtual space vector modulation scheme for three-level active neutral-point-clamped inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(10):7419-7434.
[22]Nanoty A,Chudasama A.Design of multiphase induction motor for electric ship propulsion[C]//2011 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium,Alexandria,USA,2011:283-287.
[23]Duran M,Kouro S,Wu B,et al.Six phase PMSGwind energy conversion system based on mediumvoltage multilevel converter[C]//2011 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,Birmingham,UK,2011:1-10.
[24]高宏伟,杨贵杰,刘剑.五相电压源逆变器的空间矢量脉宽调制方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(18):2917-2925.Gao Hongwei,Yang Guijie,Liu Jian.Research of space vector PWM techniques for five-phase voltage source inverter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(18):2917-2925.
[25]刘自程,李永东,郑泽东.多相电机控制驱动技术研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(24):17-29.Liu Zicheng,Li Yongdong,Zheng Zedong.Control and drive techniques for multiphase machines:a review[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(24):17-29.
[26]唐俊,王铁成,崔淑梅.五相逆变系统的SVPWM实现方法[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(7):64-72.Tang Jun,Wang Tiecheng,Cui Shumei.Implementation method of SVPWM for five-phase inverters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(7):64-72.
[27]Wu Xiang,Tan Guojun,Ye Zongbin,et al.Virtual-space-vector PWM for a three-level neutralpoint-clamped inverter with unbalanced DC-links[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2018,33(3):2630-2642.
[28]Shen Jie,Schroder S,Rosner R,et al.A comprehensive study of neutral-point self-balancing effect in neutral-point-clamped three-level inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(11):3084-3095.
[29]Li Xiong,Akin B,Rajashekara K.Vector-based dead-time compensation for three-level T-type converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2016,52(2):1597-1607.
[30]Zhou Dongsheng,Rouaud D G.Dead-time effect and compensations of three-level neutral point clamp inverters for high-performance drive applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1999,14(4):782-788.
[31]Liu Peng,Duan Shanxu,Yao Chuan,et al.A double modulation wave CBPWM strategy providing neutral-point voltage oscillation elimination and CMV reduction for three-level NPC inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2018,65(1):16-26.
[32]Charumit,Kinnares V.Discontinuous SVPWMtechniques of three-leg VSI-fed balanced two-phase loads for reduced switching losses and current ripple[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(4):2191-2204.
[2]郭小强,贺冉,张纯江.高压大容量五电平逆变器共模电压抑制研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(3):1-7.Guo Xiaoqiang,He Ran,Zhang Chunjiang.Commonmode voltage reduction of high voltage high power five-level inverters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(3):1-7.
[3]Sommer R,Mertens A,Brunotte C,et al.Medium voltage drive system with NPC three-level inverter using IGBTs[C]//IEEE Seminar PWM Medium Voltage Drives,Birmingham,UK,2000,DOI:10.10491/ic:20000335.
[4]Menzies R W,Steimer P,Steinke J K.Five-level GTO inverters for large induction motor drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1994,30(4):938-944.
[5]Pou J,Pindado R,Boroyevich D,et al.Limits of the neutral-point balance in back-to-back-connected three-level converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2004,19(3):722-731.
[6]Xia Changliang,Gu Xin,Shi Tingna,et al.Neutralpoint voltage balancing of three-level inverters in direct-driven wind energy conversion system[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2011,26(1):18-29.
[7]姜卫东,赵德勇,胡杨,等.基于载波实现的二极管钳位型三电平逆变器虚拟空间矢量脉宽调制方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(12):153-160.Jiang Weidong,Zhao Deyong,Hu Yang,et al.Carrier-based virtual space vector pulse width modulation for diode clamped three-level inverter[J]Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(12):153-160.
[8]余世瑶,王琛琛,辛宏亮,等.考虑三电平中点钳位型变换器中点电压波动抑制的混合调制方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(增刊1):146-154.Yu Shiyao,Wang Chenchen,Xin Hongliang,et al Hybrid PWM strategy for neutral point voltage fluctuation suppression of three level neutral point clamped converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(S1):146-154.
[9]陈娟,何英杰,王新宇,等.三电平空间矢量与载波调制策略统一理论的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(9):71-78.Chen Juan,He Yingjie,Wang Xinyu,et al.Research of the unity theory between three-level space vector and carrier-based PWM modulation strategy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(9):71-78.
[10]方辉,宋文胜,冯晓云,等.三电平SVPWM与CBPWM算法的内在联系研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,29(10):19-26.Fang Hui,Song Wensheng,Feng Xiaoyun,et al.Relationship between three-level SVPWM and CBPWM[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,29(10):19-26.
[11]Giri S K,Chakrabarti S,Banerjee S,et al.A carrier based PWM scheme for neutral point voltage balancing in three level inverter extending to full power factor range[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(3):1873-1883.
[12]Lewicki A,Krzeminski Z,Abu-Rub H.Space-vector pulsewidth modulation for three-level NPC converter with the neutral point voltage control[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(11):5076-5086.
[13]Lazhar Ben-Brahim.A discontinuous PWM method for balancing the neutral point voltage in three-level inverter-fed variable frequency drives[J].IEEETransactions on Energy Conversion,2008,23(4):1057-1063.
[14]安少亮,孙向东,陈樱娟,等.一种新的不连续PWM统一化实现方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(24):59-66,11.An Shaoliang,Sun Xiangdong,Chen Yinjuan,et al A new generalized implementation method of discontinuous PWM[J].Proceedings of the CSEE2012,32(24):59-66,11.
[15]Jiang W,Du S,Chang L,et al.Hybrid PWM strategy of SVPWM and VSVPWM for NPC three-level voltage-source inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2010,25(10):2607-2619.
[16]Monge S B,Bordonau J,Boroyevich D,et al.The nearest three virtual space vector PWM-a modulation for the comprehensive neutral-point balancing in the three-level NPC inverter[J].IEEE Power Electronics Letters,2004,2(1):11-15.
[17]Xia Changliang,Shao Hongjun,Zhang Yun,et al Adjustable proportional hybrid SVPWM strategy for neutral-point-clamped three-level inverters[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(10):4234-4242.
[18]Monge S B,Josep B,Rocabert J.A virtual-vector pulse width modulation for the four-level diodeclamped DC-AC converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2008,23(4):1964-1972.
[19]Monge S B,Alepuz S,Rocabert J,et al.Pulsewidth modulations for the comprehensive capacitor voltage balance of n-level three-leg diode-clamped converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(5):1364-1375.
[20]Monge S B,Maheshwari R K,Nielsen S M.Overmodulation of n-level three-leg DC-AC diodeclamped converters with comprehensive capacitor voltage balance[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(5):1872-1883.
[21]Hu C,Yu X,Holmes D G,et al.An improved virtual space vector modulation scheme for three-level active neutral-point-clamped inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(10):7419-7434.
[22]Nanoty A,Chudasama A.Design of multiphase induction motor for electric ship propulsion[C]//2011 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium,Alexandria,USA,2011:283-287.
[23]Duran M,Kouro S,Wu B,et al.Six phase PMSGwind energy conversion system based on mediumvoltage multilevel converter[C]//2011 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,Birmingham,UK,2011:1-10.
[24]高宏伟,杨贵杰,刘剑.五相电压源逆变器的空间矢量脉宽调制方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(18):2917-2925.Gao Hongwei,Yang Guijie,Liu Jian.Research of space vector PWM techniques for five-phase voltage source inverter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(18):2917-2925.
[25]刘自程,李永东,郑泽东.多相电机控制驱动技术研究综述[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(24):17-29.Liu Zicheng,Li Yongdong,Zheng Zedong.Control and drive techniques for multiphase machines:a review[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(24):17-29.
[26]唐俊,王铁成,崔淑梅.五相逆变系统的SVPWM实现方法[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(7):64-72.Tang Jun,Wang Tiecheng,Cui Shumei.Implementation method of SVPWM for five-phase inverters[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(7):64-72.
[27]Wu Xiang,Tan Guojun,Ye Zongbin,et al.Virtual-space-vector PWM for a three-level neutralpoint-clamped inverter with unbalanced DC-links[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2018,33(3):2630-2642.
[28]Shen Jie,Schroder S,Rosner R,et al.A comprehensive study of neutral-point self-balancing effect in neutral-point-clamped three-level inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(11):3084-3095.
[29]Li Xiong,Akin B,Rajashekara K.Vector-based dead-time compensation for three-level T-type converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2016,52(2):1597-1607.
[30]Zhou Dongsheng,Rouaud D G.Dead-time effect and compensations of three-level neutral point clamp inverters for high-performance drive applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1999,14(4):782-788.
[31]Liu Peng,Duan Shanxu,Yao Chuan,et al.A double modulation wave CBPWM strategy providing neutral-point voltage oscillation elimination and CMV reduction for three-level NPC inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2018,65(1):16-26.
[32]Charumit,Kinnares V.Discontinuous SVPWMtechniques of three-leg VSI-fed balanced two-phase loads for reduced switching losses and current ripple[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(4):2191-2204.