三峡库区典型林分土壤呼吸及其组分对模拟酸雨的响应
|
摘要
为研究酸雨对森林土壤呼吸的影响,于2016年1月～2017年4月在重庆缙云山三峡库区针阔混交林内选取3块样地,设置了断根与不断根两组处理,每组处理设置pH为4. 5(对照)、4. 0、3. 25和2. 5共4个梯度的模拟酸雨处理.试验观测模拟酸雨下土壤总呼吸与异养呼吸变化特征及土壤温度、土壤湿度,同时采集土样,研究土壤pH、碳氮比及细根生物量对土壤呼吸的影响.结果表明,土壤总呼吸与异养呼吸均表现出了季节变异趋势.不断根样方的CK、T4. 0、T3. 25和T2. 5处理的年均土壤呼吸速率分别为1. 89、1. 88、1. 75和1. 74μmol·(m~2·s)~(-1),断根样方的RCCK、RCT4. 0、RCT3. 25和RCT2. 5处理的年均土壤呼吸速率分别为1. 37、1. 32、1. 19和1. 08μmol·(m~2·s)~(-1).季度平均土壤总呼吸与异养呼吸在2016年7月前差异不显著(P> 0. 05),2016年10月后差异均显著(P <0. 01)并呈现对照> pH4. 0> pH3. 25> pH2. 5. 2016年的累积土壤呼吸量T4. 0、T3. 25和T2. 5处理相比对照分别降低3. 89%、9. 64%和11. 24%,RCT4. 0、RCT3. 25和RCT2. 5处理相比对照分别降低6. 79%、13. 23%和25. 56%.与对照相比,模拟酸雨处理降低了异养呼吸占比,降低程度随着酸雨pH增加而加强,说明了酸雨对于异养呼吸的抑制超过了自养呼吸.模拟酸雨处理虽然增加了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性,但是对土壤温度与湿度无显著影响(P> 0. 05); 2016年10月之后相比对照模拟酸雨处理显著增加了土壤碳氮比、降低了细根生物量.土壤呼吸与细根生物量有显著正相关关系,与土壤碳氮比有显著的负相关关系.土壤温度与水分对模拟酸雨下土壤呼吸的差异贡献不大,细根生物量与碳氮比是酸雨处理下呼吸差异的主要影响因素.
In order to study the effects of acid rain on forest soil respiration,three plots were selected in the conifer/broad-leaved mixed forests in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of the Jinyun Mountain( Chongqing) from January 2016 to April 2017. Two groups of treatments were set up: a trenched treatment and an untrenched treatment. Each group was treated with four simulated acid rain gradients of pH 4. 5( control),4. 0,3. 25 and 2. 5. The characteristics of total soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration under the four simulated acid rain treatments were measured. Soil temperature and moisture were measured during the respiration measurements,and soil samples were collected to study the effects of soil pH,the carbon-nitrogen ratio,and fine root biomass on soil respiration. The results indicated that the total soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration of trenched and untrenched plots showed a similar seasonal variation trend. The annual mean soil respiration rates of the CK,T4. 0,T3. 25,and T2. 5 treatments were 1. 89,1. 88,1. 75,and1. 74 μmol·( m~2·s~1)~(-1),respectively,and the annual mean soil respiration rates of the RCCK,RCT4. 0,RCT3. 25 and RCT2. 5 treatments were 1. 37,1. 32,1. 19,1. 08 μmol·( m~2·s1)~(-1),respectively. There was no significant differences between the quarterly average of the total soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration before June 2016( P > 0. 05). However,after October 2016,the difference was significant( P < 0. 01) with CK > pH 4. 0 > pH 3. 25 > pH 2. 5. The cumulative soil CO_2 emissions of the T4. 0,T3. 25,and T2. 5 treatments in 2016 decreased by 3. 89%,9. 64%,and 11. 24% respectively,compared with the control,and the RCT4. 0,RCT3. 25,and RCT2. 5 treatments decreased by 6. 79%,13. 23%,and 25. 56%,respectively. The simulated acid rain treatments reduced the ratio of heterotrophic respiration in the total soil respiration,and the degree of reduction increased with the pH of the simulated acid rain,indicating that the effect of acid rain on the inhibition of heterotrophic respiration exceeded that of autotrophic respiration. Although the simulated acid rain treatments increased the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration( Q10),it had no significant effect on soil temperature and humidity( P > 0. 05). The soil carbon-nitrogen ratio and fine root biomass were significantly greater in comparison to the control after October 2016. Soil respiration was significantly positively correlated with fine root biomass and significantly negatively correlated with the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio. Soil temperature and water contributed only slightly to soil respiration under the four simulated acid rain treatments. Fine root biomass and the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio were critical factors for variation of soil respiration under acid rain.
In order to study the effects of acid rain on forest soil respiration,three plots were selected in the conifer/broad-leaved mixed forests in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of the Jinyun Mountain( Chongqing) from January 2016 to April 2017. Two groups of treatments were set up: a trenched treatment and an untrenched treatment. Each group was treated with four simulated acid rain gradients of pH 4. 5( control),4. 0,3. 25 and 2. 5. The characteristics of total soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration under the four simulated acid rain treatments were measured. Soil temperature and moisture were measured during the respiration measurements,and soil samples were collected to study the effects of soil pH,the carbon-nitrogen ratio,and fine root biomass on soil respiration. The results indicated that the total soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration of trenched and untrenched plots showed a similar seasonal variation trend. The annual mean soil respiration rates of the CK,T4. 0,T3. 25,and T2. 5 treatments were 1. 89,1. 88,1. 75,and1. 74 μmol·( m~2·s~1)~(-1),respectively,and the annual mean soil respiration rates of the RCCK,RCT4. 0,RCT3. 25 and RCT2. 5 treatments were 1. 37,1. 32,1. 19,1. 08 μmol·( m~2·s1)~(-1),respectively. There was no significant differences between the quarterly average of the total soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration before June 2016( P > 0. 05). However,after October 2016,the difference was significant( P < 0. 01) with CK > pH 4. 0 > pH 3. 25 > pH 2. 5. The cumulative soil CO_2 emissions of the T4. 0,T3. 25,and T2. 5 treatments in 2016 decreased by 3. 89%,9. 64%,and 11. 24% respectively,compared with the control,and the RCT4. 0,RCT3. 25,and RCT2. 5 treatments decreased by 6. 79%,13. 23%,and 25. 56%,respectively. The simulated acid rain treatments reduced the ratio of heterotrophic respiration in the total soil respiration,and the degree of reduction increased with the pH of the simulated acid rain,indicating that the effect of acid rain on the inhibition of heterotrophic respiration exceeded that of autotrophic respiration. Although the simulated acid rain treatments increased the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration( Q10),it had no significant effect on soil temperature and humidity( P > 0. 05). The soil carbon-nitrogen ratio and fine root biomass were significantly greater in comparison to the control after October 2016. Soil respiration was significantly positively correlated with fine root biomass and significantly negatively correlated with the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio. Soil temperature and water contributed only slightly to soil respiration under the four simulated acid rain treatments. Fine root biomass and the soil carbon-nitrogen ratio were critical factors for variation of soil respiration under acid rain.
引文
[1]Hashimoto S,Carvalhais N,Ito A,et al.Global spatiotemporal distribution of soil respiration modeled using a global database[J].Biogeosciences,2015,12(13):4121-4132.
[2]王家骏,王传宽,韩轶.帽儿山不同年龄森林土壤呼吸速率的影响因子[J].生态学报,2018,38(4):1194-1202.Wang J J,Wang C K,Han Y.Factors affecting soil respiration in stands of different ages in the Maoershan region,Northeast China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(4):1194-1202.
[3]王志春.广州地区酸雨长期变化趋势分析[J].气象科技,2014,42(5):922-927.Wang Z C.Trends of precipitation acidity at Guangzhou from1992 to 2012[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2014,42(5):922-927.
[4]王文兴,许鹏举.中国大气降水化学研究进展[J].化学进展,2009,21(2-3):266-281.Wang W X,Xu P J.Research progress in precipitation chemistry in China[J].Progress in Chemistry,2009,21(2-3):266-281.
[5]李泽.模拟酸雨对红壤性水稻土碳氮磷形态影响的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2015.Li Z.The research of effects of simulated acid rain on the carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in red paddy soil[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2015.
[6]Lv Y N,Wang C Y,Jia Y Y,et al.Effects of sulfuric,nitric,and mixed acid rain on litter decomposition,soil microbial biomass,and enzyme activities in subtropical forests of China[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,79:1-9.
[7]Ouyang X J,Zhou G Y,Huang Z L,et al.Effect of simulated acid rain on potential carbon and nitrogen mineralization in forest soils[J].Pedosphere,2008,18(4):503-514.
[8]Guo J F,Yang Z J,Lin C F,et al.Conversion of a natural evergreen broadleaved forest into coniferous plantations in a subtropical area:effects on composition of soil microbial communities and soil respiration[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2016,52(6):799-809.
[9]李春龙.模拟酸雨对紫云英种子萌发、幼苗生长、根系形态指标及根系活力的影响[J].种子,2017,36(6):89-91.Li C L.Effect of simulated acid rain on seed germination,seedling growth,root morphological index and root activity of milk vetch[J].Seed,2017,36(6):89-91.
[10]张旭.增温及模拟酸雨对农田土壤呼吸及酶活性的影响[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2016.Zhang X.Effects of warming and simulated acid rain on soil respiration and enzyme activities in a cropland[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,2016.
[11]Liang G H,Hui D F,Wu X Y,et al.Effects of simulated acid rain on soil respiration and its components in a subtropical mixed conifer and broadleaf forest in southern China[J].Environmental Science:Processes&Impacts,2016,18(2):246-255.
[12]陈书涛,孙鹭,桑琳,等.模拟酸雨对次生林土壤呼吸及异养呼吸的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(3):1235-1244.Chen S T,Sun L,Sang L,et al.Effects of simulated acid rain on soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration in a secondary forest[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(3):1235-1244.
[13]吴迪,张蕊,高升华,等.模拟氮沉降对长江中下游滩地杨树林土壤呼吸各组分的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):717-724.Wu D,Zhang R,Gao S H,et al.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on the each component of soil respiration in the Populus L.plantations in a riparian zone of the mid-lower Yangtze river[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(3):717-724.
[14]孙素琪,王玉杰,王云琦,等.重庆缙云山4种典型林分土壤氮素动态变化[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(1):66-73.Sun S Q,Wang Y J,Wang Y Q,et al.Dynamic variation of soil nitrogen contents in four typical forest stands on Jinyun Mountain,Chongqing[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(1):66-73.
[15]翟勤.重庆主城区降水化学特征及环境政策影响研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.Zhai Q.Study on the chemical characteristics of precipitation in Chongqing urban area and environmental policy impact[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2012.
[16]郭平.三峡库区酸沉降特征及其对森林土壤的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.Guo P.Characteristics of acid deposition and its effects on forest soil in the Three Gorges Reservoir area[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2016.
[17]唐晓芬,王彬,王玉杰,等.不同酸度模拟酸雨对重庆缙云山2种阔叶树光合特性的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报,2015,24(4):45-51.Tang X F,Wang B,Wang Y J,et al.Effect of simulated acid rain with different acidities on photosynthetic characteristics of two broad-leaved trees in Jinyun Mountain of Chongqing[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2015,24(4):45-51.
[18]Tanikawa T,Sobue A,Hirano Y.Acidification processes in soils with different acid buffering capacity in Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa forests over two decades[J].Forest ecology and management,2014,334:284-292.
[19]胡波,王云琦,王玉杰,等.模拟氮沉降对土壤酸化及土壤酸缓冲能力的影响[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(3):418-424.Hu B,Wang Y Q,Wang Y J,et al.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil acidification and soil buffering capacity[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(3):418-424.
[20]张蕊,王艺,金国庆,等.施氮对木荷3个种源幼苗根系发育和氮磷效率的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(12):3611-3621.Zhang R,Wang Y,Jin G Q,et al.Nitrogen addition affects root growth,phosphorus and nitrogen efficiency of three provenances of Schima superba in barren soil[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(12):3611-3621.
[21]姜继韶,郭胜利,王蕊,等.施氮对黄土旱塬区春玉米土壤呼吸和温度敏感性的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1802-1809.Jiang J S,Guo S L,Wang R,et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration and temperature sensitivity in spring maize field in semi-arid regions on loess plateau[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(5):1802-1809.
[22]吴玺,梁婵娟.模拟酸雨对水稻根系激素含量与生长的影响[J].环境化学,2016,35(3):568-574.WU X,Liang C J.Effects of simulated acid rain on hormone concentration and growth of rice roots[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(3):568-574.
[23]Zhu T B,Meng T Z,Zhang J B,et al.Nitrogen mineralization,immobilization turnover,heterotrophic nitrification,and microbial groups in acid forest soils of subtropical China[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2013,49(3):323-331.
[24]Cheng Y,Wang J,Mary B,et al.Soil pH has contrasting effects on gross and net nitrogen mineralizations in adjacent forest and grassland soils in central Alberta,Canada[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,57:848-857.
[25]贺若阳,杨万勤,杨开军,等.川西亚高山3种森林土壤碳氮磷及微生物生物量特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(4):606-611.He R Y,Yang W Q,Yang K J,et al.Soil C,N,P and microbial biomass properties of three dominant subalpine forests of western Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2016,22(4):606-611.
[26]雷利国,江长胜,郝庆菊.缙云山土地利用方式对土壤轻组及颗粒态有机碳氮的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(7):2669-2677.Lei L G,Jiang C S,Hao Q J.Impacts of land use changes on soil light fraction and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in Jinyun Mountain[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(7):2669-2677.
[27]杨予静.三峡库区消落带不同人工植被土壤化学性质动态变化[D].重庆:西南大学,2014.Yang Y J.Dynamic changes of soil chemical properties under artificial vegetations in the hydro-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2014.
[28]王建林,钟志明,王忠红,等.青藏高原高寒草原生态系统土壤碳氮比的分布特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(22):6678-6691.Wang J L,Zhong Z M,Wang Z H,et al.Soil C/N distribution characteristics of alpine steppe ecosystem in Qinhai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(22):6678-6691.
[29]Wan X H,Huang Z Q,He Z M,et al.Soil C:N ratio is the major determinant of soil microbial community structure in subtropical coniferous and broadleaf forest plantations[J].Plant and Soil,2015,387(1-2):103-116.
[30]Peng S S,Piao S L,Wang T,et al.Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in different ecosystems in China[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(5):1008-1014.
[31]张勇,王连喜,陈书涛,等.模拟酸雨对北亚热带天然次生林土壤呼吸的影响[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(9):1541-1547.Zhang Y,Wang L X,Chen S T,et al.Effects of simulated acid rain on soil respiration in a northern subtropical secondary forest[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(9):1541-1547.
[32]Craine J M,Morrow C,Fierer N.Microbial nitrogen limitation increases decomposition[J].Ecology,2007,88(8):2105-2113.
[33]李雅红.酸雨胁迫下3种典型常绿阔叶林树种土壤呼吸的特征及影响因子[D].重庆:西南大学,2010.Li Y H.Soil respiration and impact factors of three kinds of typical evergreen broad-leaved seedings under acid rain stress[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2010.
[34]张俊丽,Tanveer S K,温晓霞,等.不同耕作方式下旱作玉米田土壤呼吸及其影响因素[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(18):192-199.Zhang J L,Tanveer S K,Wen X X,et al.Soil respiration and its affecting factors in dry-land maize field under different tillage systems[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(18):192-199.
[2]王家骏,王传宽,韩轶.帽儿山不同年龄森林土壤呼吸速率的影响因子[J].生态学报,2018,38(4):1194-1202.Wang J J,Wang C K,Han Y.Factors affecting soil respiration in stands of different ages in the Maoershan region,Northeast China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(4):1194-1202.
[3]王志春.广州地区酸雨长期变化趋势分析[J].气象科技,2014,42(5):922-927.Wang Z C.Trends of precipitation acidity at Guangzhou from1992 to 2012[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2014,42(5):922-927.
[4]王文兴,许鹏举.中国大气降水化学研究进展[J].化学进展,2009,21(2-3):266-281.Wang W X,Xu P J.Research progress in precipitation chemistry in China[J].Progress in Chemistry,2009,21(2-3):266-281.
[5]李泽.模拟酸雨对红壤性水稻土碳氮磷形态影响的研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2015.Li Z.The research of effects of simulated acid rain on the carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in red paddy soil[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2015.
[6]Lv Y N,Wang C Y,Jia Y Y,et al.Effects of sulfuric,nitric,and mixed acid rain on litter decomposition,soil microbial biomass,and enzyme activities in subtropical forests of China[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,79:1-9.
[7]Ouyang X J,Zhou G Y,Huang Z L,et al.Effect of simulated acid rain on potential carbon and nitrogen mineralization in forest soils[J].Pedosphere,2008,18(4):503-514.
[8]Guo J F,Yang Z J,Lin C F,et al.Conversion of a natural evergreen broadleaved forest into coniferous plantations in a subtropical area:effects on composition of soil microbial communities and soil respiration[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2016,52(6):799-809.
[9]李春龙.模拟酸雨对紫云英种子萌发、幼苗生长、根系形态指标及根系活力的影响[J].种子,2017,36(6):89-91.Li C L.Effect of simulated acid rain on seed germination,seedling growth,root morphological index and root activity of milk vetch[J].Seed,2017,36(6):89-91.
[10]张旭.增温及模拟酸雨对农田土壤呼吸及酶活性的影响[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2016.Zhang X.Effects of warming and simulated acid rain on soil respiration and enzyme activities in a cropland[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,2016.
[11]Liang G H,Hui D F,Wu X Y,et al.Effects of simulated acid rain on soil respiration and its components in a subtropical mixed conifer and broadleaf forest in southern China[J].Environmental Science:Processes&Impacts,2016,18(2):246-255.
[12]陈书涛,孙鹭,桑琳,等.模拟酸雨对次生林土壤呼吸及异养呼吸的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(3):1235-1244.Chen S T,Sun L,Sang L,et al.Effects of simulated acid rain on soil respiration and heterotrophic respiration in a secondary forest[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(3):1235-1244.
[13]吴迪,张蕊,高升华,等.模拟氮沉降对长江中下游滩地杨树林土壤呼吸各组分的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):717-724.Wu D,Zhang R,Gao S H,et al.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on the each component of soil respiration in the Populus L.plantations in a riparian zone of the mid-lower Yangtze river[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(3):717-724.
[14]孙素琪,王玉杰,王云琦,等.重庆缙云山4种典型林分土壤氮素动态变化[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(1):66-73.Sun S Q,Wang Y J,Wang Y Q,et al.Dynamic variation of soil nitrogen contents in four typical forest stands on Jinyun Mountain,Chongqing[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(1):66-73.
[15]翟勤.重庆主城区降水化学特征及环境政策影响研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.Zhai Q.Study on the chemical characteristics of precipitation in Chongqing urban area and environmental policy impact[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2012.
[16]郭平.三峡库区酸沉降特征及其对森林土壤的影响[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.Guo P.Characteristics of acid deposition and its effects on forest soil in the Three Gorges Reservoir area[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2016.
[17]唐晓芬,王彬,王玉杰,等.不同酸度模拟酸雨对重庆缙云山2种阔叶树光合特性的影响[J].植物资源与环境学报,2015,24(4):45-51.Tang X F,Wang B,Wang Y J,et al.Effect of simulated acid rain with different acidities on photosynthetic characteristics of two broad-leaved trees in Jinyun Mountain of Chongqing[J].Journal of Plant Resources and Environment,2015,24(4):45-51.
[18]Tanikawa T,Sobue A,Hirano Y.Acidification processes in soils with different acid buffering capacity in Cryptomeria japonica and Chamaecyparis obtusa forests over two decades[J].Forest ecology and management,2014,334:284-292.
[19]胡波,王云琦,王玉杰,等.模拟氮沉降对土壤酸化及土壤酸缓冲能力的影响[J].环境科学研究,2015,28(3):418-424.Hu B,Wang Y Q,Wang Y J,et al.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil acidification and soil buffering capacity[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(3):418-424.
[20]张蕊,王艺,金国庆,等.施氮对木荷3个种源幼苗根系发育和氮磷效率的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(12):3611-3621.Zhang R,Wang Y,Jin G Q,et al.Nitrogen addition affects root growth,phosphorus and nitrogen efficiency of three provenances of Schima superba in barren soil[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(12):3611-3621.
[21]姜继韶,郭胜利,王蕊,等.施氮对黄土旱塬区春玉米土壤呼吸和温度敏感性的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1802-1809.Jiang J S,Guo S L,Wang R,et al.Effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration and temperature sensitivity in spring maize field in semi-arid regions on loess plateau[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(5):1802-1809.
[22]吴玺,梁婵娟.模拟酸雨对水稻根系激素含量与生长的影响[J].环境化学,2016,35(3):568-574.WU X,Liang C J.Effects of simulated acid rain on hormone concentration and growth of rice roots[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(3):568-574.
[23]Zhu T B,Meng T Z,Zhang J B,et al.Nitrogen mineralization,immobilization turnover,heterotrophic nitrification,and microbial groups in acid forest soils of subtropical China[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2013,49(3):323-331.
[24]Cheng Y,Wang J,Mary B,et al.Soil pH has contrasting effects on gross and net nitrogen mineralizations in adjacent forest and grassland soils in central Alberta,Canada[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,57:848-857.
[25]贺若阳,杨万勤,杨开军,等.川西亚高山3种森林土壤碳氮磷及微生物生物量特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(4):606-611.He R Y,Yang W Q,Yang K J,et al.Soil C,N,P and microbial biomass properties of three dominant subalpine forests of western Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2016,22(4):606-611.
[26]雷利国,江长胜,郝庆菊.缙云山土地利用方式对土壤轻组及颗粒态有机碳氮的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(7):2669-2677.Lei L G,Jiang C S,Hao Q J.Impacts of land use changes on soil light fraction and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in Jinyun Mountain[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(7):2669-2677.
[27]杨予静.三峡库区消落带不同人工植被土壤化学性质动态变化[D].重庆:西南大学,2014.Yang Y J.Dynamic changes of soil chemical properties under artificial vegetations in the hydro-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2014.
[28]王建林,钟志明,王忠红,等.青藏高原高寒草原生态系统土壤碳氮比的分布特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(22):6678-6691.Wang J L,Zhong Z M,Wang Z H,et al.Soil C/N distribution characteristics of alpine steppe ecosystem in Qinhai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(22):6678-6691.
[29]Wan X H,Huang Z Q,He Z M,et al.Soil C:N ratio is the major determinant of soil microbial community structure in subtropical coniferous and broadleaf forest plantations[J].Plant and Soil,2015,387(1-2):103-116.
[30]Peng S S,Piao S L,Wang T,et al.Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in different ecosystems in China[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(5):1008-1014.
[31]张勇,王连喜,陈书涛,等.模拟酸雨对北亚热带天然次生林土壤呼吸的影响[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(9):1541-1547.Zhang Y,Wang L X,Chen S T,et al.Effects of simulated acid rain on soil respiration in a northern subtropical secondary forest[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(9):1541-1547.
[32]Craine J M,Morrow C,Fierer N.Microbial nitrogen limitation increases decomposition[J].Ecology,2007,88(8):2105-2113.
[33]李雅红.酸雨胁迫下3种典型常绿阔叶林树种土壤呼吸的特征及影响因子[D].重庆:西南大学,2010.Li Y H.Soil respiration and impact factors of three kinds of typical evergreen broad-leaved seedings under acid rain stress[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2010.
[34]张俊丽,Tanveer S K,温晓霞,等.不同耕作方式下旱作玉米田土壤呼吸及其影响因素[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(18):192-199.Zhang J L,Tanveer S K,Wen X X,et al.Soil respiration and its affecting factors in dry-land maize field under different tillage systems[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(18):192-199.