河北唐山地区盛汛期短时强降水概念模型及物理量特征分析
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摘要
利用2006-2013年区域自动站降水资料以及NCEP再分析资料,应用EOF分析和中尺度天气图分析等方法对唐山地区盛汛期短历时强降水的时空分布特征、天气学概念模型以及物理量特征进行研究.结果表明:唐山东北部是短时强降水的活跃区、西南部为不活跃区,但西南部极端短时强降水更强;存在5种降水空间分布类型,分别是"一致型""西北多型""东南多型""东北异常偏多型""东北异常偏少型".700 h Pa切变线是否断裂、副热带高压及高低空急流的位置以及高低空干湿区配置决定了降水分布;短时强降水发生时局地水汽丰富,暖云层厚度较大,垂直风切变较弱,存在一定的不稳定能量,强天气威胁指数较小、0℃层较高,大多数类型都有强的水汽辐合,但"东北异常偏多型"辐合较弱,其水汽主要来源于本地.
Based on the precipitation data from regional automatic weather stations and NCEP reanalysis data from 2006 to 2013,EOF analysis and meso-scale weather analysis were performed and used to explore the temporal- spatial distribution of short- term precipitation,and to study synoptic conceptual models and physical parameters of the dominant flood season in Tangshan. It is found that the northeast of Tangshan Prefecture is an active region of short- term precipitation while the southwest of the prefecture is inactive,but the southwest of it has more extreme short-term heavy precipitation;there are five types of spatial distribution of precipitation in the prefecture:unanimous,northwest abundant,southeast abundant,northeast abnormal abundant and northeast abnormal scarce. Distribution of precipitation depends on whether shear line on 700 h Pa breaks or not,and on the positions of the subtropical high and high-low jet streams,and the configuration of high-low arid-humid regions;Short- term heavy precipitation has a common features in physical parameters:ample vapor,thick warm cloud layer,weak wind shear,instable energy,low SWEAT and high 0 ℃ isotherm. Most types have strong vapor convergence,but northeast anomalous abundant type has weak vapor convergence,where the vapor mainly comes from this locality.
Based on the precipitation data from regional automatic weather stations and NCEP reanalysis data from 2006 to 2013,EOF analysis and meso-scale weather analysis were performed and used to explore the temporal- spatial distribution of short- term precipitation,and to study synoptic conceptual models and physical parameters of the dominant flood season in Tangshan. It is found that the northeast of Tangshan Prefecture is an active region of short- term precipitation while the southwest of the prefecture is inactive,but the southwest of it has more extreme short-term heavy precipitation;there are five types of spatial distribution of precipitation in the prefecture:unanimous,northwest abundant,southeast abundant,northeast abnormal abundant and northeast abnormal scarce. Distribution of precipitation depends on whether shear line on 700 h Pa breaks or not,and on the positions of the subtropical high and high-low jet streams,and the configuration of high-low arid-humid regions;Short- term heavy precipitation has a common features in physical parameters:ample vapor,thick warm cloud layer,weak wind shear,instable energy,low SWEAT and high 0 ℃ isotherm. Most types have strong vapor convergence,but northeast anomalous abundant type has weak vapor convergence,where the vapor mainly comes from this locality.
引文
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[21]Li Jiang,Yu Rucong,Wang Jianjie.Diurnal variations of summer precipitation in Beijing[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53(7):829-832.[李建,宇如聪,王建捷.北京市夏季降水的日变化特征[J].科学通报,2008,53(7):829-832.]
[2]Zhou Hui,Yang Ling,Liu Zhixiong,et al.Characteristics of temporal-spatial distributions of heavy rainstorm in Hunan and its typing[J].Plateau Meteorology,2013,32(5):1425-1431.[周慧,杨令,刘志雄,等.湖南省大暴雨时空分布特征及其分型[J].高原气象,2013,32(5):1425-1431.]
[3]Wang Shaoping,Jiang Fengqing,Wu Xiaobo,et al.Temporal and spatial variability of the extreme precipitation indices over the arid regions in northwest China from 1961 to 2010[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(2):318-326.[王少平,姜逢清,吴小波,等.1961-2010年西北干旱区极端降水指数的时空变化分析[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(2):318-326.]
[4]Lu Hongya,Du Jun,Yuan Lei,et al.Variation characteristics of extreme precipitation events over Mt.Qomolangma region in China from 1971 to 2012[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(3):563-572.[路红亚,杜军,袁雷,等.1971—2012年珠穆朗玛峰地区极端降水事件变化研究[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(3):563-572.]
[5]Song Guiying,Li Xiaoze,Sun Yonggang,et al.Characteristics and causes of the extreme rainstorm July 20,2012 in the arid and semiarid zone in Inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(4):883-891.[宋桂英,李孝泽,孙永刚,等.内蒙古干旱-半干旱带2012年“7·20”极端暴雨事件的特征及成因[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(4):883-891.]
[6]Miao Aimei,Wu Jie,Zhao Haiying,et al.Statistical relation and flow pattern of Lon-Level Jet and heavy rainstorm in Shanxi[J].Plateau Meteorology,2010,29(4):939-946.[苗爱梅,武捷,赵海英,等.低空急流与山西大暴雨的统计关系及流型配置[J].高原气象,2010,29(4):939-946.]
[7]Su Aifang,Sun Jinglan,Gu Xiujie,et al.Characteristics and conceptual models of convective rainstorm clouds in Henan province[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2013,24(2):219-229.[苏爱芳,孙景兰,谷秀杰,等.河南省对流性暴雨云系特征与概念模型[J].应用气象学报,2013,24(2):219-229.]
[8]Jiang Xuegong,Li Zhangjun,Gong Chunning,et al.A classification-based research on rainstorm processes around Beijing caused by Mongolia-Baikal Low[J].Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences,2010,33(4):412-419.[姜学恭,李彰俊,宫春宁,等.蒙贝低涡类环北京暴雨过程分型研究[J].大气科学学报,2010,33(4):412-419.]
[9]Dele Gerima,Li Yiping,Han Jingwei,et al.Comparative analysis of four shear rainstorm processes in July of 2012 in Hetao area of Inner Mongalia,China[J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(1):233-243.[德勒格日玛,李一平,韩经纬,等.2012年7月下旬河套地区4次切变暴雨的对比分析[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(1):233-243.]
[10]Su Yongling,He Lifu,Gong Yuanfa,et al.A study of temporalspatial distribution and synoptic characteristics of severe convective weather in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei[J].Meteorological Monthly,2011,37(2):177-184.[苏永玲,何立富,巩远发,等.京津冀地区强对流时空分布与天气学特征分析[J].气象,2011,37(2):177-184.]
[11]Han Ning,Miao Chunsheng.Statistical characteristics of shorttime heavy precipitation in Shan-Gan-Ning region from May to September in recent 6 years[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2012,23(6):691-701.[韩宁,苗春生.近6年陕甘宁三省5-9月短时强降水统计特征[J].应用气象学报,2012,23(6):691-701.]
[12]Xiang Lianag,Hao Lisheng,An Yuegai,et al.Time-spatial distribution and variational characteristics of rainfall in Hebei province in 51 years[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(1):56-65.[向亮,郝立生,安月改,等.51 a河北省降水时空分布及变化特征[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(1):56-65.]
[13]Guo Hui,Li Dongliang,Lin Shu,et al.Temporal and spatial variation of precipitation over western China during 1954-2006[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2013,35(5):1165-1175.[郭慧,李栋梁,林纾,等.近50多年来我国西部地区降水的时空变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(5):1165-1175.]
[14]Liu Honglan,Zhang Qiang,Guo Junqin,et al.Anomaly space distribution and decadal variability of spring precipitation in Gansu province[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2014,36(5):1143-1150.[刘洪兰,张强,郭俊琴,等.甘肃省春季降水的空间异常分布及年代际变化[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(5):1143-1150.]
[15]Li Zhicai,Song Yan,Zhu Linhong,et al.On Shanxi summer inter-annual climate anomalies1:concurrent rich/seldom rainfall pattern[J].Meteorological Monthly,2008,34(1):86-93.[李智才,宋燕,朱临洪,等.山西省夏季年际气候异常研究1:一致多雨或少雨型[J].气象,2008,34(1):86-93.]
[16]Song Yan,Li Zhicai,Zhu Linhong,et al.On Shanxi summer inter-annual climate anomalies 2:seldom/rich rainfall in north/south and rich/seldom rainfall in north/south pattern[J].Meteorological Monthly,2008,34(2):61-68.[宋燕,李智才,朱临洪,等.山西省夏季年际气候异常研究2:北少(多)南多(少)雨型[J].气象,2008,34(2):61-68.]
[17]Zong Haifeng,Zhang Qingyun,Chen Lieting.Temporal and spatial variations of precipitation in eastern China during the Meiyu period and their relationships with circulation and sea surface temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2006,30(6):1189-1197.[宗海锋,张庆云,陈烈庭.梅雨期中国东部降水的时空变化及其与大气环流、海温的关系[J].大气科学,2006,30(6):1189-1197.]
[18]Huang Peng.Analysis on summer extreme precipitation events and their circulations in the Hetao area[D].Qingdao,Shandong:Ocean University of China,2013.[黄鹏.河套地区夏季极端降水事件统计及其环流特征分析[D].山东青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.]
[19]Xu Yanfeng.The spatial-temporal variation of persistent heavy rainfall in south of China in summer and its corresponding general circulation feature[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,2008.[许艳峰.我国南部夏季持续性暴雨的时空变化及其对应的环流特征[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2008.]
[20]Yue Yanxia,Chen Jing,Guo Zhibin.Techniques and application of regional rainfall data quality control[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2009,37(4):452-456.[岳艳霞,陈静,郭志斌.区域自动站雨量资料质量控制方法及应用[J].气象科技,2009,37(4):452-456.]
[21]Li Jiang,Yu Rucong,Wang Jianjie.Diurnal variations of summer precipitation in Beijing[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53(7):829-832.[李建,宇如聪,王建捷.北京市夏季降水的日变化特征[J].科学通报,2008,53(7):829-832.]