贵州喀斯特山区不同海拔花椒人工林土壤质量评价
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摘要
阐明贵州喀斯特山区花椒人工林的土壤养分含量及其质量综合指数至关重要。以不同海拔样地的土壤为研究对象,采用土壤农业化学、环境矿物学技术对矿质元素等进行分析。结果表明:不同样地土壤的pH值呈显著差异,随海拔增加表现为升高—降低的变化趋势;最低海拔(594m,HJ1)与最高海拔(884m,HJ5)样地的土壤有机碳、总氮、速效氮总体显著高于中间3个海拔样地(660m、705m、778m,HJ2—HJ4),总磷与速效磷的变化则相反;除大量元素外,矿质元素在不同海拔花椒林地之间变化规律不明显,其中总硫、铅、镉、硒等元素表现为最高海拔样地急剧升高的趋势;氮、磷与其他矿质元素之间表现出一定的显著性相关,表明其关系密切;土壤质量综合指数为HJ5(2.16)>HJ3(0.43)>HJ4(0.19)>HJ1(-0.21)>HJ2(-2.60),表明高海拔花椒林地表层土壤质量总体优于低海拔,揭示了土壤养分随海拔变化表现出分异规律。土壤管理上应同时施用有机肥和矿质元素肥料,提高土壤养分供给能力和利用效率。以上结论可为贵州喀斯特山区花椒林养分管理和可持续经营工作提供借鉴和参考。
We examined the soil nutrient content of a Chinese prickly ash artificial orchard in the Guizhou karst mountainous area; its comprehensive quality index is of great significance. In this study,soils at different altitudes have been collected from Guizhou karst mountainous area and samples were analyzed by using techniques of agricultural soil chemistry and environmental mineralogy. The study results indicated that the pH values of soils at different altitudes had significant differences,with a trend of increasing-decreasing with increased altitude; the soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,and available nitrogen of soil in the sample plots at the lowest altitude( 594 m,HJ1) and the highest altitude( 884 m,HJ5) were all significantly higher than those of the three sample plots at the middle altitudes( 660 m,705 m,778 m,HJ2—HJ4),while the trend in the total phosphorus was exactly opposite to that of the available phosphorus. However,there is no significant differences among concentrations of mineral elements in the Chinese prickly ash orchards at different altitudes was not obvious; the contents of total sulfur,lead,cadmium,and selenium with the highest altitude have been determined. There were significant correlations among nitrogen,phosphorus,and other mineral elements,suggesting a close relationship. The soil quality comprehensive index was HJ5( 2.16) > HJ3( 0.43) > HJ4( 0.19) > HJ1(-0.21) > HJ2(-2.60),suggesting that the surface soil quality of Chinese prickly ash orchard at high altitudes is better than that at lowaltitudes,comprehensively speaking,revealing that soil nutrient content changed along with the change in altitude. As a result,it is suggesting that organic fertilizer and mineral element fertilizer could be used simultaneously to improve the soil nutrient supply capacity and utilization efficiency. This study could be helpful for the nutrient management and sustainable management of Chinese prickly ash orchards in the Guizhou karst mountainous area.
We examined the soil nutrient content of a Chinese prickly ash artificial orchard in the Guizhou karst mountainous area; its comprehensive quality index is of great significance. In this study,soils at different altitudes have been collected from Guizhou karst mountainous area and samples were analyzed by using techniques of agricultural soil chemistry and environmental mineralogy. The study results indicated that the pH values of soils at different altitudes had significant differences,with a trend of increasing-decreasing with increased altitude; the soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,and available nitrogen of soil in the sample plots at the lowest altitude( 594 m,HJ1) and the highest altitude( 884 m,HJ5) were all significantly higher than those of the three sample plots at the middle altitudes( 660 m,705 m,778 m,HJ2—HJ4),while the trend in the total phosphorus was exactly opposite to that of the available phosphorus. However,there is no significant differences among concentrations of mineral elements in the Chinese prickly ash orchards at different altitudes was not obvious; the contents of total sulfur,lead,cadmium,and selenium with the highest altitude have been determined. There were significant correlations among nitrogen,phosphorus,and other mineral elements,suggesting a close relationship. The soil quality comprehensive index was HJ5( 2.16) > HJ3( 0.43) > HJ4( 0.19) > HJ1(-0.21) > HJ2(-2.60),suggesting that the surface soil quality of Chinese prickly ash orchard at high altitudes is better than that at lowaltitudes,comprehensively speaking,revealing that soil nutrient content changed along with the change in altitude. As a result,it is suggesting that organic fertilizer and mineral element fertilizer could be used simultaneously to improve the soil nutrient supply capacity and utilization efficiency. This study could be helpful for the nutrient management and sustainable management of Chinese prickly ash orchards in the Guizhou karst mountainous area.
引文
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[6]廖洪凯,龙健,李娟,张文娟.花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeamun)种植对喀斯特山区土壤水稳性团聚体分布及有机碳周转的影响.生态学杂志,2015,34(1):106-113.
[7]李静鹏,徐明锋,苏志尧,孙余丹,胡砚秋.不同植被恢复类型的土壤肥力质量评价.生态学报,2014,34(9):2297-2307.
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[9]张璐,文石林,蔡泽江,黄平娜.湘南红壤丘陵区不同植被类型下土壤肥力特征.生态学报,2014,34(14):3996-4005.
[10]王钰莹,孙娇,刘政鸿,乔亚玲,张枭将,李凤娇,郝文芳.陕南秦巴山区厚朴群落土壤肥力评价.生态学报,2016,36(16):5133-5141.
[11]刘艳,宋同清,蔡德所,曾馥平,彭晚霞,杜虎.喀斯特峰丛洼地不同土地利用方式土壤肥力特征.应用生态学报,2014,25(6):1561-1568.
[12]刘丽,徐明恺,汪思龙,张倩茹,王楠,潘华奇,胡江春.杉木人工林土壤质量演变过程中土壤微生物群落结构变化.生态学报,2013,33(15):4692-4706.
[13]吕真真,吴向东,侯红乾,冀建华,刘秀梅,刘益仁.有机-无机肥配施比例对双季稻田土壤质量的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(4):904-913.
[14]邓绍欢,曾令涛,关强,李鹏,刘满强,李辉信,焦加国.基于最小数据集的南方地区冷浸田土壤质量评价.土壤学报,2016,53(5):1326-1333.
[15]薛沛沛,王兵,牛香.大岗山不同海拔毛竹林土壤肥力的灰色关联度分析.浙江农业学报,2013,25(6):1354-1359.
[16]麻泽宇,王丹,戴伟,张毓涛,戴奥娜.阿尔泰山不同海拔梯度天然冷杉林土壤特征及肥力综合评价.水土保持研究,2016,23(5):134-140.
[17]焦润安,李朝周,赵阳,焦健.海拔对陇南白龙江流域油橄榄园土壤肥力的影响.生态学杂志,2018,37(2):360-365.
[18]江肖洁,耿春女,韩建秋,周玉梅.增温对长白山苔原植物叶片和土壤矿质元素含量的影响.生态学报,2016,36(7):1928-1935.
[19]李天才,曹广民,柳青海,周国英,师生波,张德罡.青海湖北岸退化与封育草地土壤与优势植物中四种微量元素特征.草业学报,2012,21(5):213-221.
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版).北京:中国农业出版社,2008:74-271.
[21]张子龙,王文全,缪作清,李世东,杨建忠.主成分分析在三七连作土壤质量综合评价中的应用.生态学杂志,2013,32(6):1636-1644.
[22]Jin Z Z,Lei J Q,Xu X W,Li S Y,Zhao S F,Qiu Y Z,Bo X.Evaluation of soil fertility of the shelter-forest land along the Tarim Desert Highway.Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53(S2):125-136.
[23]秦仕忆,喻阳华,邢容容,王璐.黔西北不同演替阶段植物群落养分质量诊断与经营策略.林业资源管理,2017,(6):27-33.
[24]张润甲.重庆喀斯特槽谷土地利用模式的探讨[D].重庆:西南大学,2009.
[25]Tian H Q,Chen G S,Zhang C,Melillo J M,Hall C A S.Pattern and variation of C:N:P ratios in china's soils:a synthesis of observational data.Biogeochemistry,2010,98(1/3):139-151.
[26]孙向阳.土壤学.北京:中国林业出版社,2006:69-72.
[27]龙健,廖洪凯,李娟,陈彩云.基于冗余分析的典型喀斯特山区土壤-石漠化关系研究.环境科学,2012,33(6):2131-2138.
[28]龚霞,牛德奎,赵晓蕊,鲁顺保,刘苑秋,魏晓华,郭晓敏.植被恢复对亚热带退化红壤区土壤化学性质与微生物群落的影响.应用生态学报,2013,24(4):1094-1100.
[29]廖洪凯,李娟,龙健,刘灵飞,杨华,张文娟.基于组内-组间主成分分析的土地利用与团聚体有机碳关系的研究.自然资源学报,2015,30(1):141-151.
[30]刘淑明,孙佳乾,邓振义,魏典典,张刚,孙丙寅.干旱胁迫对花椒不同品种根系生长及水分利用的影响.林业科学,2013,49(12):30-35.
[31]李廷亮,谢英荷,任苗苗,邓树元,单杰,雷震宇,洪坚平,王朝辉.施肥和覆膜垄沟种植对旱地小麦产量及水氮利用的影响.生态学报,2011,31(1):212-220.
[32]Al-Kaisi M M,Yin X H.Effects of nitrogen rate,irrigation rate,and plant population on corn yield and water use efficiency.Agronomy Journal,2003,95(6):1475-1482.
[33]Pirmoradian N,Sepaskhah A R,Maftoun M.Deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on nitrogen-use efficiency and grain protein of rice.Agronomie,2004,24(3):143-153.
[2]陈美军,段增强,林先贵.中国土壤质量标准研究现状及展望.土壤学报,2011,48(5):1059-1071.
[3]刘占锋,傅伯杰,刘国华,朱永官.土壤质量与土壤质量指标及其评价.生态学报,2006,26(3):901-913.
[4]胡芳名,谭晓风,刘惠民.中国主要经济树种栽培与利用.北京:中国林业出版社,2005.
[5]陈训.喀斯特地区顶坛花椒培育的生理生态特性研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2010.
[6]廖洪凯,龙健,李娟,张文娟.花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeamun)种植对喀斯特山区土壤水稳性团聚体分布及有机碳周转的影响.生态学杂志,2015,34(1):106-113.
[7]李静鹏,徐明锋,苏志尧,孙余丹,胡砚秋.不同植被恢复类型的土壤肥力质量评价.生态学报,2014,34(9):2297-2307.
[8]Marzaioli R,D'Ascoli R,De Pascale R A,Rutigliano F A.Soil quality in a Mediterranean area of southern Italy as related to different land use types.Applied Soil Ecology,2010,44(3):205-212.
[9]张璐,文石林,蔡泽江,黄平娜.湘南红壤丘陵区不同植被类型下土壤肥力特征.生态学报,2014,34(14):3996-4005.
[10]王钰莹,孙娇,刘政鸿,乔亚玲,张枭将,李凤娇,郝文芳.陕南秦巴山区厚朴群落土壤肥力评价.生态学报,2016,36(16):5133-5141.
[11]刘艳,宋同清,蔡德所,曾馥平,彭晚霞,杜虎.喀斯特峰丛洼地不同土地利用方式土壤肥力特征.应用生态学报,2014,25(6):1561-1568.
[12]刘丽,徐明恺,汪思龙,张倩茹,王楠,潘华奇,胡江春.杉木人工林土壤质量演变过程中土壤微生物群落结构变化.生态学报,2013,33(15):4692-4706.
[13]吕真真,吴向东,侯红乾,冀建华,刘秀梅,刘益仁.有机-无机肥配施比例对双季稻田土壤质量的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(4):904-913.
[14]邓绍欢,曾令涛,关强,李鹏,刘满强,李辉信,焦加国.基于最小数据集的南方地区冷浸田土壤质量评价.土壤学报,2016,53(5):1326-1333.
[15]薛沛沛,王兵,牛香.大岗山不同海拔毛竹林土壤肥力的灰色关联度分析.浙江农业学报,2013,25(6):1354-1359.
[16]麻泽宇,王丹,戴伟,张毓涛,戴奥娜.阿尔泰山不同海拔梯度天然冷杉林土壤特征及肥力综合评价.水土保持研究,2016,23(5):134-140.
[17]焦润安,李朝周,赵阳,焦健.海拔对陇南白龙江流域油橄榄园土壤肥力的影响.生态学杂志,2018,37(2):360-365.
[18]江肖洁,耿春女,韩建秋,周玉梅.增温对长白山苔原植物叶片和土壤矿质元素含量的影响.生态学报,2016,36(7):1928-1935.
[19]李天才,曹广民,柳青海,周国英,师生波,张德罡.青海湖北岸退化与封育草地土壤与优势植物中四种微量元素特征.草业学报,2012,21(5):213-221.
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版).北京:中国农业出版社,2008:74-271.
[21]张子龙,王文全,缪作清,李世东,杨建忠.主成分分析在三七连作土壤质量综合评价中的应用.生态学杂志,2013,32(6):1636-1644.
[22]Jin Z Z,Lei J Q,Xu X W,Li S Y,Zhao S F,Qiu Y Z,Bo X.Evaluation of soil fertility of the shelter-forest land along the Tarim Desert Highway.Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53(S2):125-136.
[23]秦仕忆,喻阳华,邢容容,王璐.黔西北不同演替阶段植物群落养分质量诊断与经营策略.林业资源管理,2017,(6):27-33.
[24]张润甲.重庆喀斯特槽谷土地利用模式的探讨[D].重庆:西南大学,2009.
[25]Tian H Q,Chen G S,Zhang C,Melillo J M,Hall C A S.Pattern and variation of C:N:P ratios in china's soils:a synthesis of observational data.Biogeochemistry,2010,98(1/3):139-151.
[26]孙向阳.土壤学.北京:中国林业出版社,2006:69-72.
[27]龙健,廖洪凯,李娟,陈彩云.基于冗余分析的典型喀斯特山区土壤-石漠化关系研究.环境科学,2012,33(6):2131-2138.
[28]龚霞,牛德奎,赵晓蕊,鲁顺保,刘苑秋,魏晓华,郭晓敏.植被恢复对亚热带退化红壤区土壤化学性质与微生物群落的影响.应用生态学报,2013,24(4):1094-1100.
[29]廖洪凯,李娟,龙健,刘灵飞,杨华,张文娟.基于组内-组间主成分分析的土地利用与团聚体有机碳关系的研究.自然资源学报,2015,30(1):141-151.
[30]刘淑明,孙佳乾,邓振义,魏典典,张刚,孙丙寅.干旱胁迫对花椒不同品种根系生长及水分利用的影响.林业科学,2013,49(12):30-35.
[31]李廷亮,谢英荷,任苗苗,邓树元,单杰,雷震宇,洪坚平,王朝辉.施肥和覆膜垄沟种植对旱地小麦产量及水氮利用的影响.生态学报,2011,31(1):212-220.
[32]Al-Kaisi M M,Yin X H.Effects of nitrogen rate,irrigation rate,and plant population on corn yield and water use efficiency.Agronomy Journal,2003,95(6):1475-1482.
[33]Pirmoradian N,Sepaskhah A R,Maftoun M.Deficit irrigation and nitrogen effects on nitrogen-use efficiency and grain protein of rice.Agronomie,2004,24(3):143-153.