电力系统输电运行弹性空间建模与效益评估
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摘要
电力负荷增长和新能源接入给电网安全、经济运行带来了新的挑战。为提高电网运行安全裕度,在更大空间内实现资源优化配置,需要在现有设备基础上,挖掘电网的电能输送潜力。为此,提出输电环节运行弹性空间的概念,以挖掘输电线路与联络线的运行弹性空间。文中提出两种提高输电运行弹性空间的方式及其建模方法:①基于转移分布因子,建立线路故障短时增容弹性模型;②基于互联外网静态等值模型,建立考虑外网运行约束的联络线调整弹性模型。在此基础上,提出考虑输电运行弹性空间的N-1安全经济调度优化模型。最后,通过IEEE 30节点与IEEE 9节点互联系统评估了输电运行弹性空间的效益。仿真表明,考虑输电运行弹性空间的调度方法相较于常规调度方法可有效提高风电消纳,降低电网运行成本。
With the increase of power loads and the integration of new energies, it brings new challenges to the security and economic operation of the power grid. In order to improve the security margin of power grid and optimize the resource allocation within the larger space, it is necessary to tap the potential of power transmission based on existing equipment. Therefore, a basic concept of transmission operation flexible space is proposed to explore the operation flexible space of the transmission line and tie line. This paper proposes two ways to improve transmission operation flexible space and establishes corresponding models: 1) Establishing the short-time capacity-increase model of transmission lines after contingencies based on the power transfer distribution factor; 2) Establishing the adjustable flexibility model of the tie line that considers operational constraints of the external network based on external static equivalent model. Furthermore, the economic dispatch with N-1 security model considering transmission flexible space is proposed. Finally, the benefits of transmission operation flexible space are evaluated through the IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 9-bus interconnected system. Simulation results show that the dispatch method considering transmission operation flexible space can improve the wind power consumption and reduce the operation cost effectively compared with conventional dispatch methods.
With the increase of power loads and the integration of new energies, it brings new challenges to the security and economic operation of the power grid. In order to improve the security margin of power grid and optimize the resource allocation within the larger space, it is necessary to tap the potential of power transmission based on existing equipment. Therefore, a basic concept of transmission operation flexible space is proposed to explore the operation flexible space of the transmission line and tie line. This paper proposes two ways to improve transmission operation flexible space and establishes corresponding models: 1) Establishing the short-time capacity-increase model of transmission lines after contingencies based on the power transfer distribution factor; 2) Establishing the adjustable flexibility model of the tie line that considers operational constraints of the external network based on external static equivalent model. Furthermore, the economic dispatch with N-1 security model considering transmission flexible space is proposed. Finally, the benefits of transmission operation flexible space are evaluated through the IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 9-bus interconnected system. Simulation results show that the dispatch method considering transmission operation flexible space can improve the wind power consumption and reduce the operation cost effectively compared with conventional dispatch methods.
引文
[1] YANG Z, ZHONG H, BOSE A, et al. A linearized OPF model with reactive power and voltage magnitude: a pathway to improve the MW-only DC OPF[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2018, 33(2): 1734-1745.
[2] YANG Zhifang, BOSE A, ZHONG Haiwang, et al. Optimal reactive power dispatch with accurately modeled discrete control devices: a successive linear approximation approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2017, 32(3): 2435-2444.
[3] 杨明,韩学山,王士柏,等.不确定运行条件下电力系统鲁棒调度的基础研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(增刊1):100-107.YANG Ming, HAN Xueshan, WANG Shibai, et al. Fundamental research for power system robust dispatch under uncertain operating condition[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(Supplement 1): 100-107.
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[5] 张沈习,袁加妍,程浩忠,等.主动配电网中考虑需求侧管理和网络重构的分布式电源规划方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(增刊):1-9.ZHANG Shenxi, YUAN Jiayan, CHENG Haozhong, et al. Optimal distributed generation planning in active distribution network considering demand side management and network reconfiguration[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(Supplement): 1-9.
[6] 于坤山,谢立军,金锐.IGBT技术进展及其在柔性直流输电中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(6):139-143.YU Kunshan, XIE Lijun, JIN Rui. Recent development and application prospects of IGBT in flexible HVDC power system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(6): 139-143.
[7] 张文亮,丘明,来小康.储能技术在电力系统中的应用[J].电网技术,2008,32(7):1-9.ZHANG Wenliang, QIU Ming, LAI Xiaokang. Application of energy storage technologies in power grids[J]. Power System Technology, 2008, 32(7): 1-9.
[8] 曾鸣,吕春泉,邱柳青,等.风电并网时基于需求侧响应的输电规划模型[J].电网技术,2011,35(4):129-134.ZENG Ming, Lü Chunquan, QIU Liuqing, et al. A demand-side response-based transmission planning model with grid-connected wind farms[J]. Power System Technology, 2011, 35(4): 129-134.
[9] LI Zhengshuo, GUO Qinglai, SUN Hongbin, et al. Coordinated transmission and distribution AC optimal power flow[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2018, 9(2): 1228-1240.
[10] 姚建国,杨胜春,王珂,等.智能电网“源-网-荷”互动运行控制概念及研究框架[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(21):1-6.YAO Jianguo, YANG Shengchun, WANG Ke, et al. Concept and research framework of smart grid “source-grid-load” interactive operation and control[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2012, 36(21): 1-6.
[11] 杨秀媛,黄丹,申洪.多能源互补独立电力系统的控制策略仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(4):156-162.YANG Xiuyuan, HUANG Dan, SHEN Hong. Research on control strategy of multi-energy complementary isolated power system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(4): 156-162.
[12] 杨知方,钟海旺,夏清,等.输电网结构优化问题研究综述和展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(2):426-434.YANG Zhifang, ZHONG Haiwang, XIA Qing, et al. Review and prospect of transmission topology optimization[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(2): 426-434.
[13] YANG Zhifang, ZHONG Haiwang, XIA Qing, et al. Optimal transmission switching with short-circuit current limitation constraints[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2016, 31(2): 1278-1288.
[14] HOUSE K E, TUTTLE P D. Current-carrying capacity of ACSR[J]. Electrical Engineering, 1958, 77(8): 719.
[15] NEHER J H, MCGRATH M H. The calculation of the temperature rise and load capability of cable systems[J]. AIEE Power Apparatus & Systems, 1957, 76(3): 752-764.
[16] 王孟夏,韩学山.基于电热协调的电网安全校正控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(12):32-36.WANG Mengxia, HAN Xueshan. Realization of security corrective control considering electro-thermal coordination[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2011, 35(12): 32-36.
[17] 冯凯,应展烽,张旭东,等.单铝层导线输电网电热协调潮流模型及其解法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(18):61-67.FENG Kai, YING Zhanfeng, ZHANG Xudong, et al. Electro-thermal coordinated power flow model for single-layer conductor network and its solution[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(18): 61-67.
[18] MONTICELLI A, PEREIRA M F, GRANVILLE S. Security-constrained optimal power flow with post-contingency corrective rescheduling[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1987, 1(1): 175-180.
[19] LIU Y, FERRIS M C, ZHAO F. Computational study of security constrained economic dispatch with multi-stage rescheduling[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2015, 30(2): 920-929.
[20] CHEN C L, CHEN Z Y, LEE T Y. Multi-area economic generation and reserve dispatch considering large-scale integration of wind power[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2014, 55(2): 171-178.
[21] 徐帆,丁恰,韩红卫,等.促进跨区新能源消纳的直流联络线功率优化模型及分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(18):152-159.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170401001.XU Fan, DING Qia, HAN Hongwei, et al. Power optimization model and analysis of HVDC tie-line for promoting integration of inter-regional renewable energy accommodation[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(18): 152-159. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20170401001.
[22] 钟海旺,夏清,丁茂生,等.以直流联络线运行方式优化提升新能源消纳能力的新模式[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(3):36-42.ZHONG Haiwang, XIA Qing, DING Maosheng, et al. A new mode of HVDC tie-line operation optimization for maximizing renewable energy accommodation[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(3): 36-42.
[23] 汪洋,夏清,康重庆.考虑电网N-1闭环安全校核的最优安全发电计划[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(10):39-45.WANG Yang, XIA Qing, KANG Chongqing. Optimal security constrained generation scheduling considering closed-loop N-1 security correction[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(10): 39-45.
[24] CAPITANESCU F, RAMOS J M, PANCIATICI P, et al. State-of-the-art, challenges, and future trends in security-constrained optimal power flow[J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2011, 81(8): 1731-1741.
[25] MASLENNIKOV S, LITVINOV E. Adaptive emergency transmission rates in power system and market operation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2009, 24(2): 923-929.
[26] YANG Zhifang, ZHONG Haiwang, XIA Qing, et al. Solving OPF using linear approximations: fundamental analysis and numerical demonstration[J]. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2017, 11(17): 4115-4125.
[2] YANG Zhifang, BOSE A, ZHONG Haiwang, et al. Optimal reactive power dispatch with accurately modeled discrete control devices: a successive linear approximation approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2017, 32(3): 2435-2444.
[3] 杨明,韩学山,王士柏,等.不确定运行条件下电力系统鲁棒调度的基础研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(增刊1):100-107.YANG Ming, HAN Xueshan, WANG Shibai, et al. Fundamental research for power system robust dispatch under uncertain operating condition[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(Supplement 1): 100-107.
[4] 杨彦,张尧,陈皓勇,等.考虑系统运行不确定性的电力市场均衡模型[J].电网技术,2012,36(7):100-105.YANG Yan, ZHANG Yao, CHEN Haoyong, et al. An electricity market equilibrium model considering uncertainty in power system operation[J]. Power System Technology, 2012, 36(7): 100-105.
[5] 张沈习,袁加妍,程浩忠,等.主动配电网中考虑需求侧管理和网络重构的分布式电源规划方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(增刊):1-9.ZHANG Shenxi, YUAN Jiayan, CHENG Haozhong, et al. Optimal distributed generation planning in active distribution network considering demand side management and network reconfiguration[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(Supplement): 1-9.
[6] 于坤山,谢立军,金锐.IGBT技术进展及其在柔性直流输电中的应用[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(6):139-143.YU Kunshan, XIE Lijun, JIN Rui. Recent development and application prospects of IGBT in flexible HVDC power system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(6): 139-143.
[7] 张文亮,丘明,来小康.储能技术在电力系统中的应用[J].电网技术,2008,32(7):1-9.ZHANG Wenliang, QIU Ming, LAI Xiaokang. Application of energy storage technologies in power grids[J]. Power System Technology, 2008, 32(7): 1-9.
[8] 曾鸣,吕春泉,邱柳青,等.风电并网时基于需求侧响应的输电规划模型[J].电网技术,2011,35(4):129-134.ZENG Ming, Lü Chunquan, QIU Liuqing, et al. A demand-side response-based transmission planning model with grid-connected wind farms[J]. Power System Technology, 2011, 35(4): 129-134.
[9] LI Zhengshuo, GUO Qinglai, SUN Hongbin, et al. Coordinated transmission and distribution AC optimal power flow[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2018, 9(2): 1228-1240.
[10] 姚建国,杨胜春,王珂,等.智能电网“源-网-荷”互动运行控制概念及研究框架[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(21):1-6.YAO Jianguo, YANG Shengchun, WANG Ke, et al. Concept and research framework of smart grid “source-grid-load” interactive operation and control[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2012, 36(21): 1-6.
[11] 杨秀媛,黄丹,申洪.多能源互补独立电力系统的控制策略仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(4):156-162.YANG Xiuyuan, HUANG Dan, SHEN Hong. Research on control strategy of multi-energy complementary isolated power system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(4): 156-162.
[12] 杨知方,钟海旺,夏清,等.输电网结构优化问题研究综述和展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(2):426-434.YANG Zhifang, ZHONG Haiwang, XIA Qing, et al. Review and prospect of transmission topology optimization[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(2): 426-434.
[13] YANG Zhifang, ZHONG Haiwang, XIA Qing, et al. Optimal transmission switching with short-circuit current limitation constraints[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2016, 31(2): 1278-1288.
[14] HOUSE K E, TUTTLE P D. Current-carrying capacity of ACSR[J]. Electrical Engineering, 1958, 77(8): 719.
[15] NEHER J H, MCGRATH M H. The calculation of the temperature rise and load capability of cable systems[J]. AIEE Power Apparatus & Systems, 1957, 76(3): 752-764.
[16] 王孟夏,韩学山.基于电热协调的电网安全校正控制方法[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(12):32-36.WANG Mengxia, HAN Xueshan. Realization of security corrective control considering electro-thermal coordination[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2011, 35(12): 32-36.
[17] 冯凯,应展烽,张旭东,等.单铝层导线输电网电热协调潮流模型及其解法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(18):61-67.FENG Kai, YING Zhanfeng, ZHANG Xudong, et al. Electro-thermal coordinated power flow model for single-layer conductor network and its solution[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2016, 40(18): 61-67.
[18] MONTICELLI A, PEREIRA M F, GRANVILLE S. Security-constrained optimal power flow with post-contingency corrective rescheduling[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1987, 1(1): 175-180.
[19] LIU Y, FERRIS M C, ZHAO F. Computational study of security constrained economic dispatch with multi-stage rescheduling[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2015, 30(2): 920-929.
[20] CHEN C L, CHEN Z Y, LEE T Y. Multi-area economic generation and reserve dispatch considering large-scale integration of wind power[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2014, 55(2): 171-178.
[21] 徐帆,丁恰,韩红卫,等.促进跨区新能源消纳的直流联络线功率优化模型及分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(18):152-159.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170401001.XU Fan, DING Qia, HAN Hongwei, et al. Power optimization model and analysis of HVDC tie-line for promoting integration of inter-regional renewable energy accommodation[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(18): 152-159. DOI: 10.7500/AEPS20170401001.
[22] 钟海旺,夏清,丁茂生,等.以直流联络线运行方式优化提升新能源消纳能力的新模式[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(3):36-42.ZHONG Haiwang, XIA Qing, DING Maosheng, et al. A new mode of HVDC tie-line operation optimization for maximizing renewable energy accommodation[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2015, 39(3): 36-42.
[23] 汪洋,夏清,康重庆.考虑电网N-1闭环安全校核的最优安全发电计划[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(10):39-45.WANG Yang, XIA Qing, KANG Chongqing. Optimal security constrained generation scheduling considering closed-loop N-1 security correction[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(10): 39-45.
[24] CAPITANESCU F, RAMOS J M, PANCIATICI P, et al. State-of-the-art, challenges, and future trends in security-constrained optimal power flow[J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2011, 81(8): 1731-1741.
[25] MASLENNIKOV S, LITVINOV E. Adaptive emergency transmission rates in power system and market operation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2009, 24(2): 923-929.
[26] YANG Zhifang, ZHONG Haiwang, XIA Qing, et al. Solving OPF using linear approximations: fundamental analysis and numerical demonstration[J]. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2017, 11(17): 4115-4125.