广东省农户水稻生产成本收益及种粮意愿分析
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摘要
【目的】了解广东省水稻生产户的投入产出水平、成本收益状况和农户种粮意愿。【方法】通过田野调查获得微观农户数据,利用描述性统计结合定性分析分析农户生产情况和生产意愿。【结果】当前广东省水稻生产面临严重的老龄化和副业化,土地规模小,细碎化严重;在考虑劳动力和土地成本前提下,农户水稻生产普遍面临亏损;劳动力占水稻生产成本最大部分,插秧环节以及打晒环节用工较多;农户种植水稻主要为满足家庭需求,对国家政策了解有限;随着年龄增加,农户退出水稻生产意愿明显。【结论】广东水稻生产总体缺乏效率,农民对粮食生产缺乏积极性,通过土地流转和优质品种的推广形成规模化、专业化和优质稻的种植者是广东水稻产业提质增效的重要手段。
【Objective】 The study was to understand the input-output and cost-benefit of rice production and farmers' willingness to grow rice in Guangdong Province. 【Methods】 The microscopic farm household data was obtained through field survey and farmers' production situation and production willingness were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis.. 【Results】At present, rice production in Guangdong Province is facing severe aging and farmers' engagement in non-agricultural sectors. The average farmland scale is small and fragmented. Under the premise of considering labor and land costs, farmers' rice production is generally facing losses as labor accounts for the largest part of rice production costs and more labor force is needed in the transplanting and post-harvest process. The purpose of farmers' rice production is mainly to meet the needs of the family and they have limited understanding of national grain support policies. With the increase of age, the farmers tend to withdraw from the rice production obviously. 【Conclusion】Due to the low efficiency and profit of rice production in Guangdong, farmers have poor initiative in rice production. Land transfer and promotion of high-quality varieties are important measures to form large-scale, specialized and high-quality rice growers for the improvement of quality and efficiency of rice production in Guangdong.
【Objective】 The study was to understand the input-output and cost-benefit of rice production and farmers' willingness to grow rice in Guangdong Province. 【Methods】 The microscopic farm household data was obtained through field survey and farmers' production situation and production willingness were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis.. 【Results】At present, rice production in Guangdong Province is facing severe aging and farmers' engagement in non-agricultural sectors. The average farmland scale is small and fragmented. Under the premise of considering labor and land costs, farmers' rice production is generally facing losses as labor accounts for the largest part of rice production costs and more labor force is needed in the transplanting and post-harvest process. The purpose of farmers' rice production is mainly to meet the needs of the family and they have limited understanding of national grain support policies. With the increase of age, the farmers tend to withdraw from the rice production obviously. 【Conclusion】Due to the low efficiency and profit of rice production in Guangdong, farmers have poor initiative in rice production. Land transfer and promotion of high-quality varieties are important measures to form large-scale, specialized and high-quality rice growers for the improvement of quality and efficiency of rice production in Guangdong.
引文
[1]张超,张禄祥,万忠,方伟,王丰.2009年广东水稻产业发展现状分析[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(3):231-233.ZHANG C,ZHANG L X,WAN Z,FANG W,WANG F.Analysis of the Present Situation of Rice Industry in Guangdong in 2009[J].Guangdong Agricultural Science,2010,37(3):231-233.
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[9]陈洁.加快培育新型种粮主体[J].中国党政干部论坛,2012(3):24-26.CHEN J.Accelerating the cultivation of new seed production subjects[J].Chinese Party and Government Cadres Forum,2012(3):24-26.
[10]王全忠,周宏.稻作制度选择、种植业结构调整及农户决策独立性检验[J].农林经济管理学报,2016,15(2):133-143.WANG Q Z,ZHOU H.Selection of rice cultivation system,planting structure adjustment and farmers'decision-making independence test[J].Journal of Agro-forestry Economics,2016,15(2):133-143.
[11]王兵,郑璟,刘锦銮,杜尧东.广东省不同地区稻田甲烷排放的差异性及其模型估计[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(3):39-46.doi:10.16765/j.cnki.1673-7148.2018.03.005.WANG B,ZHENG J,LIU J L,DU Y D.Differences in methane emissions from paddy fields in different regions of Guangdong Province and their model estimates[J].Meteorological and Environmental Sciences,2018,41(3):39-46.doi:10.16765/j.cnki.1673-7148.2018.03.005.
[12]叶延琼,章家恩,秦钟,李逸勉,李韵.广东省水稻产业发展规划探讨[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(3):1-5.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-1302.2013.03.001.YE Y Q,ZHANG J E,QIN Z,LI Y M,LI Y.Discussion on the development plan of rice industry in Guangdong Province[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(3):1-5.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-1302.2013.03.001.
[13]蓝涛.清远市农业现代化进展及发展对策[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.LAN T.Progress and development countermeasures of agricultural modernization in Qingyuan City[D].Guangzhou:South China Agricultural University,2016.
[14]田新建,秦富,李明洋.中国水稻生产成本地区性差异成因的实证分析[J].农业工程学报,2005(S2):247-250.TIAN X J,QIN F,LI M Y.An Empirical analysis of the causes of regional differences in rice production costs in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2005(S2):247-250.
[15]郑文钟,陈丽妮,洪一前.水稻生产“机器换人”省工节本估算方法及其应用[J].现代农机,2018(1):20-25.ZHENG W Z,CHEN L N,HONG Y Q.Estimation method and application of labor-saving Section for"Machine Substitution"in Rice Production[J].Modern Agricultural Machinery,2018(1):20-25.
[16]曾福生,戴鹏.农户种粮选择行为影响因素分析[J].技术经济,2012,31(2):80-86.ZENG F S,DAI P.Analysis of factors affecting farmers'grain selection behavior[J].Technology Economics,2012,31(2):80-86.
[17]李国祥.未来种粮呈两种格局[J].中国农村科技,2017(7):10.LI G X.The future grain growing presents two patterns[J].China Rural Science and Technology,2017(7):10.
[18]张金梅,邓谨.惠农政策实施效果评价及对策研究——以国家级贫困县为例[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(26):218-222.ZHANG J M,DENG J.The effect evaluation of agriculture preference policy and its countermeasures-taking state-level poor counties as example[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(26):218-222.
[19]曹中华.惠农政策对农村经济与农民收入的促进作用[J].农业与技术,2018,38(8):160.CAO Z H.The promotion of rural economy and farmers'income by the policy of benefiting agriculture[J].Agriculture&Technology,2018,38(8):160.
[20]马光荣.安庆市水稻生产功能区建设现状与建议[J].安徽农学通报,2016,22(20):25,58.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7731.2016.20.013.MA G R.Present situation and suggestions for the construction of rice production functional zone in Anqing City[J].Auhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,22(20):25,58.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7731.2016.20.013.
[2]蔡昉.刘易斯转折点后的农业发展政策选择[J].中国农村经济,2008(8):4-15.CAI F.Selection of agricultural development policy after Lewis Turning Point[J].China Rural Economy,2008(8):4-15.
[3]陈风波,丁士军.水稻投入产出与稻农技术需求——对江苏和湖北的调查[J].农业技术经济,2007(6):44-50.CHEN F B,DING S J.Input and output of rice and technical demand of rice farmers-A survey of Jiangsu and Hubei[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2007(6):44-50.
[4]TAN S.Impact of land fragmentation on rice producers’technical efficiency in South-East China[J].NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences,2010,57(2):117-123.
[5]JIN S,DEININGER K.Land rental markets in the process of rural structural transformation:productivity and equity impacts from China[J].Journal of Comparative Economics,2009,37(4):629-646.
[6]王建浩.新时期广东粮食供给安全分析[J].南方农村,2014,30(8):55-59.WANG J H.Analysis of food supply security in guangdong in the new period[J].South China Rural Area,2014,30(8):55-59
[7]梁俊芬,周怀康.广东水稻生产成本收益比较分析[J].中国稻米,2017,23(1):60-64.LIANG J F,ZHOU H K.Comparative analysis of cost and income of rice production in Guangdong[J].China Rice,2017,23(1):60-64.
[8]卢晨昊.实施乡村振兴战略路径研究——基于湖州市安吉县黄杜村的调查[J].上海农村经济,2018(11):43-45.LU C H.Study on the implementation of rural revitalization strategy path-based on the investigation of Huangdu Village in Anji County,Huzhou City[J].Shanghai Rural Economy,2018(11):43-45.
[9]陈洁.加快培育新型种粮主体[J].中国党政干部论坛,2012(3):24-26.CHEN J.Accelerating the cultivation of new seed production subjects[J].Chinese Party and Government Cadres Forum,2012(3):24-26.
[10]王全忠,周宏.稻作制度选择、种植业结构调整及农户决策独立性检验[J].农林经济管理学报,2016,15(2):133-143.WANG Q Z,ZHOU H.Selection of rice cultivation system,planting structure adjustment and farmers'decision-making independence test[J].Journal of Agro-forestry Economics,2016,15(2):133-143.
[11]王兵,郑璟,刘锦銮,杜尧东.广东省不同地区稻田甲烷排放的差异性及其模型估计[J].气象与环境科学,2018,41(3):39-46.doi:10.16765/j.cnki.1673-7148.2018.03.005.WANG B,ZHENG J,LIU J L,DU Y D.Differences in methane emissions from paddy fields in different regions of Guangdong Province and their model estimates[J].Meteorological and Environmental Sciences,2018,41(3):39-46.doi:10.16765/j.cnki.1673-7148.2018.03.005.
[12]叶延琼,章家恩,秦钟,李逸勉,李韵.广东省水稻产业发展规划探讨[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(3):1-5.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-1302.2013.03.001.YE Y Q,ZHANG J E,QIN Z,LI Y M,LI Y.Discussion on the development plan of rice industry in Guangdong Province[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(3):1-5.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-1302.2013.03.001.
[13]蓝涛.清远市农业现代化进展及发展对策[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016.LAN T.Progress and development countermeasures of agricultural modernization in Qingyuan City[D].Guangzhou:South China Agricultural University,2016.
[14]田新建,秦富,李明洋.中国水稻生产成本地区性差异成因的实证分析[J].农业工程学报,2005(S2):247-250.TIAN X J,QIN F,LI M Y.An Empirical analysis of the causes of regional differences in rice production costs in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2005(S2):247-250.
[15]郑文钟,陈丽妮,洪一前.水稻生产“机器换人”省工节本估算方法及其应用[J].现代农机,2018(1):20-25.ZHENG W Z,CHEN L N,HONG Y Q.Estimation method and application of labor-saving Section for"Machine Substitution"in Rice Production[J].Modern Agricultural Machinery,2018(1):20-25.
[16]曾福生,戴鹏.农户种粮选择行为影响因素分析[J].技术经济,2012,31(2):80-86.ZENG F S,DAI P.Analysis of factors affecting farmers'grain selection behavior[J].Technology Economics,2012,31(2):80-86.
[17]李国祥.未来种粮呈两种格局[J].中国农村科技,2017(7):10.LI G X.The future grain growing presents two patterns[J].China Rural Science and Technology,2017(7):10.
[18]张金梅,邓谨.惠农政策实施效果评价及对策研究——以国家级贫困县为例[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(26):218-222.ZHANG J M,DENG J.The effect evaluation of agriculture preference policy and its countermeasures-taking state-level poor counties as example[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(26):218-222.
[19]曹中华.惠农政策对农村经济与农民收入的促进作用[J].农业与技术,2018,38(8):160.CAO Z H.The promotion of rural economy and farmers'income by the policy of benefiting agriculture[J].Agriculture&Technology,2018,38(8):160.
[20]马光荣.安庆市水稻生产功能区建设现状与建议[J].安徽农学通报,2016,22(20):25,58.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7731.2016.20.013.MA G R.Present situation and suggestions for the construction of rice production functional zone in Anqing City[J].Auhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,22(20):25,58.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7731.2016.20.013.