基于ERT技术的硫酸钡颗粒形成过程研究
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摘要
采用电阻层析成像技术(ERT)实时监测反应器内横截面电导率变化,进而考查络合法形成球形硫酸钡颗粒的过程中溶液电导率变化趋势。在拟均相条件下,根据ERT实时监测、采集、分析硫酸钡颗粒生成过程中电导率变化情况,得出电导率变化曲线,并采用扫描电子显微镜方法观察随着反应时间变化硫酸钡颗粒的形态变化情况。实验结果表明,使用ERT监测电导率变化可以得出不同浓度条件下电导率变化趋势及其浓度条件下的最适宜反应时间,并验证了采用电阻层析技术(ERT)对研究硫酸钡颗粒的形成具有较高的灵敏度,可用于研究硫酸钡颗粒的形成最适宜时间;用扫描电子显微镜观察络合法合成硫酸钡最开始形成一种梭型颗粒,随着钡离子的缓慢释放,硫酸钡颗粒不断生长,最终得到粒度均匀、分散性良好的球形硫酸钡颗粒。
The conductivity of the reactor was monitored by resistance tomography(ERT) in real time, and the change of the conductivity of the solution during the formation of spherical barium sulfate particles was investigated. Under Pseudo-homogeneous conditions, the relation between the conductivity change and barium sulfate particles is on line monitored by ERT, which is used to analyze the generated particle concentration, and the morphology of barium sulfate particles in reaction stage is observed using the scanning electron microscope. The experimental results show that the electrical conductivity of change trend and the best reaction time under different concentration are obtained through the ERT monitoring conductivity change, which can form the size uniformity of spherical particles. It also verifies the electrical resistance tomography(ERT) technique can be used to study the formation of barium sulfate particles with high sensitivity.
The conductivity of the reactor was monitored by resistance tomography(ERT) in real time, and the change of the conductivity of the solution during the formation of spherical barium sulfate particles was investigated. Under Pseudo-homogeneous conditions, the relation between the conductivity change and barium sulfate particles is on line monitored by ERT, which is used to analyze the generated particle concentration, and the morphology of barium sulfate particles in reaction stage is observed using the scanning electron microscope. The experimental results show that the electrical conductivity of change trend and the best reaction time under different concentration are obtained through the ERT monitoring conductivity change, which can form the size uniformity of spherical particles. It also verifies the electrical resistance tomography(ERT) technique can be used to study the formation of barium sulfate particles with high sensitivity.
引文
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[3] Dickin F,Wang M.Electrical resistance tomography for process application[J].Measurement Science & Technology,1996,7(3):247-260
[4] 马艺馨,徐苓安,姜常珍,等.电阻层析成像技术的研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2001,22(2):195-198Ma Yixin,Xu Lingan,Jiang Changzhen et al.Study of electrical resistance tomography[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2001,22(2):195-198(in Chinese)
[5] Bonid J,Cullivan J C,Climpson N,et al.Industrial monitoring of hydrocyclone operation using electrical resistance tomography[C]//1st World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography,Derbyshire:Buxton,Apr 14-17,1999
[6] 董峰,崔晓会.电阻层析成像技术的发展[J].仪器仪表学报,2003,8(24):703-705Dong Feng,Cui Xiaohui.The development of electrical resistance tomography[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2003,8(24):703-705(in Chinese)
[7] Deng X,Dong F,Xu L,et al.The design of a dual-plane ERT system for cross correlation measurement of bubbly gas/liquid pipe flow[J].Measurement,Science and Technology,2001,12(8):1 024-1 031
[8] Jin H,Han Y,Yang S,et al.Electrical resistance tomography coupled with differential pressure measurement to determine phase hold-ups in gas liquid solid outer loop bubble column[J].Flow Measurement and Instrument,2010,21:228-232
[9] Jin H,Yang S,Wang M,et al.Measurement of gas holdup profiles in a gas liquid concurrent bubble column using electrical resistance tomography[J].Flow Measurement and Instrument,2007,18:191-196
[10] Sikdar S K,Randolph A D.Secondary nucleation of two fast growth systems in a mixed suspension crystallizer:Magnesium sulfate and citric acid water systems[J].AIChE Journal,2010,22(1):110-117
[11] 杨贝.油田注水系统中硫酸钡管路结垢动力学研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2013Yang Bei.Study on the kinetic of barium sulfate scale pipeline in oilfield water injection systems [D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2013(in Chinese)
[12] 张立川,陈启元,尹周澜.电导法研究过饱和铝酸钠溶液均相成核\\过程[J].物理化学学报,2008,24(6):1 111-1 114Zhang Lichuan,Chen Qiyuan,Yin Zhoulan.Homogeneous nucleation process saturated sodium aluminate solution with conductance method[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry,2008,24 (6):1 111-1 114(in Chinese)
[13] Taguchi K,Garside J,Narayan S.Nucleation and growth kinetics of barium sulfate in batch precipitation[J].Journal of Crystal Growth,1996,163:318-328
[14] 尹晓爽,杨文忠,唐永明,等.PBTCA对硫酸钡结晶动力学的影响[J].应用化学,2008,3:356-360Yin Xiaoshuang,Yang Wenzhong,Tang Yongming,et al.PBTCA influence of barium sulfate crystallization kinetics[J].Applied Chemistry,2008,3:356-360(in Chinese)
[15] Wabo E,Kagoshima M,Mann R.Batch stirred vessel mixing evaluated by visualized reactive tracers and electrical tomography[J].Chemical Engineering Research and Design,2004,82(A9):1 229-1 236(in Chinese)