缝隙对钢衬钢筋混凝土管道结构承载特性的影响研究
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摘要
基于某水电站坝后背管实际工程,建立了坝后背管斜直段底端的局部三维有限元数值分析模型,采用混凝土塑性损伤模型模拟管道外包及坝体混凝土,并在钢管与外包混凝土之间引入摩擦接触单元模拟两者之间的接触滑移特性.根据钢管外缝隙分布特征,拟定了均匀缝隙、非均匀缝隙以及随机缝隙方案,系统研究了缝隙值的大小及分布特征对管道承载特性的影响.结果表明:管道起裂荷载与缝隙值大小呈线性关系,由初裂部位附近的缝隙量控制;管道位移最大值基本出现在腰部附近40°范围内,缝隙值分布对管道上半周尤其是管顶的变形影响最大;内水压力较大时,不同缝隙方案承载比分布规律一致且数值比较接近,钢衬与钢筋混凝土在管道腰部的承载比基本不受摩擦系数的影响.
The three-dimensional finite element model for the inclined segment of a penstock on the downstream dam surface was developed after an actual hydropower station.A concrete damage plasticity model was employed to simulate the surrounding reinforced concrete and the contact friction element was introduced to simulate the contact-sliding between the steel liner and the reinforced concrete.According to the distribution pattern of the gap between the steel liner and the concrete,three sets of schemes regarding the uniform gap,non-uniform gap and random distribution gap were established to study the influence of the gap value and distribution pattern on the bearing mechanism of the penstock systematically.The results show that the initial cracking load is linearly related to the value of the gap,controlled by the value of the gap near the initial crack.The maximum displacement of the penstock is located within 40° near the waist.The distribution of the gap has great influence on the deformation of the upper half of penstock,especially around the crown.When the inner water pressure becomes larger,the distribution laws of the bearing ratio among the three sets of gap schemes are consistent,and the distribution of values is more concentrated.The bearing ratios of the steel liner and the reinforced concrete at the waist hardly change with the friction coefficients.
The three-dimensional finite element model for the inclined segment of a penstock on the downstream dam surface was developed after an actual hydropower station.A concrete damage plasticity model was employed to simulate the surrounding reinforced concrete and the contact friction element was introduced to simulate the contact-sliding between the steel liner and the reinforced concrete.According to the distribution pattern of the gap between the steel liner and the concrete,three sets of schemes regarding the uniform gap,non-uniform gap and random distribution gap were established to study the influence of the gap value and distribution pattern on the bearing mechanism of the penstock systematically.The results show that the initial cracking load is linearly related to the value of the gap,controlled by the value of the gap near the initial crack.The maximum displacement of the penstock is located within 40° near the waist.The distribution of the gap has great influence on the deformation of the upper half of penstock,especially around the crown.When the inner water pressure becomes larger,the distribution laws of the bearing ratio among the three sets of gap schemes are consistent,and the distribution of values is more concentrated.The bearing ratios of the steel liner and the reinforced concrete at the waist hardly change with the friction coefficients.
引文
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[14]许新勇,李敏芝,马震岳,等.基于非均匀间隙的充水保压蜗壳施工仿真分析[J].水力发电学报,2009,28(4):75-80.Xu Xinyong,Li Minzhi,Ma Zhenyue,et al.Simulation and analysis of the constant internal pressure spiral case with non-uniform gap[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2009,28(4):75-80(in Chinese).
[15]SL281—2003水电站压力钢管设计规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.SL281—2003 Design Code for Steel Penstock of Hydroelectric Station[S].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2003(in Chinese).
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[18]沈新普,王琛元,周琳.一个钢筋混凝土损伤塑性本构模型及工程应用[J].工程力学,2007,24(9):122-128.Shen Xinpu,Wang Chenyuan,Zhou Lin.A damage plastic constitutive model for reinforced concrete and its engineering application[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(9):122-128(in Chinese).
[19]张运良,马震岳,程国瑞,等.水轮机蜗壳不同埋设方式的流道结构刚强度分析[J].水利学报,2006,37(10):1206-1211.Zhang Yunliang,Ma Zhenyue,Cheng Guorui,et al.Strength and stiffness analysis of spiral casing with different embedded manners[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(10):1206-1211(in Chinese).
[20]孙海清,伍鹤皋,郝军刚,等.接触滑移对不同埋设方式蜗壳结构应力的影响分析[J].水利学报,2010,41(5):619-623.Sun Haiqing,Wu Hegao,Hao Jungang,et al.Analysis on influences of contact slippage on stress of spiral cases with different embedded manners[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(5):619-623(in Chinese).
[21]王向东.混凝土损伤理论在水工结构仿真分析中的应用[D].南京:河海大学土木工程学院,2004.Wang Xiangdong.Application of Concrete Damage Theory in the Simulation of Hydraulic Structure[D].Nanjing:College of Civil Engineering,Hohai University,2004(in Chinese).
[22]傅金筑.水电站坝后背管结构及外包混凝土裂缝研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.Fu Jinzhu.Studies on Structure of Penstocks on Downstream Dam Surface and Surrounding Concrete Fracture[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2007(in Chinese).
[2]董哲仁,董福品,鲁一晖.钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道混凝土裂缝宽度数学模型[J].水力发电,1996(5):39-42.Dong Zheren,Dong Fupin,Lu Yihui.Mathematics model of concrete crack width on the steel-lined reinforcement concrete penstock[J].Water Power,1996(5):39-42(in Chinese).
[3]龚国芝,张伟,伍鹤皋,等.钢衬钢筋混凝土压力管道外包混凝土的裂缝控制研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(1):51-56.Gong Guozhi,Zhang Wei,Wu Hegao,et al.Study on crack control of concrete wall of steel lined reinforced concrete penstocks[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(1):51-56(in Chinese).
[4]伍鹤皋,张伟,苏凯.坝后背管外包混凝土厚度研究[J].水利学报,2006,37(9):1085-1091.Wu Hegao,Zhang Wei,Su Kai.Study on wall thickness of steel lined reinforced concrete penstock laid on downstream surface of dam[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(9):1085-1091(in Chinese).
[5]董哲仁.下游坝面压力管道的优化设计[J].水利学报,1987(4):62-67.Dong Zheren.The optimized design of penstocks in the downstream of dams[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1987(4):62-67(in Chinese).
[6]张伟,伍鹤皋.考虑混凝土软化和分期施工的坝后背管非线性分析[J].水力发电学报,2008,27(6):73-78.Zhang Wei,Wu Hegao.Nonlinear analysis on penstock laid on downstream surface of dams with considering softening of concrete and stage construction[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2008,27(6):73-78(in Chinese).
[7]石长征,伍鹤皋.水电站坝下游面钢衬钢筋混凝土管道损伤和承载特性[J].天津大学学报:自然科学与工程技术版,2014,47(12):1081-1087.Shi Changzheng,Wu Hegao.Damage and bearing characteristics of steel lined reinforced concrete penstock on downstream face of dam in hydropower station[J].Journal of Tianjin University:Science and Technology,2014,47(12):1081-1087(in Chinese).
[8]苏凯,张伟,伍鹤皋,等.考虑摩擦接触特性的钢衬钢筋混凝土管道承载机理研究[J].水利学报,2016,47(8):1070-1078.Su Kai,Zhang Wei,Wu Hegao,et al.Bearing mechanism of reinforced concrete penstock with steel liner considering friction-contact behavior[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016,47(8):1070-1078(in Chinese).
[9]马善定.混凝土坝下游面压力管道在内水压作用下的应力分析[J].水利学报,1986(7):23-30.Ma Shanding.Stress analysis of reinforced concrete penstocks with steel lining on the downstream surface of concrete dam under internal water pressure[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1986(7):23-30(in Chinese).
[10]汪艳青,伍鹤皋,苏凯.钢衬钢筋混凝土岔管三维非线性数值分析[J].人民珠江,2011,32(1):33-35.Wang Yanqing,Wu Hegao,Su Kai.Three-dimensional nonlinear numerical analysis of steel lined reinforced concrete bifurcated penstock[J].Pearl River,2011,32(1):33-35(in Chinese).
[11]申艳,伍鹤皋,蒋逵超.大型抽水蓄能电站充水保压蜗壳结构分析[J].华中科技大学学报:自然科学版,2008,36(5):97-99.Shen Yan,Wu Hegao,Jiang Kuichao.Research on preloading filling spiral case structure in large pumped storage power station[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2008,36(5):97-99(in Chinese).
[12]聂金育,伍鹤皋,苏凯.抽水蓄能电站蜗壳保压值优化研究[J].水电能源科学,2009,27(1):151-154.Nie Jinyu,Wu Hegao,Su Kai.Study on optimizing precast water head of spiral case at pumped-storage power plant[J].Water Resources and Power,2009,27(1):151-154(in Chinese).
[13]郭涛,张立翔,李世杰.基于非均匀缝隙的充水保压蜗壳三维仿真算法研究[J].水利学报,2015,46(12):1434-1443.Guo Tao,Zhang Lixiang,Li Shijie.Research on threedimensional simulation algorithm of preloaded filling spiral case with non-uniform gap[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,46(12):1434-1443(in Chinese).
[14]许新勇,李敏芝,马震岳,等.基于非均匀间隙的充水保压蜗壳施工仿真分析[J].水力发电学报,2009,28(4):75-80.Xu Xinyong,Li Minzhi,Ma Zhenyue,et al.Simulation and analysis of the constant internal pressure spiral case with non-uniform gap[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2009,28(4):75-80(in Chinese).
[15]SL281—2003水电站压力钢管设计规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.SL281—2003 Design Code for Steel Penstock of Hydroelectric Station[S].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2003(in Chinese).
[16]Simulia.Abaqus Theory Manual[M].version 6.10.Providence,RI:Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp,2010.
[17]姜庆远,叶燕春,刘宗仁.弥散裂缝模型的应用探讨[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(2):81-85.Jiang Qingyuan,Ye Yanchun,Liu Zongren.Investiga-tion on applying the smeared crack model[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(2):81-85(in Chinese).
[18]沈新普,王琛元,周琳.一个钢筋混凝土损伤塑性本构模型及工程应用[J].工程力学,2007,24(9):122-128.Shen Xinpu,Wang Chenyuan,Zhou Lin.A damage plastic constitutive model for reinforced concrete and its engineering application[J].Engineering Mechanics,2007,24(9):122-128(in Chinese).
[19]张运良,马震岳,程国瑞,等.水轮机蜗壳不同埋设方式的流道结构刚强度分析[J].水利学报,2006,37(10):1206-1211.Zhang Yunliang,Ma Zhenyue,Cheng Guorui,et al.Strength and stiffness analysis of spiral casing with different embedded manners[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(10):1206-1211(in Chinese).
[20]孙海清,伍鹤皋,郝军刚,等.接触滑移对不同埋设方式蜗壳结构应力的影响分析[J].水利学报,2010,41(5):619-623.Sun Haiqing,Wu Hegao,Hao Jungang,et al.Analysis on influences of contact slippage on stress of spiral cases with different embedded manners[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010,41(5):619-623(in Chinese).
[21]王向东.混凝土损伤理论在水工结构仿真分析中的应用[D].南京:河海大学土木工程学院,2004.Wang Xiangdong.Application of Concrete Damage Theory in the Simulation of Hydraulic Structure[D].Nanjing:College of Civil Engineering,Hohai University,2004(in Chinese).
[22]傅金筑.水电站坝后背管结构及外包混凝土裂缝研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.Fu Jinzhu.Studies on Structure of Penstocks on Downstream Dam Surface and Surrounding Concrete Fracture[M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2007(in Chinese).