高速铁路轨面粗糙度测量方法与分析
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摘要
分别采用间接法和直接法对高速铁路无砟轨道钢轨表面粗糙度进行了测量和分析.轨面粗糙度的间接测量法采用现场实测的钢轨加速度、钢轨振动纵向衰减率,并结合轮轨动力学计算得到的粗糙度-钢轨垂向加速度传递函数,推导得出轨面粗糙度1/3倍频程谱.轨面粗糙度直接测量法采用钢轨表面粗糙度仪对高速铁路钢轨表面进行直接检测,并对实测数据进行趋势项去除、异常值去除与时间-频率变换后得到轨面粗糙度1/3倍频程谱.将两种方法所测粗糙度频谱与欧洲粗糙度限值谱进行对比,结果表明:两种粗糙度测量方法均可得到较为可靠的结果,所测高速铁路轨面粗糙度在0.05 m以上波长范围小于国外限值,而0.05 m以下波长范围大于国外限值,应予以控制.
The indirect method and direct method are employed to measure and analyze the rail roughness of ballastless tracks in high-speed railway, respectively. The indirect method deduces the one-third octave band spectrum of the rail roughness by using the field tested rail acceleration, longitudinal decay rate of rail vibration, and the transfer function between the rail roughness and rail acceleration obtained by wheel-rail dynamic calculation. The direct method employs the rail roughness measurement instrument to directly measure the rail surface in high-speed railway, and then the one-third octave band spectrum of the rail roughness is acquired after the trend term removal, the outlier removal and the time-frequency transformation of the measured data. The rail roughness spectra obtained by the two methods are compared with European roughness limit spectrum. Results show that reliable results can be obtained by both the indirect and direct methods, the measured rail roughness of the tested high-speed railway is smaller than the European spectrum limit when the wavelength is larger than 0.05 m, whereas it exceeds the European spectrum limit when the wavelength is smaller than 0.05 m, which should be controlled.
The indirect method and direct method are employed to measure and analyze the rail roughness of ballastless tracks in high-speed railway, respectively. The indirect method deduces the one-third octave band spectrum of the rail roughness by using the field tested rail acceleration, longitudinal decay rate of rail vibration, and the transfer function between the rail roughness and rail acceleration obtained by wheel-rail dynamic calculation. The direct method employs the rail roughness measurement instrument to directly measure the rail surface in high-speed railway, and then the one-third octave band spectrum of the rail roughness is acquired after the trend term removal, the outlier removal and the time-frequency transformation of the measured data. The rail roughness spectra obtained by the two methods are compared with European roughness limit spectrum. Results show that reliable results can be obtained by both the indirect and direct methods, the measured rail roughness of the tested high-speed railway is smaller than the European spectrum limit when the wavelength is larger than 0.05 m, whereas it exceeds the European spectrum limit when the wavelength is smaller than 0.05 m, which should be controlled.
引文
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2 Humid A,Rasnysseb K,Baluja M,et al.Analytical descriptions of track geometry variations:VolumeⅠ&Ⅱ.Technical Report.USA:ENSCO Inc.,1983
3 德国联邦铁路慕尼黑研究中心.城间特快列车ICE技术任务书.成都:西南交通大学出版社,1993
4 长沙铁道学院随机振动研究室.关于机车车辆/轨道系统随机激励函数的研究.长沙铁道学院学报,1985,1:1–36
5 铁道部科学研究院.我国干线轨道不平顺功率谱的研究.技术报告.北京:铁道部科学研究院,1999
6 中国铁道科学研究院.既有线轨道不平顺谱的研究.技术报告.北京:中国铁道科学研究院,2007
7 国家铁路局.TN/T3352-2014高速铁路无砟轨道不平顺谱.北京:中国铁道出版社,2014
8 Technical Committee CEN/TC265.Railway applications-track-acceptance of works-Part 3:Acceptance of rail grinding,milling and planning work in track.BS EN13231-3:2006,British Standards Institution,2006
9 European Committee for Standardization.BS EN ISO 3095 Railway applications-acoustics-measurement of noise emitted by railbound vehicles.British Standards Institution,2005
10 Sato Y.Study on high frequency vibration in track operation with high-speed trains.Quart Report,1977,18:22–27
11 王澜.轨道结构随机振动理论及其在轨道结构减振中的应用.博士学位论文.北京:铁道部科学研究院,1988
12 Remington P J.Wheel/rail rolling noise,I:Theoretical analysis.J Acoust Soc Am,1987,81:1805–1823
13 雷晓燕,圣小珍.铁路交通噪声与振动.北京:科学出版社,2004
14 翟婉明.铁路轮轨高频随机振动理论解析.机械工程学报,1997,33:20–25
15 翟婉明.车辆-轨道耦合动力学.第4版.北京:科学出版社,2015
16 康熊,刘秀波,李红艳,等.高速铁路无砟轨道不平顺谱.中国科学:技术科学,2014,44:687–696