高速有砟轨道钢轨动力吸振器垂向吸振特性及其参数影响
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摘要
钢轨动力吸振器是降低钢轨振动及噪声的一个有效措施。建立轨道-吸振器系统的理论模型,用周期性离散支撑的无限长的欧拉梁来模拟钢轨扣件系统,用离散的双层质量块-阻尼-弹簧系统模拟在轨跨中间位置离散分布的钢轨动力吸振器。钢轨动力吸振器吸振特性由其质量参数、刚度参数和阻尼参数决定。利用该理论模型,在固定单位简谐载荷的激励下,研究并验证了钢轨动力吸振器的吸振特性,研究钢轨动力吸振器各参数对其吸振特性的影响。研究结果表明,钢轨动力吸振器可以有效提高其调谐频率位置的钢轨振动衰减率,从而抑制钢轨Pinned-pinned共振峰值,但同时引起调谐频率两侧频率位置钢轨振动响应、振动能量峰值的形成;钢轨动力吸振器质量参数、刚度参数和阻尼参数适当选配并优化组合,可以取得较好的吸振效果。
Rail vibration absorber is an effective measure to mitigate rail vibration and noise.A theoretical model describing track-absorber system is built,in which a high-speed ballasted track is modeled as an infinite Euler-beam on a discrete foundation,and the rail vibration absorber is modeled as a discrete mass-spring-damper system that is amounted on the middle section of the rail between the two neighboring sleepers.The dynamical characteristics of the rail vibration absorber depend mainly on its mass parameters,stiffness parameters and damping parameters.By using this theoretical model,when rail is excited by a fixed harmonic unit force,the vertical damping characteristics of rail vibration absorber are studied and verified,and the influence of parameters on its dynamical behavior is studied.The obtained results show that the decay rate of rail vibration increases effectively around the tuning frequency by adhering the rail vibration absorbers to the rail,thus the rail Pinned-pinned resonance is suppressed,but meanwhile the use of the rail vibration absorbers causes new vibration response peaks and the vibration energy peaks beside the its tuned frequency.Through the optimal selection and grouping of the mass parameters,stiffness parameters and damping parameters of rail vibration absorber,the effectiveness of vibration absorption of it is notably increased.
Rail vibration absorber is an effective measure to mitigate rail vibration and noise.A theoretical model describing track-absorber system is built,in which a high-speed ballasted track is modeled as an infinite Euler-beam on a discrete foundation,and the rail vibration absorber is modeled as a discrete mass-spring-damper system that is amounted on the middle section of the rail between the two neighboring sleepers.The dynamical characteristics of the rail vibration absorber depend mainly on its mass parameters,stiffness parameters and damping parameters.By using this theoretical model,when rail is excited by a fixed harmonic unit force,the vertical damping characteristics of rail vibration absorber are studied and verified,and the influence of parameters on its dynamical behavior is studied.The obtained results show that the decay rate of rail vibration increases effectively around the tuning frequency by adhering the rail vibration absorbers to the rail,thus the rail Pinned-pinned resonance is suppressed,but meanwhile the use of the rail vibration absorbers causes new vibration response peaks and the vibration energy peaks beside the its tuned frequency.Through the optimal selection and grouping of the mass parameters,stiffness parameters and damping parameters of rail vibration absorber,the effectiveness of vibration absorption of it is notably increased.
引文
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[2]REMINGTON P J.Wheel/rail rolling noise II:Validationof the theory[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society ofAmerica,1987,81:1824-1832.
[3]THOMPSON D J.Wheel-rail noise generation,part I:Introduction and interaction model[J].Journal of Soundand Vibration,1993,161:387-400.
[4]THOMPSON D J,HEMSWORTH B,VINCENT N.Experimental validation of the TWINS predictionprogram for rolling noise,part 1:Description of the modeland method[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1996,193:123-135.
[5]THOMPSON D J,FODIMAN P,MAHéH.Experimentalvalidation of the TWINS prediction program for rollingnoise,part 2:Results[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1996,193:137-147.
[6]JONES C J C,THOMPSON D J,DIEHL R J.The use ofdecay rates to analyse the performance of railway track inrolling noise generation[J].Journal of Sound andVibration,2006,293:485-495.
[7]丁文镜.减振理论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988.DING Wenjing.Theory of reduction of vibration[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1988.
[8]THOMPSON D J.Railway noise and vibration:Mechanisms,modelling,and means of control[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier,2009.
[9]THOMPSON D J,JONES C J C,WATERS T P,et al.Atuned damping device for reducing noise from railwaytrack[J].Applied Acoustics,2007,68:43-57.
[10]LTOURNEAUX F,MARGIOCCHI F,POISSON F.Complete assessment of rail absorber performances on anoperated track in France[C]//Proceedings of 7th WorldCongress on Railway Research.Montreal:SNCF,2006.
[11]WU Tianxing.On the railway track dynamics with railvibration absorber for noise reduction[J].Journal ofSound and Vibration,2008,309(3-5):739-755.
[12]NORDBORG A.Vertical rail vibrations:Noise andstructure-borne sound generation[D].Stockholm:KunglTekniska H gskolan,1995.
[13]方锐.轮轨系统振动-声辐射特性研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2008.FANG Rui.Study on vibration and acoustic radiationcharacteristics of wheel/rail system[D].Chengdu:South westJiaotong University,2008.
[14]翟婉明.车辆轨道耦合动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.ZHAI Wanming.Vehicle-track coupling dynamics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.