消能减震及软钢阻尼器的研究与应用综述
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摘要
以单自由度体系为例,从结构的力学和能量角度对比分析了传统结构和装有附加耗能装置结构之间的区别,从而得出消能减震结构的原理;从耗能材料、耗能机理、受力形式等不同的角度对各类阻尼器进行了简单的汇总和分类;总结了国内外几种典型的软钢阻尼器,如X形阻尼器、三角形阻尼器、中空菱形阻尼器、圆形阻尼器等,并对这几种软钢阻尼器的提出、发展、优化、几何构造、减震原理等方面做了简要说明;针对目前利用阻尼器耗能的消能减震结构仍存在的很多亟待解决的问题,提出了阻尼器研究中有待解决的若干问题和今后阻尼器设计时可采取的一些建议。结果表明:消能减震结构比传统结构在同样的地震力作用下增加了阻尼器耗能,使原结构的塑性变形耗能和滞回耗能需求减少,从而减轻了主体结构的损伤程度;软钢阻尼器因其构造简单、力学性能稳定、造价相对低廉、耗能效果显著等优点,研究和应用最为普遍;阻尼器设计中应考虑合理设置阻尼器平面形状,设置多个耗能元件及耗能机制,利用新材料新技术减少焊接连接,建立更准确的本构关系以及更完备的指导规范。
Taking the single degree of freedom system as an example,the difference between the traditional structure and the structure with additional energy consuming devices was analyzed from the perspective of structural mechanics and energy,and the principle of energy dissipation structure was obtained.Various types of dampers were simply summarized and classified from different angles such as energy consuming materials,energy consumption mechanism,and force form.Several typical soft steel dampers at home and abroad were summarized,such as X-shaped dampers,triangular dampers,diamond-shaped opening dampers,circular dampers,etc.The brief descriptions of the proposed,development,optimization,geometric structure and damping principle of these kinds of mild steel dampers were given.Aiming at many problems that need to be solved for the energy dissipation structure using damper energy dissipation,several problems to be solved in the damper research and some suggestions that can be taken in the future damper design were proposed.The results show that the energy dissipation structure is more effectivethan the traditional structure under the same seismic force,such as increasing the energy consumption of the damper,reducing the plastic deformation energy consumption and hysteretic energy consumption of the original structure,thereby reducing the damage of the main structure.The soft steel damper is the most common research and application due to its simple structure,stable mechanical performance,relatively low cost and remarkable energy consumption.The damper design should consider the reasonable plane shape,set up multiple energy consuming components and energy consumption mechanism,use new materials and new technologies to reduce solder joints,establish more accurate constitutive relationships and more complete guidelines.
Taking the single degree of freedom system as an example,the difference between the traditional structure and the structure with additional energy consuming devices was analyzed from the perspective of structural mechanics and energy,and the principle of energy dissipation structure was obtained.Various types of dampers were simply summarized and classified from different angles such as energy consuming materials,energy consumption mechanism,and force form.Several typical soft steel dampers at home and abroad were summarized,such as X-shaped dampers,triangular dampers,diamond-shaped opening dampers,circular dampers,etc.The brief descriptions of the proposed,development,optimization,geometric structure and damping principle of these kinds of mild steel dampers were given.Aiming at many problems that need to be solved for the energy dissipation structure using damper energy dissipation,several problems to be solved in the damper research and some suggestions that can be taken in the future damper design were proposed.The results show that the energy dissipation structure is more effectivethan the traditional structure under the same seismic force,such as increasing the energy consumption of the damper,reducing the plastic deformation energy consumption and hysteretic energy consumption of the original structure,thereby reducing the damage of the main structure.The soft steel damper is the most common research and application due to its simple structure,stable mechanical performance,relatively low cost and remarkable energy consumption.The damper design should consider the reasonable plane shape,set up multiple energy consuming components and energy consumption mechanism,use new materials and new technologies to reduce solder joints,establish more accurate constitutive relationships and more complete guidelines.
引文
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[15]滕军,马伯涛,周正根,等.提高连肢墙抗震性能的连梁耗能构件关键技术[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2007,29(5):1-6.TENG Jun,MA Bo-tao,ZHOU Zheng-gen,et al.Key Technique of Energy Dissipating Damper on Coupling Beam to Improve Eismic-resistance Performance of Coupling Shear Wall Structures[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2007,29(5):1-6.
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[17]滕军,马伯涛,李卫华,等.联肢剪力墙连梁阻尼器地震模拟试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(12):101-107.TENG Jun,MA Bo-tao,LI Wei-hua,et al.Seismic Simulation Test for Coupling Beam Damper of Coupled Shear Wall Structure[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(12):101-107.
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[19]陈之毅,葛汉彬,宇佐美勉,等.剪切板阻尼器的滞回性能参数研究[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(11):13-17.CHEN Zhi-yi,GE Han-bin,USAMI TSUTOMU,et al.Parametric Study on the Hysteretic Behavior of Shear Panel Dampers[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(11):13-17.
[20]MIYAMA T,TANAKA K,MENG L,et al.Study of the Passive Vibration Control Building with Low Yield Point Steel Damper[R].Tokyo:Architectural Institute of Japan,1994:1043-1044.
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[22]HOSSAIN M R,ASHRAF M,ALBERMANI F.Numerical Modelling of Yielding Shear Panel Device for Passive Energy Dissipation[J].Thin-walled Structures,2011,49(8):1032-1044.
[23]黄镇,李芮秋,刘峰,等.改进型防屈曲剪切钢板阻尼器受力性能研究[J].建筑结构学报,2016,37(6):85-92.HUANG Zhen,LI Rui-qiu,LIU Feng,et al.Research on Mechanical Performance of Improved Buckling Restrained Shear Panel Damper[J].Journal of Building Structures,2016,37(6):85-92.
[24]周云,刘季.圆环耗能器的试验研究[J].世界地震工程,1996,12(4):1-7.ZHOU Yun,LIU Ji.Experimental Study on the Behavior of Circular Ring Energy Dissipator[J].World Earthquake Engineering,1996,12(4):1-7.
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[2]KELLY J M,SKINNER R I,HEINE A J.Mechanisms of Energy Absorption in Special Devices for Use in Earthquake-resistant Structures[J].Bulletin of New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering,1972,5(3):63-88.
[3]WHITTAKER A S,BERTERO V V,THOMPSON C L,et al.Seismic Testing of Steel Plate Energy Dissipation Devices[J].Earthquake Spectra,1991,7(4):563-604.
[4]TSAI K C,CHEN H W,HONG C P,et al.Design of Steel Triangular Plate Energy Absorbers for Seismicresistant Construction[J].Earthquake Spectra,1993,9(3):505-528.
[5]欧进萍,吴斌.摩擦型与软钢屈服型耗能器的性能与减振效果的试验[J].地震工程与工程振动,1995,15(3):73-87.OU Jin-ping,WU Bin.Experimental Comparison of the Properties of Friction and Mild Steel Yielding Energy Dissipators and Their Effects on Reducing Vibration of Structure Under Earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1995,15(3):73-87.
[6]吴斌,欧进萍.软钢屈服耗能器的疲劳性能和设计准则[J].世界地震工程,1996(4):8-13,18.WU Bin,OU Jin-ping.Fatigue Properties and Design Criteria of Mild Steel Yielding Energy Dissipators[J].World Earthquake Engineering,1996(4):8-13,18.
[7]吴斌,欧进萍.钢板屈服耗能器的薄膜效应分析[J].世界地震工程,1997,13(3):27-34.WU Bin,OU Jin-ping.Analysis of Membrane Effects in Steel Plate Yielding Energy Dissipators[J].World Earthquake Engineering,1997,13(3):27-34.
[8]李冀龙,欧进萍.X形和三角形钢板阻尼器的阻尼力模型(Ⅰ)——基于双线性本构关系[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(1):10-16.LI Ji-long,OU Jin-ping.Damping Force Hysteresis Loop Models of X Type and Triangle Mild Steel Dampers(Ⅰ)—Based on Double Linear Constitutive Model[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2004,20(1):10-16.
[9]李冀龙,欧进萍.X形和三角形钢板阻尼器的阻尼力模型(Ⅱ)——基于R-O本构关系[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(2):129-133.LI Ji-long,OU Jin-ping.Damping Force Hysteresis Loop Models of X Type and Triangle Mild Steel Dampers(Ⅱ)—Based on Ramberg-Osgood Constitutive Model[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2004,20(2):129-133.
[10]邢书涛,郭迅.一种新型软钢阻尼器力学性能和减震效果的研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(6):179-186.XING Shu-tao,GUO Xun.Study on Mechanical Behavior and Effectiveness of a New Type of Mild Steel Damper[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(6):179-186.
[11]张文元,张敏政,李东伟.新型加劲软钢阻尼器性能与试验[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2008,40(12):1888-1894.ZHANG Wen-yuan,ZHANG Min-zheng,LI Dongwei.An Experimental Research on Performance and Application of a New Type of Mild Steel Damper Added Damping and Stiffness(ADAS)[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2008,40(12):1888-1894.
[12]王桂萱,孙晓艳,赵杰.基于不同本构模型的新型软钢阻尼器的滞回性能研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2015,35(3):296-301.WANG Gui-xuan,SUN Xiao-yan,ZHAO Jie.Hysteretic Performance Study on a New Type of Mild Steel Damper Based on Different Constitutive Models[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2015,35(3):296-301.
[13]李钢,李宏男.新型软钢阻尼器的减震性能研究[J].振动与冲击,2006,25(3):66-72,206-207.LI Gang,LI Hong-nan.Study on Vibration Reduction of Structure with a New Type of Mild Metallic Damper[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2006,25(3):66-72,206-207.
[14]李钢,李宏男.装有“双功能”软钢阻尼器框架结构振动台试验与分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(8):164-168.LI Gang,LI Hong-nan.Shaking Table Experiment of Frame Structure with“Dual-functions”Metallic Damper[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(8):164-168.
[15]滕军,马伯涛,周正根,等.提高连肢墙抗震性能的连梁耗能构件关键技术[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2007,29(5):1-6.TENG Jun,MA Bo-tao,ZHOU Zheng-gen,et al.Key Technique of Energy Dissipating Damper on Coupling Beam to Improve Eismic-resistance Performance of Coupling Shear Wall Structures[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2007,29(5):1-6.
[16]滕军,马伯涛,李卫华,等.联肢剪力墙连梁阻尼器伪静力试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(12):92-100.TENG Jun,MA Bo-tao,LI Wei-hua,et al.Pseudostatic Test for Coupling Beam Damper of Coupled Shear Wall Structure[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(12):92-100.
[17]滕军,马伯涛,李卫华,等.联肢剪力墙连梁阻尼器地震模拟试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2010,31(12):101-107.TENG Jun,MA Bo-tao,LI Wei-hua,et al.Seismic Simulation Test for Coupling Beam Damper of Coupled Shear Wall Structure[J].Journal of Building Structures,2010,31(12):101-107.
[18]滕军,李靖,王立山,等.基于耗能连梁钢板阻尼器的高层结构耗能减振分析及应用[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2014,34(3):302-307.TENG Jun,LI Jing,WANG Li-shan,et al.Energy Dissipation Analysis and Application of High-rise Structures Based on Coupling Beam Damper[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2014,34(3):302-307.
[19]陈之毅,葛汉彬,宇佐美勉,等.剪切板阻尼器的滞回性能参数研究[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(11):13-17.CHEN Zhi-yi,GE Han-bin,USAMI TSUTOMU,et al.Parametric Study on the Hysteretic Behavior of Shear Panel Dampers[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(11):13-17.
[20]MIYAMA T,TANAKA K,MENG L,et al.Study of the Passive Vibration Control Building with Low Yield Point Steel Damper[R].Tokyo:Architectural Institute of Japan,1994:1043-1044.
[21]林坚湘.高性能剪切钢板阻尼器的性能模拟分析与试验研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2011.LIN Jian-xiang.Simulation Analysis and Experimental Study on Hysteretic Behavior of High-performance Shear Panel Damper[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2011.
[22]HOSSAIN M R,ASHRAF M,ALBERMANI F.Numerical Modelling of Yielding Shear Panel Device for Passive Energy Dissipation[J].Thin-walled Structures,2011,49(8):1032-1044.
[23]黄镇,李芮秋,刘峰,等.改进型防屈曲剪切钢板阻尼器受力性能研究[J].建筑结构学报,2016,37(6):85-92.HUANG Zhen,LI Rui-qiu,LIU Feng,et al.Research on Mechanical Performance of Improved Buckling Restrained Shear Panel Damper[J].Journal of Building Structures,2016,37(6):85-92.
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