砂卵石地层中泥膜支护土压盾构施工试验
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摘要
为了给盾构机在砂卵石地层中安全顺利的掘进提供参考,针对砂卵石地层中土压盾构掘进时开挖面稳定性难以控制、泥水盾构渣土排出困难的情况,提出一种使用泥膜支护开挖面,并使用螺旋排土器进行排土的新型盾构施工方法。考虑泥浆掺加量对泥浆砂卵石混合土在地层中的渗透及支护应力传递模式的影响,进行了不同泥浆掺加量下泥浆砂卵石土的渗透试验研究。在自制的渗透试验装置中,对6组不同泥浆掺加量的泥浆砂卵石混合土进行渗透试验,通过测定压力作用下地层及混合土中超静孔隙水压力及滤水量变化,分析泥浆砂卵石混合土的支护应力传递模式,讨论泥膜支护土压盾构的泥浆掺加量范围。结果表明:随着泥浆掺加量的增加,地层中的超静孔隙水压力消散速率在增加;存在3种应力传递模式,分别是孔隙水压力型传递、泥皮加渗透带型泥膜传递以及泥皮型泥膜传递;泥浆掺加量为23%~25%时可以实现泥膜支护。
In allusion to the phenomena that the excavation face was hard to control during the process of the shield excavation of the earth pressure balance(EPB)shield in the sand cobble stratum and muck of slurry shield was difficult to transport,a new type of shield tunneling method was proposed to provide a reference for the safe and smooth excavation of the shield machine in the sand cobble stratum.The filter cake was used to support the excavation surface,while the muck was transported by the screw conveyor.Considering the influence of the mixing amount of slurry on penetration of slurry cobble mixed soil in the stratum as well as the mode of supporting stress transmission,a series of penetration tests of slurry cobble mixed soil with six mixing amounts were carried out by dint of the testing apparatus of penetration.By measuring the change of the excess pore water pressure and water filtration in the stratum and mixed soilunder pressure effect,the mode of supporting the stress transmission of slurry cobble mixed soil was analyzed and the range of mixing amount of slurry in EPB shield tunneling with filter membrane supporting in sand and cobble stratum was discussed.The results indicate that with the increasing amounts of slurry,the dissipation rate of excess pore water pressure in the stratum increases.There are three kinds of stress transmission modes,namely,pore water pressure transmission,transmission of filter membrane with an infiltrated zone and filter membrane transmission.With the mixing amount of slurry from 23% to 25%,the method of filter membrane supporting can be achieved.
In allusion to the phenomena that the excavation face was hard to control during the process of the shield excavation of the earth pressure balance(EPB)shield in the sand cobble stratum and muck of slurry shield was difficult to transport,a new type of shield tunneling method was proposed to provide a reference for the safe and smooth excavation of the shield machine in the sand cobble stratum.The filter cake was used to support the excavation surface,while the muck was transported by the screw conveyor.Considering the influence of the mixing amount of slurry on penetration of slurry cobble mixed soil in the stratum as well as the mode of supporting stress transmission,a series of penetration tests of slurry cobble mixed soil with six mixing amounts were carried out by dint of the testing apparatus of penetration.By measuring the change of the excess pore water pressure and water filtration in the stratum and mixed soilunder pressure effect,the mode of supporting the stress transmission of slurry cobble mixed soil was analyzed and the range of mixing amount of slurry in EPB shield tunneling with filter membrane supporting in sand and cobble stratum was discussed.The results indicate that with the increasing amounts of slurry,the dissipation rate of excess pore water pressure in the stratum increases.There are three kinds of stress transmission modes,namely,pore water pressure transmission,transmission of filter membrane with an infiltrated zone and filter membrane transmission.With the mixing amount of slurry from 23% to 25%,the method of filter membrane supporting can be achieved.
引文
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[15]闵凡路.泥浆在地层中的渗透规律及泥水加压盾构泥浆成膜研究[D].南京:河海大学,2012.MIN Fan-lu.Study on Slurry Infiltration Laws and Filter Cake Formation in Slurry Type Shield[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2012.
[2]何川,晏启祥.加泥式土压平衡盾构机在成都砂卵石地层中应用的几个关键性问题[J].隧道建设,2007,27(6):4-6.HE Chuan,YAN Qi-xiang.Key Issues of Applying Mudding-type EPB Shields to Sandy Cobble Ground in Chengdu,China[J].Tunnel Construction,2007,27(6):4-6.
[3]郭彩霞,孔恒,王梦恕.无水大粒径漂卵砾石地层土压平衡盾构施工渣土改良分析[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(增1):201-205.GUO Cai-xia,KONG Heng,WANG Meng-shu.Study on Muck Improvement of EPB Shield Tunneling in Waterless Sandy-cobble-boulder Stratum[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(S1):201-205.
[4]张莎莎,戴志仁.兰州地铁穿黄段盾构隧道关键技术研究[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(6):20-27.ZHANG Sha-sha,DAI Zhi-ren.Study on Key Techniques Used for the Shield Tunnel of the Lanzhou Metro Crossing Below the Yellow River[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2015,52(6):20-27.
[5]WATANABE T,YAMAZAKI H.Giant Size Slurry Shield Is a Success in Tokyo[J].Tunnels and Tunnelling International,1981,13(1):13-17.
[6]FRITZ P.Additives for Slurry Shields in Highly Permeable Ground[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2007,40(1):81-95.
[7]韩晓瑞.基于泥浆与地层匹配性的泥水盾构泥膜形成规律研究[D].南京:河海大学,2009.HAN Xiao-rui.Study on the Filter-cake Forming Low of Slurry Shield Based on the Matching of Slurry and the Ground[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2009.
[8]韩晓瑞,朱伟,刘泉维,等.泥浆性质对泥水盾构开挖面泥膜形成质量影响[J].岩土力学,2008,29(增):288-292.HAN Xiao-rui,ZHU Wei,LIU Quan-wei,et al.Influence of Slurry Property on Filter Cake Quality on Working Face of Slurry Shield[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(S):288-292.
[9]MIN F L,ZHU W,HAN X R.Filter Cake Formation for Slurry Shield Tunneling in Highly Permeable Sand[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2013,38(3):423-430.
[10]郭涛.盾构用发泡剂性能评价方法研究[D].南京:河海大学,2005.GUO Tao.Study on the Performance Evaluation of Foaming Agents in EPBS[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2005.
[11]魏康林.土压平衡盾构施工中泡沫和膨润土改良土体的微观机理分析[J].现代隧道技术,2007,44(1):73-77.WEI Kang-lin.Micro-mechanism Analysis for the Soil Improvement by Foam and Bentonite in EPB Shield Tunneling[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2007,44(1):73-77.
[12]汪国锋.北京砂卵石地层土压平衡盾构土体改良技术试验研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.WANG Guo-feng.Test Research on Soil Improvement Technology for EPBS in Beijing Sandy Pebble Stratum[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2011.
[13]BUDACH C,THEWES M.Application Ranges of EPB Shields in Coarse Ground Based on Laboratory Research[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2015,50:296-304.
[14]PEILA D,OGGERI C,BORIO L.Using the Slump Test to Assess the Behavior of Conditioned Soil for EPB Tunneling[J].Environmental&Engineering Geoscience,2009,15(3):167-174.
[15]闵凡路.泥浆在地层中的渗透规律及泥水加压盾构泥浆成膜研究[D].南京:河海大学,2012.MIN Fan-lu.Study on Slurry Infiltration Laws and Filter Cake Formation in Slurry Type Shield[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2012.