钛合金阳极氧化的研究进展
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摘要
钛合金具有密度低、比强度高等优点。钛合金的阳极氧化膜具有比钛基体更高的硬度、耐蚀性及耐磨性,而且可呈现各种颜色,是理想的保护层和装饰层,因而受到各行业的广泛关注。综述了钛合金阳极氧化技术的研究现状,介绍了阳极氧化的工艺流程。分别从电解电压、氧化时间、氧化温度、电流密度、电解液种类和电解液浓度等方面分析了影响阳极氧化膜层和颜色的因素。从膜层厚度、基体表面粗糙度和电解液化学成分等方面讨论了钛合金阳极氧化工艺的发展趋势。
Titanium alloy has the advantage of low density, high specific strength. The titanium alloy anode oxide film has higher hardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance than that of the titanium matrix, which can show a variety of colors. It is a ideal protective layer and decorative layer, which has been concerned in different industries. The research status of anodic oxidation technology of titanium alloy was reviewed. Then, the process flow of anodic oxidation was introduced.The factors affecting anodic oxide film and color were analyzed from the aspects of decomposition voltage, oxidation time,oxidation temperature, current density, electrolyte type and electrolyte concentration. The development trend of titanium alloy anodic oxidation process was discussed from the aspects of film thickness, substrate surface roughness and chemical composition of electrolytes.
Titanium alloy has the advantage of low density, high specific strength. The titanium alloy anode oxide film has higher hardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance than that of the titanium matrix, which can show a variety of colors. It is a ideal protective layer and decorative layer, which has been concerned in different industries. The research status of anodic oxidation technology of titanium alloy was reviewed. Then, the process flow of anodic oxidation was introduced.The factors affecting anodic oxide film and color were analyzed from the aspects of decomposition voltage, oxidation time,oxidation temperature, current density, electrolyte type and electrolyte concentration. The development trend of titanium alloy anodic oxidation process was discussed from the aspects of film thickness, substrate surface roughness and chemical composition of electrolytes.
引文
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[37]Iida T.Formation of amorphous Ti O2film on Ti using anodizing in concentrated H3PO4aqueous solution and its osteoconductivity[J].Materials Transactions,2012,53(3):508-512
[38]Karambakhsh A,Afshar A,Malekinejad P.Corrosion resistance and color properties of anodized Ti-6Al-4V[J].Journal of Materials Engineering&Performance,2012,21(1):121-127.
[39]Karambakhsh A,Afshar A,Ghahramani S,et al.Pure commercial titanium color anodizing and corrosion resistance[J].Journal of Materials Engineering&Performance,2011,20(9):1690-1696.
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[41]李琳.TC4钛合金低污染阳极氧化自润滑减摩复合膜制备及其摩擦磨损性能研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2013.
[42]高淑春,李玉海,张路宁,等.TA2纯钛H3PO4溶液阳极氧化着色膜的表征和电化学分析[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2012,41(6):1049-1054.
[43]Pezzato L,Brunelli K,DabalàM.Grey anodizing of a grade5 titanium alloy:study of process parameters[J].Materials Science Forum,2016,844:115-124.
[44]Habazaki H,Onodera T,Fushimi K,et al.Spark anodizing ofβ-Ti alloy for wear-resistant coating[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2007,201(21):8730-8737.
[45]Choudhary R K,Mishra P,Kain V,et al.Scratch behavior of aluminum anodized in oxalic acid:effect of anodizing potential[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2015,283:135-147.
[46]万智来,李玉海,蒋国瑜,等.钛合金阳极氧化着色技术的研究进展[J].材料导报,2010(S2):193-195.
[47]肖胜辉,超敏,刘建华.钛合金新型阳极氧化工艺参数影响规律研究[J].教练机,2011(2):35-39.
[48]杨勇进,张晓云,刘明辉.TB5钛合金脉冲阳极氧化膜电偶腐蚀性能研究[J].航空材料学报,2015,35(5):57-62.
[49]Ren R,Zi-Kai H E.A new process of aluminum hard anodizing[J].Electroplating&Finishing,2003,22:11-13.
[50]钱备.钛电化学抛光及其阳极氧化膜的腐蚀行为研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2011.
[51]Zhao Y,Xiong T Y.Formation of bioactive titania films under specific anodisation conditions[J].Surface Engineering,2012,28(5):40012-40020.
[52]Kumar S,Narayanan T S,Raman S G,et al.Surface modification of CP-Ti to improve the fretting-corrosion resistance:thermal oxidation vs anodizing[J].Materials Science&Engineering C,2010,30(6):921-927.
[2]屠振密,朱永明,李宁,等.钛及钛合金表面处理技术的应用及发展[J].表面技术,2009,38(6):76-78.
[3]王悔改,宋延沛.SP700钛合金的热处理/阳极氧化工艺研究[J].表面技术,2015,44(6):22-26.
[4]樊占国,衣晓红,苏海,等.TC4钛合金表面Ti O2-PTFE复合膜层的制备[J].功能材料,2010,41(01):169-172.
[5]王晓亭.不同氧化方法对钛合金(TC4)表面物相结构与性能的影响[D].青岛:山东大学,2016.
[6]Li W P.Development and application of titanium alloys[J].Light Metals,2002,5:53-55.
[7]Wu S K,Yang M R,You J R.The improvement of high-temperature oxidation ofα2-Ti3Al by anodic coating in the phosphoric acid with sodium silicate[J].Intermetallics,2007,15(2):145-147.
[8]彭根生,成旦红,张爱琴,等.复合氧化工艺对医用钛合金耐蚀性和耐磨性的影响[J].电镀与精饰,2010,32(9):14-17.
[9]李淑华.铸钛合金组合零件的阳极氧化工艺研究[J].表面技术,2012,41(5):108-110.
[10]安俊波,樊铂,宋铎,等.钛及钛合金表面阳极氧化技术在医疗器械产品中的应用[J].中国医疗器械信息,2017,23(7):40-44.
[11]杜志惠,崔振铎,朱胜利,等.钛合金阳极氧化膜在Hank's溶液中的腐蚀行为[J].材料热处理学报,2004,25(6):101-103.
[12]Ou S F,Chou H H,Lin C S,et al.Effects of anodic oxidation and hydrothermal treatment on surface characteristics and biocompatibility of Ti-30Nb-1Fe-1Hf alloy[J].Applied Surface Science,2012,258(17):6190-6198.
[13]Hou X,Liu F,Yao K,et al.Photoelectrical properties of nitrogen doped Ti O2,nanotubes by anodic oxidation of N+,implanted Ti foils[J].Materials Letters,2014,124:101-104.
[14]Ou S F,Fan F Y,Ou K L.Formation of an anti-bacterial oxide film on Ti-Ta alloy by anodic oxidation[J].224th Ecs meeting,2013.
[15]Simka W,Socha R P,Dercz G,et al.Anodic oxidation of Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy in silicate solutions[J].Applied Surface Science,2013,279(8):317-323.
[16]Kim J O,Cho C H,Choi W Y.Fabrication and characterization of Ti O2nanotube arrays on Ti membrane enlarged by anodic oxidation[J].Materials Science-Poland,2016,33(3):588-592.
[17]Kim E S,Jeong Y H,Choe H C,et al.Formation of titanium dioxide nanotubes on Ti-30Nb-x Ta alloys by anodizing[J].Thin Solid Films,2013,549(4):141-146.
[18]Gudla V C,Bordo K,Engberg S,et al.High frequency pulse anodising of magnetron sputtered Al-Zr and Al-Ti coatings[J].Materials&Design,2016,95:340-347.
[19]Wu S,Liu M,Yi J,et al.Effect of different surface treatments on painting adhesion and galvanic corrosion behavior of titanium alloy Ti-6A1-4V[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2013(1):6-11.
[20]杨哲龙,张景双,钱新民,等.钛及其合金阳极氧化与着色工艺研究[J].材料保护,1989(7):11-14.
[21]张果金,刘文来,魏无际,等.钛合金阳极氧化膜的生长规律[J].南京化工大学学报(自然科学版),2000(5):86-89.
[22]刘天国,张海金.钛及钛合金阳极氧化[J].航空精密制造技术,2004(4):17-18.
[23]超敏,肖胜辉,熊辉,等.钛合金阳极氧化工艺过程及其应用态势[J].能源研究与管理,2012(2):52-55.
[24]李麦翠,王新军,卜西成.钛合金黑色阳极氧化工艺研究[C]//中国表面工程协会电镀分会,重庆市科学技术协会.第十二届全国表面工程·电镀与精饰年会暨2014(重庆)国际表面工程论坛论文集.中国表面工程协会电镀分会、重庆市科学技术协会,2014.
[25]杜承天,梁琛,赵丽婷,等.TC4钛合金阳极氧化及其PTFE复合涂膜耐摩擦磨损性能研究[J].材料与冶金学报,2015(1):44-50.
[26]Gastón-García B,García-Lecina E,Díaz-Fuentes M,et al.Sulphuric acid anodising of EN AC-46500 cast aluminium alloy[J].Transactions of the Institute of Metal Finishing,2013,89(6):312-319.
[27]Ramdan R D,Djuansjah J R,P,Suratman R,et al.Effect of cold rolling treatment on the formation of titanium oxide layer on Ti6Al4V alloys by thermal-electrochemical anodizing processes[C]//Materials Science Forum,2013:54-59.
[28]Mosia覥ek M,Nawrat G,Szyk-Warszyńska L,et al.Anodic oxidation of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy[J].Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry,2014,18(11):3073-3080.
[29]Diamanti M V,Pozzi P,Randone F,et al.Robust anodic colouring of titanium:effect of electrolyte and colour durability[J].Materials and Design,2016,90:1085-1091.
[30]Manjaiah M,Laubscher R F.Effect of anodizing on surface integrity of grade 4 titanium for biomedical applications[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2016,310:263-272.
[31]梁立业.TC4钛合金阳极氧化着色工艺研究[D].沈阳:沈阳理工大学,2013.
[32]段宝章.TC18合金表面防腐耐磨涂层制备与性能研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2015.
[33]田迎秋,贾金艳.钛合金阳极氧化的应用[C]//2005年东北地区首届表面处理行业联会论文集.2005:23-26.
[34]刘明辉,翁端,蔡健平,等.钛合金耐磨阳极氧化膜层结构和性能研究[J].材料工程,2009(12):72-74.
[35]邱望标,杨绿,焦宏轶,等.钛及钛合金批量化着色工艺及设备参数研究[J].材料保护,2004(11):20-21.
[36]Zhao P,Zuo Y,Bai Z.Effects of anodizing parameters on corrosion resistance of anodized aluminum[J].Corrsion Science&Technology Protection,2002,14(5):288-291.
[37]Iida T.Formation of amorphous Ti O2film on Ti using anodizing in concentrated H3PO4aqueous solution and its osteoconductivity[J].Materials Transactions,2012,53(3):508-512
[38]Karambakhsh A,Afshar A,Malekinejad P.Corrosion resistance and color properties of anodized Ti-6Al-4V[J].Journal of Materials Engineering&Performance,2012,21(1):121-127.
[39]Karambakhsh A,Afshar A,Ghahramani S,et al.Pure commercial titanium color anodizing and corrosion resistance[J].Journal of Materials Engineering&Performance,2011,20(9):1690-1696.
[40]师秀萍,朱永明,屠振密,等.钛的磷酸阳极氧化工艺[J].电镀与环保,2009,29(02):25-28
[41]李琳.TC4钛合金低污染阳极氧化自润滑减摩复合膜制备及其摩擦磨损性能研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2013.
[42]高淑春,李玉海,张路宁,等.TA2纯钛H3PO4溶液阳极氧化着色膜的表征和电化学分析[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2012,41(6):1049-1054.
[43]Pezzato L,Brunelli K,DabalàM.Grey anodizing of a grade5 titanium alloy:study of process parameters[J].Materials Science Forum,2016,844:115-124.
[44]Habazaki H,Onodera T,Fushimi K,et al.Spark anodizing ofβ-Ti alloy for wear-resistant coating[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2007,201(21):8730-8737.
[45]Choudhary R K,Mishra P,Kain V,et al.Scratch behavior of aluminum anodized in oxalic acid:effect of anodizing potential[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2015,283:135-147.
[46]万智来,李玉海,蒋国瑜,等.钛合金阳极氧化着色技术的研究进展[J].材料导报,2010(S2):193-195.
[47]肖胜辉,超敏,刘建华.钛合金新型阳极氧化工艺参数影响规律研究[J].教练机,2011(2):35-39.
[48]杨勇进,张晓云,刘明辉.TB5钛合金脉冲阳极氧化膜电偶腐蚀性能研究[J].航空材料学报,2015,35(5):57-62.
[49]Ren R,Zi-Kai H E.A new process of aluminum hard anodizing[J].Electroplating&Finishing,2003,22:11-13.
[50]钱备.钛电化学抛光及其阳极氧化膜的腐蚀行为研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2011.
[51]Zhao Y,Xiong T Y.Formation of bioactive titania films under specific anodisation conditions[J].Surface Engineering,2012,28(5):40012-40020.
[52]Kumar S,Narayanan T S,Raman S G,et al.Surface modification of CP-Ti to improve the fretting-corrosion resistance:thermal oxidation vs anodizing[J].Materials Science&Engineering C,2010,30(6):921-927.