浙西北天目山盆地火山岩成因:锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素证据
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摘要
浙西北天目山火山喷发盆地广泛出露白垩纪下火山岩系,为大面积展布的黄尖组。火山岩相类型包括火山碎屑流相、侵出溢流相、喷溢相、爆溢相,少量空落堆积相、喷发沉积相、崩落相和潜火山岩相等。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年显示,从早到晚4个喷发韵律及次火山岩侵入时限均为早白垩世早期,分别为135.2±1.4 Ma、132.1±1.0 Ma、131.0±1.0Ma、131.0±1.0Ma和125.4±1.2Ma,其中早期火山岩喷发时限为135.2～131.0Ma,晚期次火山岩侵入时限为127.0～125.4 Ma。火山产物主体属准铝质–过铝质钾玄岩系列;早期喷发火山岩具有高SiO_2、富碱,低MgO、Sr,富集K、Th、U、Rb,亏损Ba、P、Ti、Sr、Co、Ni及强负Eu异常的特征;晚期次火山岩具有低SiO_2、中碱,高MgO、Sr,富集K、Th、U、Rb,弱亏损Ti、Co、Ni及中等负Eu异常的特征, Ba、P、Sr亏损不明显或不亏损。早期火山岩和晚期次火山岩(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i值分别为0.70310～0.70751和0.70733～0.70847,ε_(Nd)(t)值分别为-6.24～-4.69和-5.07～-4.55,二阶段模式年龄分别为1.31～1.43Ga和1.30～1.33Ga,具有华南I型花岗岩特征,起源于壳幔混合型岩浆源区。区域综合对比表明,浙江及周缘白垩纪下火山岩系喷发时限为142～118 Ma,上火山岩系喷发时限为115～92 Ma。浙西北天目山盆地下火山岩系为华南早白垩世早期伸展拉张环境大规模喷发的产物,但与浙闽邻区火山岩以高钾钙碱性系列为主,少量钾玄岩系列特征有一定差别,可能与华夏地块和扬子陆块基底地壳物质不同和古老地壳物质与幔源岩浆混染程度不同有关。
The Early Cretaceous Huangjian Formation volcanic rocks are extensively exposed in the Tianmushan Basin in Northwest Zhejiang, and can be divided into pyrolastic flow facies, extrusive-effusion facies, effusion facies, explosiveoverflow facies, and minor air-fall facies, eruptive-sedimentary facies, explosive-collapse facies and subvolcanic facies. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating shows that of four eruptive rhythms and later subvolcanic intrusion are 135.2±1.4 Ma, 132.1±1.0 Ma, 131.0±1.0 Ma, 131.0±1.0 Ma and 125.4±1.2 Ma, respectively. They belong to metaluminous to peraluminous shoshonite series. The volcanic rocks contain high SiO_2 and alkali, low MgO and Sr, and are enriched in K, Th, U, Rb, and depleted in Ba, P, Ti, Co, Ni, and LREE, without significant Eu anomalies. The subvolcanic rocks have low SiO_2, medium alkali and high MgO, Sr, and are enriched in K, Th, U, Rb, weakly depleted in Ti, Co, Ni, and LREE, with moderate negative Eu anomalies, slight or no depletions of Ba, P, Sr. These volcanic and subvolcanic rocks show(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i ratios of(0.70310 to 0.70751 and 0.70733 to 0.70847), ε_(Nd)(t) values of-6.24 to-4.69 and-5.07 to-4.55, and tDM(Nd) ages of 1.31 to 1.43 Ga and 1.30 to 1.33 Ga, respectively. It is inferred that these rocks in the Tianmushan Basin have the characteristics of I-type granite in South China, and based on comprehensive comparisons of the Late Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Zhejiang province and adjacent areas, the eruption time of the Lower and Upper Volcanic Series are 142 to 118 Ma and 115 to 92 Ma respectively. The Lower Volcanic Series in the Tianmushan Basin are the products of large-scale eruptions in extensional setting of the Early Cretaceous in South China, which display geochemnical features different from the volcanics consisting of mainly high-K calc-alkaline series and minor shoshonotic series volcanic rocks in adjacent Zhejiang and Fujian province. The differences between the volcanic rocks in the Tianmushan Basin and the adjacent areas might arise from the different basements of the Cathaysia and the Yangtze Blocks and degrees of mixing of mantle magmas as well.
The Early Cretaceous Huangjian Formation volcanic rocks are extensively exposed in the Tianmushan Basin in Northwest Zhejiang, and can be divided into pyrolastic flow facies, extrusive-effusion facies, effusion facies, explosiveoverflow facies, and minor air-fall facies, eruptive-sedimentary facies, explosive-collapse facies and subvolcanic facies. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating shows that of four eruptive rhythms and later subvolcanic intrusion are 135.2±1.4 Ma, 132.1±1.0 Ma, 131.0±1.0 Ma, 131.0±1.0 Ma and 125.4±1.2 Ma, respectively. They belong to metaluminous to peraluminous shoshonite series. The volcanic rocks contain high SiO_2 and alkali, low MgO and Sr, and are enriched in K, Th, U, Rb, and depleted in Ba, P, Ti, Co, Ni, and LREE, without significant Eu anomalies. The subvolcanic rocks have low SiO_2, medium alkali and high MgO, Sr, and are enriched in K, Th, U, Rb, weakly depleted in Ti, Co, Ni, and LREE, with moderate negative Eu anomalies, slight or no depletions of Ba, P, Sr. These volcanic and subvolcanic rocks show(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i ratios of(0.70310 to 0.70751 and 0.70733 to 0.70847), ε_(Nd)(t) values of-6.24 to-4.69 and-5.07 to-4.55, and tDM(Nd) ages of 1.31 to 1.43 Ga and 1.30 to 1.33 Ga, respectively. It is inferred that these rocks in the Tianmushan Basin have the characteristics of I-type granite in South China, and based on comprehensive comparisons of the Late Mesozoic volcanic rocks in Zhejiang province and adjacent areas, the eruption time of the Lower and Upper Volcanic Series are 142 to 118 Ma and 115 to 92 Ma respectively. The Lower Volcanic Series in the Tianmushan Basin are the products of large-scale eruptions in extensional setting of the Early Cretaceous in South China, which display geochemnical features different from the volcanics consisting of mainly high-K calc-alkaline series and minor shoshonotic series volcanic rocks in adjacent Zhejiang and Fujian province. The differences between the volcanic rocks in the Tianmushan Basin and the adjacent areas might arise from the different basements of the Cathaysia and the Yangtze Blocks and degrees of mixing of mantle magmas as well.
引文
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