基于多维政策实体及其关系的科技政策演化路径揭示方法研究
|
摘要
【目的】利用科技政策推进中产生的各类文件中的知识内容来揭示政策的演化关系。【方法】基于政策文本中多维政策实体及实体之间的多种关系,构建从直接语义关系、直接共现关系、间接共现关系、关联路径衰减指数4个维度综合计算科技政策实体关联的多指标模型,结合实体时间属性,揭示科技政策演化路径。【结果】揭示了实验议题相关的科技政策举措多条发展路径,以及特定实体的前序、后继发展路径。通过人工比对,阈值大于0.5时实验集中发现的政策路径有80%真实存在。【局限】此方法的计算结果依靠人工比对和专家判读,目前无法提供更有效的定量验证方法。同时,验证的数据集合较小。【结论】本文探索了基于科技政策文本自动揭示科技政策演化的思路,拓展科技政策分析的深度,丰富科技政策演化研究的角度。
[Objective] The paper tries to describe the evolutionary path of science and technology(S&T) policies using knowledge from documents generated in policy promotion. [Methods] We proposed a multi-index model with direct semantic relationship, direct co-occurrence relationship, in-direct co-occurrence relationship and link path attenuation index. The S&T policy entities and their relationships used in the proposed model were extracted from the policy texts. We described the S&T policy evolution paths along with time properties and then analyzed the structural features of policy entities and their relationship. [Results] We found the evolution paths of these policies at different stages, and 80% of the retrieved paths were existing in the real world. [Limitations] The proposed model relies on human comparison and interpretation. Besides, the sample size needs to be expanded.[Conclusions] This study reveals the evolutionary path of S&T policies based on related records. It expands the scope and depth of S&T policy analysis research.
[Objective] The paper tries to describe the evolutionary path of science and technology(S&T) policies using knowledge from documents generated in policy promotion. [Methods] We proposed a multi-index model with direct semantic relationship, direct co-occurrence relationship, in-direct co-occurrence relationship and link path attenuation index. The S&T policy entities and their relationships used in the proposed model were extracted from the policy texts. We described the S&T policy evolution paths along with time properties and then analyzed the structural features of policy entities and their relationship. [Results] We found the evolution paths of these policies at different stages, and 80% of the retrieved paths were existing in the real world. [Limitations] The proposed model relies on human comparison and interpretation. Besides, the sample size needs to be expanded.[Conclusions] This study reveals the evolutionary path of S&T policies based on related records. It expands the scope and depth of S&T policy analysis research.
引文
[1]Jr Stewart J,Hedge D M,Lester J P.Public Policy:An Evolutionary Approach[M].The 2nd Edition.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004.(Jr Stewart J,Hedge D M,Lester J P.Public Policy:An Evolutionary Approach[M].The 2nd Edition.Beijing:China Renmin University Press,2004.)
[2]STI Policy Formulation:An Overview[OL].[2018-12-05].http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/science-techn ology/sti-policy/.
[3]Chilton P A,Schaffner C.Politics as Text and Talk:Analytic Approaches to Political Discourse[M].John Benjamins Publishing,2002.
[4]Lasswell H D,Leites N C.Language of Politics Studies in Quantitative Semantics[J].American Sociological Review,1950,15(1):145-146.
[5]The U.S.A General Account ability Office.Content Analysis:A Methodology for Structuring and Analysis Written Material[M].Boston:Houghton Mifflin Company,1989.
[6]汪涛,安暄.类定量化科技政策文本分析框架构建及北京市科技政策演进分析[J].技术经济,2011,30(6):15-17.(Wang Tao,An Xuan.Construction of Semi-Quantitative Analysis Framework of Policy Context and Analysis on Evolution of Beijing’s Science and Technology Policy[J].Technology Economics,2011,30(6):15-17.)
[7]李小宇.中国互联网内容监管策略结构与演化研究[J].情报科学,2014,32(6):24-29.(Li Xiaoyu.Study of the Structure and Evolution of China’s Internet Content Regulation Strategy[J].Information Science,2014,32(6):24-29.)
[8]Smits P A,Denis J L.How Research Funding Agencies Support Science Integration into Policy and Practice:An International Overview[J].Implementation Science,2014,9(1):28.
[9]Noyons E C M,Calero-Medina C.Applying Bibliometric Mapping in a High Level Science Policy Context[J].Scientometrics,2009,79(2):261-275.
[10]黄萃.政策文献量化研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.(Huang Cui.A Quantitative Study of Policy Documents[M].Beijing:Science China Press,2016.)
[11]Dowding K.Model or Metaphor?A Critical Review of the Policy Network Approach[J].Political Studies,1995,43(1):136-158.
[12]Rhodes R A W.Policy Network Analysis[A]//Goodin R.Policy Net[M].Oxford University Press,2006:425-447.
[13]Anderson J E.Public Policy-Making[M].Holt,Rinehart and Winst,1975.
[14]樊春良.科技政策学的知识构成和体系[J].科学学研究,2017,35(2):161-169.(Fan Chunliang.The Knowledge Constitution and System of Studies of Science and Technology Policy[J].Studies in Science of Science,2017,35(2):161-169.)
[15]周华东.科技政策研究:嬗变、分化与聚焦[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011,32(11):5-13.(Zhou Huadong.Science and Technology Policy Studies:Evolution,Differentiation,and Convergence[J].Science of Science and Management of S.&.T.,2011,32(11):5-13.)
[16]杨立英.科技论文共现理论研究与应用[D].北京:中国科学院文献情报中心,2007.(Yang Liying.The Theoretical and Applied Study of Occurrence and Co-Occurrence Phenomena[J].Beijing:National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2007.)
[17]迪杰斯特拉算法[OL].[2018-12-05].https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BF%AA%E6%9D%B0%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95/4049057?f r=aladdin.(Dijkstra[OL].[2018-12-05].https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BF%AA%E6%9D%B0%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95/4049057?f r=aladdin.)
[18]Kuenzi J J.Science,Technology,Engineering,and Mathematics(STEM)Education:Background,Federal Policy,and Legislative Action[R].Congressional Research Service Reports,2011.
[19]Gonzalez H B,Kuenzi J J.Science,Technology,Engineering,and Mathematics(STEM)Education:A Primer[R].Congressional Research Service Reports.Library of Congress.Congressional Research Service.2014.
[20]Assefa S G,Rorissa A.A Bibliometric Mapping of the Structure of STEM Education Using Co-Word Analysis[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,2013,64(12):2513-2536.
[21]A 21st Century Science,Technology,and Innovation Strategy for America’s National Security[OL].[2018-12-26].https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/NSTC/national_security_s_and_t_strategy.pdf.
[22]Progress Report on Coordinating Federal Science,Technology,Engineering,and Mathematics(STEM)Education[OL].(2016-03).[2018-12-05].https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED570925.pdf.
[2]STI Policy Formulation:An Overview[OL].[2018-12-05].http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/science-techn ology/sti-policy/.
[3]Chilton P A,Schaffner C.Politics as Text and Talk:Analytic Approaches to Political Discourse[M].John Benjamins Publishing,2002.
[4]Lasswell H D,Leites N C.Language of Politics Studies in Quantitative Semantics[J].American Sociological Review,1950,15(1):145-146.
[5]The U.S.A General Account ability Office.Content Analysis:A Methodology for Structuring and Analysis Written Material[M].Boston:Houghton Mifflin Company,1989.
[6]汪涛,安暄.类定量化科技政策文本分析框架构建及北京市科技政策演进分析[J].技术经济,2011,30(6):15-17.(Wang Tao,An Xuan.Construction of Semi-Quantitative Analysis Framework of Policy Context and Analysis on Evolution of Beijing’s Science and Technology Policy[J].Technology Economics,2011,30(6):15-17.)
[7]李小宇.中国互联网内容监管策略结构与演化研究[J].情报科学,2014,32(6):24-29.(Li Xiaoyu.Study of the Structure and Evolution of China’s Internet Content Regulation Strategy[J].Information Science,2014,32(6):24-29.)
[8]Smits P A,Denis J L.How Research Funding Agencies Support Science Integration into Policy and Practice:An International Overview[J].Implementation Science,2014,9(1):28.
[9]Noyons E C M,Calero-Medina C.Applying Bibliometric Mapping in a High Level Science Policy Context[J].Scientometrics,2009,79(2):261-275.
[10]黄萃.政策文献量化研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.(Huang Cui.A Quantitative Study of Policy Documents[M].Beijing:Science China Press,2016.)
[11]Dowding K.Model or Metaphor?A Critical Review of the Policy Network Approach[J].Political Studies,1995,43(1):136-158.
[12]Rhodes R A W.Policy Network Analysis[A]//Goodin R.Policy Net[M].Oxford University Press,2006:425-447.
[13]Anderson J E.Public Policy-Making[M].Holt,Rinehart and Winst,1975.
[14]樊春良.科技政策学的知识构成和体系[J].科学学研究,2017,35(2):161-169.(Fan Chunliang.The Knowledge Constitution and System of Studies of Science and Technology Policy[J].Studies in Science of Science,2017,35(2):161-169.)
[15]周华东.科技政策研究:嬗变、分化与聚焦[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011,32(11):5-13.(Zhou Huadong.Science and Technology Policy Studies:Evolution,Differentiation,and Convergence[J].Science of Science and Management of S.&.T.,2011,32(11):5-13.)
[16]杨立英.科技论文共现理论研究与应用[D].北京:中国科学院文献情报中心,2007.(Yang Liying.The Theoretical and Applied Study of Occurrence and Co-Occurrence Phenomena[J].Beijing:National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2007.)
[17]迪杰斯特拉算法[OL].[2018-12-05].https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BF%AA%E6%9D%B0%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95/4049057?f r=aladdin.(Dijkstra[OL].[2018-12-05].https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%BF%AA%E6%9D%B0%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95/4049057?f r=aladdin.)
[18]Kuenzi J J.Science,Technology,Engineering,and Mathematics(STEM)Education:Background,Federal Policy,and Legislative Action[R].Congressional Research Service Reports,2011.
[19]Gonzalez H B,Kuenzi J J.Science,Technology,Engineering,and Mathematics(STEM)Education:A Primer[R].Congressional Research Service Reports.Library of Congress.Congressional Research Service.2014.
[20]Assefa S G,Rorissa A.A Bibliometric Mapping of the Structure of STEM Education Using Co-Word Analysis[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,2013,64(12):2513-2536.
[21]A 21st Century Science,Technology,and Innovation Strategy for America’s National Security[OL].[2018-12-26].https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/NSTC/national_security_s_and_t_strategy.pdf.
[22]Progress Report on Coordinating Federal Science,Technology,Engineering,and Mathematics(STEM)Education[OL].(2016-03).[2018-12-05].https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED570925.pdf.