瘤胃源益生菌对小鼠生长和生理特性的影响
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摘要
试验旨在对筛选出的6种瘤胃源益生菌进行小鼠试验,以期为其在畜禽养殖业的进一步开发和利用提供参考依据。选取5周龄雄性昆明小鼠56只,随机分为7组:生理盐水对照组、解淀粉芽孢杆菌Lw-J21组、枯草芽孢杆菌Lw-K16组、乳酸菌Lw-R35组、产蛋白酶菌Lw-D48组、产纤维素酶菌Lw-X21组和酵母菌Lw-JM70组,试验组每天以0.2mL/10g体重剂量连续灌胃42d,对照组灌喂相同剂量的生理盐水,比较并分析灌胃不同益生菌对小鼠体重、肠道菌群数量、脂肪积累量、免疫器官指数和血糖降解能力等的影响。结果显示,与对照组相比,解淀粉芽孢杆菌Lw-J21和产纤维素酶菌Lw-X21组小鼠体重增加明显(P>0.05),同时可显著减少小鼠体内的脂肪积累(P<0.05)。乳酸菌Lw-R35和产纤维素酶菌Lw-X21组小鼠肠道中的乳酸菌和总厌氧菌数量均显著或极显著增多(P<0.05;P<0.01)。各益生菌组小鼠脾脏指数和胸腺指数均有显著或极显著提高(P<0.05;P<0.01),且可不同程度提高小鼠血糖的调节能力。综上所述,用筛选出的6种天然益生菌饲喂小鼠可改善其肠道微生态环境、免疫器官指数和血糖调节能力等。
The experiments of six kinds of probiotics screened from the rumen were conducted to provide references for their further development and utilization in livestock and poultry husbandry.56 male 5-week-old Kunming mice were chosen and randomly divided into 7 groups.The mice in control group was fed with 0.2 mL of normal saline,while that of the other experimental groups were fed with 0.2 mL/(10 g·BW)of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lw-J21,Bacillus subtilis Lw-K16,Lactobacillus Lw-R35,Bifidobacterium Lw-D48,cellulose-producing bacteria LwX21,Candida dattila Lw-JM70(1×10~7 CFU/mL)for 42 d,respectively.The effects of different probiotics on body weight,intestinal flora,fat accumulation,immune indexes and hypoglycemia of mice were compared and analyzed.The results showed that compared with the control group,the body weight of mice in Lw-J21 and Lw-X21 groups were higher(P>0.05),and the fat accumulation in mice were significantly reduced at the same time(P<0.05).The number of Lactobacillus and total anaerobic bacteria in the intestinal tract of mice in Lw-R35 and Lw-X21 groups were significantly or extremely significantly increased(P<0.05;P<0.01).The spleen index and thymus index of mice in probiotics groups significantly or extremely significantly enhanced(P<0.05;P<0.01),meanwhile the hypoglycemia of mice was improved.In conclusion,the screed probiotics had different degrees of influence on intestinal microenvironment,immune indexes and blood glucose regulation ability of mice.
The experiments of six kinds of probiotics screened from the rumen were conducted to provide references for their further development and utilization in livestock and poultry husbandry.56 male 5-week-old Kunming mice were chosen and randomly divided into 7 groups.The mice in control group was fed with 0.2 mL of normal saline,while that of the other experimental groups were fed with 0.2 mL/(10 g·BW)of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Lw-J21,Bacillus subtilis Lw-K16,Lactobacillus Lw-R35,Bifidobacterium Lw-D48,cellulose-producing bacteria LwX21,Candida dattila Lw-JM70(1×10~7 CFU/mL)for 42 d,respectively.The effects of different probiotics on body weight,intestinal flora,fat accumulation,immune indexes and hypoglycemia of mice were compared and analyzed.The results showed that compared with the control group,the body weight of mice in Lw-J21 and Lw-X21 groups were higher(P>0.05),and the fat accumulation in mice were significantly reduced at the same time(P<0.05).The number of Lactobacillus and total anaerobic bacteria in the intestinal tract of mice in Lw-R35 and Lw-X21 groups were significantly or extremely significantly increased(P<0.05;P<0.01).The spleen index and thymus index of mice in probiotics groups significantly or extremely significantly enhanced(P<0.05;P<0.01),meanwhile the hypoglycemia of mice was improved.In conclusion,the screed probiotics had different degrees of influence on intestinal microenvironment,immune indexes and blood glucose regulation ability of mice.
引文
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[7]车媛,刘凯,李秋荣.真菌菌群在肠道疾病中的作用进展[J].肠外与肠内营养,2015,22(6):378-381.CHE Y,LIU K,LI Q R.The development of fungal community in intestinal diseases[J].Parenteral&Enteral Nutrition,2015,22(6):378-381.(in Chinese)
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[10]GUIGAS C,FAULHABER K,DUERBECK D,et al.Prophage-mediated modulation of interaction of Streptococcus thermophilus J34with human intestinal epithelial cells and its competition against human pathogens[J].Beneficial Microbes,2016,7(2):289-297.
[11]NAITO E,YOSHIDA Y,MAKINO K,et al.Beneficial effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity mice[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2011,110(3):650-657.
[12]杜立新,王金耀,王容燕,等.苏云金芽胞杆菌工程菌BIOT185对金龟子幼虫的田间防效及其安全性评价[J].农药学学报,2011,13(4):354-358.DU L X,WANG J Y,WANG R Y,et al.Control efficacy of genetically engineered strain BIOT185against larvae of scarab and its safety evaluation in peanut field[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2011,13(4):354-358.(in Chinese)
[13]李敬盼,单哲,秦玉玲,等.瘤胃源菌粉对雪山鸡生长性能、屠宰性能与激素分泌的影响[J].中国家禽,2015,37(3):30-33.LI J P,SHAN Z,QIN Y L,et al.Effects of bacteria powder seperated from rumen on growth performance,slaughter performance and hormone secretion in Xueshan chicken[J].China Poultry,2015,37(3):30-33.(in Chinese)
[14]龙黎明,毛胜勇,苏勇,等.一株瘤胃源乳酸利用菌的分离鉴定及其体外代谢特性[J].微生物学报,2008,48(12):1571-1577.LONG L M,MAO S Y,SU Y,et al.Isolation and in vitro metabolic characterization of a lactate-utilizing bacterium from goat rumen[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2008,48(12):1571-1577.(in Chinese)
[15]王晓成,刘军花,朱伟云,等.瘤胃源酵母的分离筛选及对不同底物发酵能力影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(5):141-148.WANG X C,LIU J H,ZHU W Y,et al.Isolation and characterization of rumen yeast and an evaluation of its effect on ruminal fermentation with different types of substrate[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(5):141-148.(in Chinese)
[16]崔小蕾,王红英,李阳阳,等.4株羊瘤胃功能性细菌的筛选[J].微生物学杂志,2017,5:60-64.CUI X L,WANG H Y,LI Y Y,et al.Screening of four functional bacteria strains from goat and/or sheep rumen[J].Journal of Microbiology,2017,5:60-64.(in Chinese)
[17]刘丹,王红英,吴星,等.纤维素酶产生菌及其发酵条件优化[J].工业微生物,2015,45(4):19-25.LIU D,WANG H Y,WU X,et al.Screening of cellulase-producing strain and optimization of fermentation conditions[J].Industrial Microbiology,2015,45(4):19-25.(in Chinese)
[18]周梦佳,倪学勤,曾东,等.益生菌对酒精灌胃小鼠血清抗氧化性和肠道菌群的影响[J].食品科学,2013,34(23):309-312.ZHOU M J,NI X Q,ZENG D,et al.Effects of probiotic bacteria on serum antioxidant capacity and intestinal flora of mice gavaged with alcohol[J].Food Science,2013,34(23):309-312.(in Chinese)
[19]欧红萍,罗正中,樊雨,等.短期添加高果糖玉米糖浆对小鼠体重和肝功能指标的影响[J].动物医学进展,2017,38(7):66-69.OU H P,LUO Z Z,FAN Y,et al.Effect of short-term supplementation of high fructose corn syrup on liver function indexes and body weight in mice[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2017,38(7):66-69.(in Chinese)
[20]曾宏,马世英,于翠兰,等.黄酮类物质对小鼠血糖的调节作用[J].中国公共卫生,2006,22(6):736.ZENG H,MA S Y,YU C L,et al.Regulation of flavonoids on blood glucose in mice[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health,2006,22(6):736.(in Chinese)
[21]张爱武,薛军.枯草芽孢杆菌在动物生产中的应用效果[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(4):234-238.ZHANG A W,XUE J.Effect of Bacillus subtilis in animal production[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2011,38(4):234-238.(in Chinese)
[22]秦玉花,倪学勤,黄秀深,等.2株芽胞杆菌饲喂小鼠的安全性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(24):10472.QIN Y H,NI X Q,HUANG X S,et al.Security research on mice by feeding on 2 Bacillus strains[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2008,36(24):10472.(in Chinese)
[23]CESARO C,ISO A,DEL P A,et al.Gut microbiota and probiotics in chronic liver diseases[J].Digestive and Liver Disease,2011,43(6):431-438.
[24]祝娟娟,赵珮伶,周明玉,等.蓝莓联合益生菌减少CXCL10/CXCR3表达对非酒精性脂肪肝的影响[J].广东医学,2016,37(19):2845-2850.ZHU J J,ZHAO P L,ZHOU M Y,et al.The effects of blueberry combination probiotics on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by down-regulation of CXCL10/CXCR3[J].Guangdong Medical Journal,2016,37(19):2845-2850.(in Chinese)
[25]李树鹏,赵献军.黄芪多糖、益生菌合生元对雏鸡生长和免疫的作用[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(6):51-54.LI S P,ZHAO X J.Effects of synbiotics of Astragalus polysaccharide and profitable microbe on growth performance and immune function of chick[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2005,21(6):51-54.(in Chinese)
[26]马明颖,钟权,于永军.微生态制剂对雏鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011,3:67-68.MA M Y,ZHONG Q,YU Y J.Effects of microecological preparations on growth performance and immune function of chicks[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2011,3:67-68.(in Chinese)
[27]董妙珠,叶于薇,杨隽,等.虫草制品对小鼠免疫功能和血糖调节影响的研究[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2001,13(5):8-10.DONG M Z,YE Y W,YANG J,et al.Study of the cordyceps-preparation’s effects on both the mice immune function and glycometabolism[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene,2001,13(5):8-10.(in Chinese)
[2]柳洪洁,牛钟相.乳杆菌与肠黏膜免疫[J].中国家禽,2005,27(1):47-49.LIU H J,NIU Z X.Lactobacillus and intestinal mucosa immunity[J].China Poultry,2005,27(1):47-49.(in Chinese)
[3]张兵,魏荣荣,邢智华.抗菌肽用作饲料添加剂代替抗生素的优势和效果[J].养殖与饲料,2013,11:34-37.ZHANG B,WEI R R,XING Z H.The advantages and effects of antimicrobial peptides used as a feed additive to replace antibiotics[J].Animals Breeding and Feed,2013,11:34-37.(in Chinese)
[4]BALCAZAR J L,DE B I,RUIZZARZUELA I,et al.The role of probiotics in aquaculture[J].Veterinary Microbiology,2006,114(3-4):173-186.
[5]江科,李和刚,戴正浩,等.益生菌在动物养殖业中应用的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(12):90-94.JIANG K,LI H G,DAI Z H,et al.Research progress on the application of probiotics in animal breeding industry[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2013,40(12):90-94.(in Chinese)
[6]WEN K,LI G,BUI T,et al.High dose and low dose Lactobacillus acidophilus exerted differential immune modulating effects on T cell immune responses induced by an oral human rotavirus vaccine in gnotobiotic pigs[J].Vaccine,2012,30(6):1198-2007.
[7]车媛,刘凯,李秋荣.真菌菌群在肠道疾病中的作用进展[J].肠外与肠内营养,2015,22(6):378-381.CHE Y,LIU K,LI Q R.The development of fungal community in intestinal diseases[J].Parenteral&Enteral Nutrition,2015,22(6):378-381.(in Chinese)
[8]张董燕,季海峰,王晶,等.猪源罗伊氏乳酸杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(9):1553-1559.ZHANG D Y,JI H F,WANG J,et al.Effect of dietary Lactobacillus reuteri from swine on growth performance and serum indices of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2011,23(9):1553-1559.(in Chinese)
[9]沈名灿,朱耀武,史文辉,等.益生菌在养殖业中的应用研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2011,1:137-139.SHEN M S,ZHU Y W,SHI W H,et al.Advances in application of probiotics in livestock breeding industry[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2011,1:137-139.(in Chinese)
[10]GUIGAS C,FAULHABER K,DUERBECK D,et al.Prophage-mediated modulation of interaction of Streptococcus thermophilus J34with human intestinal epithelial cells and its competition against human pathogens[J].Beneficial Microbes,2016,7(2):289-297.
[11]NAITO E,YOSHIDA Y,MAKINO K,et al.Beneficial effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity mice[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2011,110(3):650-657.
[12]杜立新,王金耀,王容燕,等.苏云金芽胞杆菌工程菌BIOT185对金龟子幼虫的田间防效及其安全性评价[J].农药学学报,2011,13(4):354-358.DU L X,WANG J Y,WANG R Y,et al.Control efficacy of genetically engineered strain BIOT185against larvae of scarab and its safety evaluation in peanut field[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2011,13(4):354-358.(in Chinese)
[13]李敬盼,单哲,秦玉玲,等.瘤胃源菌粉对雪山鸡生长性能、屠宰性能与激素分泌的影响[J].中国家禽,2015,37(3):30-33.LI J P,SHAN Z,QIN Y L,et al.Effects of bacteria powder seperated from rumen on growth performance,slaughter performance and hormone secretion in Xueshan chicken[J].China Poultry,2015,37(3):30-33.(in Chinese)
[14]龙黎明,毛胜勇,苏勇,等.一株瘤胃源乳酸利用菌的分离鉴定及其体外代谢特性[J].微生物学报,2008,48(12):1571-1577.LONG L M,MAO S Y,SU Y,et al.Isolation and in vitro metabolic characterization of a lactate-utilizing bacterium from goat rumen[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2008,48(12):1571-1577.(in Chinese)
[15]王晓成,刘军花,朱伟云,等.瘤胃源酵母的分离筛选及对不同底物发酵能力影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(5):141-148.WANG X C,LIU J H,ZHU W Y,et al.Isolation and characterization of rumen yeast and an evaluation of its effect on ruminal fermentation with different types of substrate[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(5):141-148.(in Chinese)
[16]崔小蕾,王红英,李阳阳,等.4株羊瘤胃功能性细菌的筛选[J].微生物学杂志,2017,5:60-64.CUI X L,WANG H Y,LI Y Y,et al.Screening of four functional bacteria strains from goat and/or sheep rumen[J].Journal of Microbiology,2017,5:60-64.(in Chinese)
[17]刘丹,王红英,吴星,等.纤维素酶产生菌及其发酵条件优化[J].工业微生物,2015,45(4):19-25.LIU D,WANG H Y,WU X,et al.Screening of cellulase-producing strain and optimization of fermentation conditions[J].Industrial Microbiology,2015,45(4):19-25.(in Chinese)
[18]周梦佳,倪学勤,曾东,等.益生菌对酒精灌胃小鼠血清抗氧化性和肠道菌群的影响[J].食品科学,2013,34(23):309-312.ZHOU M J,NI X Q,ZENG D,et al.Effects of probiotic bacteria on serum antioxidant capacity and intestinal flora of mice gavaged with alcohol[J].Food Science,2013,34(23):309-312.(in Chinese)
[19]欧红萍,罗正中,樊雨,等.短期添加高果糖玉米糖浆对小鼠体重和肝功能指标的影响[J].动物医学进展,2017,38(7):66-69.OU H P,LUO Z Z,FAN Y,et al.Effect of short-term supplementation of high fructose corn syrup on liver function indexes and body weight in mice[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2017,38(7):66-69.(in Chinese)
[20]曾宏,马世英,于翠兰,等.黄酮类物质对小鼠血糖的调节作用[J].中国公共卫生,2006,22(6):736.ZENG H,MA S Y,YU C L,et al.Regulation of flavonoids on blood glucose in mice[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health,2006,22(6):736.(in Chinese)
[21]张爱武,薛军.枯草芽孢杆菌在动物生产中的应用效果[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(4):234-238.ZHANG A W,XUE J.Effect of Bacillus subtilis in animal production[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2011,38(4):234-238.(in Chinese)
[22]秦玉花,倪学勤,黄秀深,等.2株芽胞杆菌饲喂小鼠的安全性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(24):10472.QIN Y H,NI X Q,HUANG X S,et al.Security research on mice by feeding on 2 Bacillus strains[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2008,36(24):10472.(in Chinese)
[23]CESARO C,ISO A,DEL P A,et al.Gut microbiota and probiotics in chronic liver diseases[J].Digestive and Liver Disease,2011,43(6):431-438.
[24]祝娟娟,赵珮伶,周明玉,等.蓝莓联合益生菌减少CXCL10/CXCR3表达对非酒精性脂肪肝的影响[J].广东医学,2016,37(19):2845-2850.ZHU J J,ZHAO P L,ZHOU M Y,et al.The effects of blueberry combination probiotics on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by down-regulation of CXCL10/CXCR3[J].Guangdong Medical Journal,2016,37(19):2845-2850.(in Chinese)
[25]李树鹏,赵献军.黄芪多糖、益生菌合生元对雏鸡生长和免疫的作用[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(6):51-54.LI S P,ZHAO X J.Effects of synbiotics of Astragalus polysaccharide and profitable microbe on growth performance and immune function of chick[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2005,21(6):51-54.(in Chinese)
[26]马明颖,钟权,于永军.微生态制剂对雏鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011,3:67-68.MA M Y,ZHONG Q,YU Y J.Effects of microecological preparations on growth performance and immune function of chicks[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2011,3:67-68.(in Chinese)
[27]董妙珠,叶于薇,杨隽,等.虫草制品对小鼠免疫功能和血糖调节影响的研究[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2001,13(5):8-10.DONG M Z,YE Y W,YANG J,et al.Study of the cordyceps-preparation’s effects on both the mice immune function and glycometabolism[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene,2001,13(5):8-10.(in Chinese)