针对小概率高损事件的配电网弹性评价问题研究
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摘要
在电网的各个环节中,配电网由于其结构复杂、规模庞大、分布广泛,其电力设施往往暴露在自然环境中,极易受到小概率高损事件的影响,造成线路、开关设备、配变电设备等的故障,导致停电事故。配电网弹性是指配电网应对此类事件的响应及恢复能力。文章提出了弹性的广义定义式,并结合配电网参数条件,给出了弹性因素的量化计算方法、弹性资源的优化计算方法,根据弹性因素与弹性资源的计算结果可以对配电网进行弹性评价。最后通过案例分析,证明所提出的弹性概念与相关计算方法可用于配电网弹性评价,其评价结果对于建设高弹性配电网具有辅助决策意义。
The distribution network,which has complex structure,large scale and wide distribution area,is easy to be affected by small-probability-high-loss events because its power facilities are often exposed to the natural environment. Because of which,breakdown happens to the lines,switchgears and transformers leading to black out accident. The resilience of distribution network means the response and recovery ability under the attack of small-probability-high-loss events. In this paper,a generalized definition of resilience is proposed. The quantitative calculation method of resilience factors and the optimized calculation method of resilience resources are given considering parameters of distribution network. According to the calculation results,the resilience evaluation for distribution network can be carried out. Finally,it is proved that the concept and calculation method proposed in this paper can be used to evaluate the resilience of distribution network through the case analysis.
The distribution network,which has complex structure,large scale and wide distribution area,is easy to be affected by small-probability-high-loss events because its power facilities are often exposed to the natural environment. Because of which,breakdown happens to the lines,switchgears and transformers leading to black out accident. The resilience of distribution network means the response and recovery ability under the attack of small-probability-high-loss events. In this paper,a generalized definition of resilience is proposed. The quantitative calculation method of resilience factors and the optimized calculation method of resilience resources are given considering parameters of distribution network. According to the calculation results,the resilience evaluation for distribution network can be carried out. Finally,it is proved that the concept and calculation method proposed in this paper can be used to evaluate the resilience of distribution network through the case analysis.
引文
[1]别朝红,林雁翎,邱爱慈.弹性电网及其恢复力的基本概念与研究展望[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(22):1-9.BIE Zhaohong,LIN Yanling,QIU Aici.Concept and research prospects of power system resilience[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(22):1-9.
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[16]ZENG B,ZHAO L.Solving two-stage robust optimization problems using a column-and-constraint generation method[J].Operations Research Letters,2013,41(5):457-461.
[17]杨丽君,吕雪姣,李丹,等.含分布式电源的配电网多故障抢修与恢复协调优化策略[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(20):13-19.YANG Lijun,LüXuejiao,LI Dan,et al.Coordinated optimization strategy of multi-fault repair and recovery for distribution network with distributed generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(20):13-19.
[18]卢志刚,孙卜,刘照拯,等.基于改进离散多目标BCC算法的配电网灾后抢修策略[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(11):55-59.LU Zhigang,SUN Bu,LIU Zhaozheng,et al.A rush repair strategy for distribution networks based on improved discrete multiobjective BCC algorithm after discretization[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(11):55-59.
[19]谢夏慧.基于DG的配电网黑启动技术研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2013.
[20]黄红程.提高多元可再生能源消纳能力的配电网重构研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2015.
[2]HOLLING S.Resilience and stability of ecological systems[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1973,4(1):1-23.
[3]丁明,石雪梅.新能源接入对主动配电网的影响[J].电力建设,2015,36(1):76-84.DING Ming,SHI Xuemei,et al.Effect of new energy paralleling to the active distribution networks[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(1):76-84.
[4]方泉,陈霄.基于预测负荷不确定性的电价分析[J].电力需求侧管理,2006,8(1):20-22.FANG Quan,CHEN Xiao.Analysis of tariff based on uncertainty of forecasting load[J].Power Demand Side Management,2006,8(1):20-22.
[5]周竞,姚建国,王珂,等.计及价格型负荷响应过程的连续性概率潮流分析方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(17):56-61,107.ZHOU Jing,YAO Jianguo,WANG Ke,et al.Continuous probabilistic load flow analysis considering response process of price-based load[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(17):56-61,107.
[6]陆佳政,蒋正龙,雷红才,等.湖南电网2008年冰灾事故分析[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(11):16-19.LU Jiazheng,JIANG Zhenglong,LEI Hongcai,et al.Analysis of Hunan power grid ice disaster accident in 2008[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2008,32(11):16-19.
[7]MIMURA N,YASUHARA K,KAWAGOE S,et al.Damage from the great east japan earthquake and tsunamia quick report[J].Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change,2011,16(7):803-818.
[8]SMITH R U S.Risks national blackout from small-scale attack[N].Wall Street Journal,2014-03-12(1-2).
[9]付以贤,郑连勇,唐晓森.输电线路竣工验收的弧垂测量[C]//第三届(2012)全国架空输电线路技术研讨会,2012,张家界:18.
[10]于永清,李光范,李鹏,等.四川电网汶川地震电力设施受灾调研分析[J].电网技术,2008,32(11):5-10.YU Yongqing,LI Guangfan,LI Peng,et al.Investigation and analysis of electric equipment damage in sichuan power grid caused by Wenchuan earthquake[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(11):5-10.
[11]戴志辉,王增平.继电保护可靠性研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(15):161-167.DAI Zhihui,WANG Zengping.Overview of research on protection reliability[J].Power System and Control,2010,38(15):161-167.
[12]王章启,顾霓鸿.配电自动化开关设备[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1995:4.
[13]范李平,张艳桃,阳昕.自适应单相自动重合闸技术研究现状综述[J].电气开关,2009,47(4):8-11.FAN Liping,ZHANG Yantao,YANG Xin.A survey on present achievements of single-pole adaptive recloser technology[J].Electric Switchgear,2009,47(4):8-11.
[14]朱雪飞,周长城,杨建华,等.基于N-1准则的中压配电线转供能力实用测算分析[J].电力建设,2015,36(8):95-101.ZHU Xuefei,ZHOU Changcheng,YANG Jianhua,et al.Practical calculation and analysis of load transfer ability of medium voltage distribution lines based on N-1 security criterion[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(8):95-101.
[15]CAO W Y,WU J Z,JENKINS N.Feeder load balancing in MV distribution networks using soft normally-open points[C]//IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies,12-15 Oct.2014,Istanbul,Turkey,2014:1-6.
[16]ZENG B,ZHAO L.Solving two-stage robust optimization problems using a column-and-constraint generation method[J].Operations Research Letters,2013,41(5):457-461.
[17]杨丽君,吕雪姣,李丹,等.含分布式电源的配电网多故障抢修与恢复协调优化策略[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(20):13-19.YANG Lijun,LüXuejiao,LI Dan,et al.Coordinated optimization strategy of multi-fault repair and recovery for distribution network with distributed generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(20):13-19.
[18]卢志刚,孙卜,刘照拯,等.基于改进离散多目标BCC算法的配电网灾后抢修策略[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(11):55-59.LU Zhigang,SUN Bu,LIU Zhaozheng,et al.A rush repair strategy for distribution networks based on improved discrete multiobjective BCC algorithm after discretization[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(11):55-59.
[19]谢夏慧.基于DG的配电网黑启动技术研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2013.
[20]黄红程.提高多元可再生能源消纳能力的配电网重构研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2015.