钻井液脉冲信号自动去噪与识别算法
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摘要
钻井液脉冲信号是非稳定信号,用小波强制去噪算法完成信号去噪,包括基线漂移修正、帧同步与指令信号的2级去噪处理。通过区分不同特征的信号脉冲,2级去噪处理能够减少基线漂移的影响,同时便于确定信号识别的自动峰值检测阈值量程。在信号识别算法中定义了上、下沿相对突出度阈值用于峰值检测,该算法参数能充分利用信号峰的变化程度,同时满足灵活的上、下沿阈值组合处理。使用帧同步脉冲确定第1个指令脉冲的位置,依次将指令脉冲作为位同步脉冲对后续指令脉冲解码,该同步解码方法可以减少帧同步脉冲位置不确定性带来的影响,并消除时基漂移的误差累积。编制了专用工具软件完成算法的参数整定,对于通用编码信号解码成功率约为95%;对于增加了校验字节的编码信号,使用自动阈值调节算法后的解码成功率高达99%。
Wavelet forced de-noising algorithm is suitable for denoising of unsteady drilling fluid pulse signal, including baseline drift rectification and two-stage de-noising processing of frame synchronization signal and instruction signal. Two-stage de-noising processing can reduce the impact of baseline drift and determine automatic peak detection threshold range for signal recognition by distinguishing different features of frame synchronization pulse and instruction pulse. Rising and falling edge relative protruding threshold is defined for peak detection in signal recognition, which can make full use of the degree of the signal peak change and detect peaks flexibly with rising and falling edge relative protruding threshold combination. A synchronous decoding method was designed to reduce position uncertainty of the frame synchronization pulse and eliminate the accumulative error of time base drift, which determines the first instruction pulse position according to position of the frame synchronization pulse and decodes subsequent instruction pulse by taking current instruction pulse as new bit synchronization pulse. Special tool software was developed to tune algorithm parameters, which has a decoding success rate of about 95% for the universal coded signals. For the special coded signals with check byte, decoding success rate using the automatic threshold adjustment algorithm is as high as 99%.
Wavelet forced de-noising algorithm is suitable for denoising of unsteady drilling fluid pulse signal, including baseline drift rectification and two-stage de-noising processing of frame synchronization signal and instruction signal. Two-stage de-noising processing can reduce the impact of baseline drift and determine automatic peak detection threshold range for signal recognition by distinguishing different features of frame synchronization pulse and instruction pulse. Rising and falling edge relative protruding threshold is defined for peak detection in signal recognition, which can make full use of the degree of the signal peak change and detect peaks flexibly with rising and falling edge relative protruding threshold combination. A synchronous decoding method was designed to reduce position uncertainty of the frame synchronization pulse and eliminate the accumulative error of time base drift, which determines the first instruction pulse position according to position of the frame synchronization pulse and decodes subsequent instruction pulse by taking current instruction pulse as new bit synchronization pulse. Special tool software was developed to tune algorithm parameters, which has a decoding success rate of about 95% for the universal coded signals. For the special coded signals with check byte, decoding success rate using the automatic threshold adjustment algorithm is as high as 99%.
引文
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[3]夏文鹤,孟英峰,唐波,等.变内径钻柱中微波传输衰减规律[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(3):500-506.XIA Wenhe,MENG Yingfeng,TANG Bo,et al.Attenuation of microwave transmission in a diameter-variable drill string bore[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(3):500-506.
[4]NOV Wellbore Technologies.BlackStar II dual-telemetry MWD tool specification[EB/OL].2016[2018-10-18].http://www.nov.com/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=25547.
[5]KLOTZ C,BOND P,WASSREMAIN I.A new mud pulse telemetry system for enhanced MWD/LWD applications[R].SPE 112683,2008.
[6]ERIC S,SHEARER.Pulse signaling for down hole telemetry:US2010/0188253A1[P].2010-07-29.
[7]MWACHAKA S M,WU A,FU Q.A review of mud pulse telemetry signal impairments modeling and suppression methods[J].Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology,2018:1-14.
[8]SHEN Y,ZHANG L T,ZHANG H,et al.Eliminating noise of mud pressure phase shift keying signals with a self-adaptive filter[J].Telkomnika Indonesian Journal of Electrical,2013,11(6):3028-3035.
[9]ZHAO J H,WANG L Y,LI F,et al.An effective approach for the noise removal of mud pulse telemetry system[R].Xi’an:8th International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments,2007.
[10]ZHAO Q G,ZHANG B J,HU H S.Novel two-step filtering scheme for a logging-while-drilling system[J].Computer Physics Communications,2009,180(9):1566-1571.
[11]BRACKEL H.Pump noise reduction and cancellation:US 9,249,793B2[P].2016-02-02.
[12]PETROVIC J,PETROVIC V,MATTHEW R,et al.System and method for down hole telemetry:U.S.Patent 8,154,420[P].2012-04-10.
[13]LI C W,MU D J,LI A Z,et al.Drilling mud signal processing based on wavelet[R].Beijing:International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition,2007.
[14]CHEN W Y,FANG B,WANG Y.MWD drilling mud signal de-noising and signal extraction research based on the pulse-code information[R].Qingdao:International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition,2010.
[15]MOHAMMED A,NAMUQ,MATTHIAS R,et al.Continuous wavelet transformation:A novel approach for better detection of mud pulses[J].Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2013,110(1):232-242.
[16]熊智新,胡慕伊,陈朝霞,等.离散小波变换算法剖析及其通用程序实现[J].计算机工程与设计,2007,28(20):4856-4859.XIONG Zhixin,HU Muyi,CHEN Zhaoxia,et al.Analysis of discrete wavelet transform algorithm and its general implementation for programming[J].Computer Engineering and Design,2007,28(20):4856-4859.
[17]廖琪梅,李安宗,屈景辉,等.随钻测井钻井液脉冲信号基线漂移的矫正[J].测井技术,2008,30(4):41-43.LIAO Qimei,LI Anzong,QU Jinghui,et al.Mud signal baseline drift rectification in measurement while drilling[J].Well Logging Technology,2008,30(4):41-43.
[18]张恒,李安宗,李传伟,等.钻井液波信号处理方法比较[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,29(2):84-85.ZHANG Heng,LI Anzong,LI Chuanwei,et al.Comparative study on mud-pulse signal processing methods[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2007,29(2):84-85.