强研磨性硬岩PDC钻头磨损机理及磨损分布规律研究
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摘要
钻进强研磨性硬岩时,PDC钻头磨损情况复杂,磨损机理及磨损规律缺乏理论研究。针对该问题,采用实验观测和数理统计相结合的方法进行了研究,并提出钻头优化建议。研究结果表明:火成岩中PDC齿的磨损形式主要为磨料磨损和冲击损坏,磨料磨损包括磨料研磨磨损、磨料冲击磨损和磨料射流磨损,冲击损坏包括切削齿断裂、PCD层碎裂和PCD层与WC层分离;钻头冠顶和外锥处绝大部分PDC齿磨损高度大且冲击损坏严重,并未充分进行剪切破岩;保径处一些PDC齿发生断裂及PCD和WC层分离;设计适用于火成岩的PDC钻头时,应重点从提高切削齿性能、冠顶及外锥增布辅助齿、提升钻头稳定性、加强保径等角度进行优化。研究成果对PDC钻头结构优化及性能提升具有指导意义。
To penetrate highly-abrasive hard rocks,PDC bits may experience complicated abrasion. On the other hand,there are insufficient theoretical researches with regard to mechanism and patterns of such abrasion. Under such circumstances,lab tests and mathematical statistics were conduct jointly to produce proposals for optimization of drilling bits. Research results show during penetration of igneous rocks,teeth of PDC bit may experience abrasion of grinding compounds and impact damages. To be more specific,abrasion of grinding compounds include grind abrasion,impact abrasion and jet abrasion,whereas impact damages include breaking of cutting teeth,PCD coating failure and separation of PCD coating from WC coating. Majority of PDC teeth on crown and external cone sections may experience severe abrasion and significant impact damages. Consequently,these teeth may fail to achieve expected shearing and crushing performances. In addition,some PDC teeth may break,and PCD coating may be separated from WC coating around the gauge protection. To design PDC bits suitable for penetration of igneous rocks,cares shall be taken to promote performances of cutting teeth. To enhance stability of the bit,auxiliary teeth can be deployed on crown and external cone sections. In addition,cares shall be taken to optimize gauge protection and some other angles. Findings of the concerned research may provide necessary guidance for structural optimization and performance enhancement of PDC bits.
To penetrate highly-abrasive hard rocks,PDC bits may experience complicated abrasion. On the other hand,there are insufficient theoretical researches with regard to mechanism and patterns of such abrasion. Under such circumstances,lab tests and mathematical statistics were conduct jointly to produce proposals for optimization of drilling bits. Research results show during penetration of igneous rocks,teeth of PDC bit may experience abrasion of grinding compounds and impact damages. To be more specific,abrasion of grinding compounds include grind abrasion,impact abrasion and jet abrasion,whereas impact damages include breaking of cutting teeth,PCD coating failure and separation of PCD coating from WC coating. Majority of PDC teeth on crown and external cone sections may experience severe abrasion and significant impact damages. Consequently,these teeth may fail to achieve expected shearing and crushing performances. In addition,some PDC teeth may break,and PCD coating may be separated from WC coating around the gauge protection. To design PDC bits suitable for penetration of igneous rocks,cares shall be taken to promote performances of cutting teeth. To enhance stability of the bit,auxiliary teeth can be deployed on crown and external cone sections. In addition,cares shall be taken to optimize gauge protection and some other angles. Findings of the concerned research may provide necessary guidance for structural optimization and performance enhancement of PDC bits.
引文
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[12]SURJAATMADJA J B,BAILEY A J,SIERRA S A.Hydrajet testing under deep-well conditions points to new requirements for hard-rock perforating[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2010,25(3):372-379.
[13]SINOR L A,BRETT J F,WARREN T M,et al.Field testing of low-friction gauge PDC bits[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,1993,8(1):21-27.
[14]BEATON T,CYRE J,ISNOR S.New technologies eliminate drill bit wear in oil sands applications[C].SPE167133,2013:1-8.
[15]BRETT J F,WARREN T M,BEHR S M.Bit whirl:a new theory of PDC bit failure[C].SPE19571-PA,1989:1-7.
[16]ZIJSLING D H.Analysis of temperature distribution and performance of polycrystalline diamond compact bits under field drilling conditions[C].SPE13260-MS,1984:1-16.
[17]GLOWKA D A,STONE C M.Effects of thermal and mechanical loading on PDC bit life[J].SPE Drilling Engineering,1986,1(3):201-214.
[2]MILLER C L,JEZANY M,BILHARETH M.New PDC technology solves hard/abrasive formation challenge drilling vertical/directional/horizontal applications[C].SPE107009-MS,2007:1-12.
[3]LU Y,TANG J,GE Z,et al.Hard rock drilling technique with abrasive water jet assistance[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2013,60(2):47-56.
[4]PEYTCHEV P,MALIK S,VARGHESE R.Solving hard/abrasive sedimentary and igneous formation challenge:New PDC bit design reduces 6-in section drilling time by47%[C].SPE165817-MS,2013:1-12.
[5]DURRAND C J,SKEEM M R,CROCKETT R B.Superhard,thick,shaped PDC cutters for hard rock drilling:development and test results[C].ARMA-10-524,2010:1
[6]CRANE D,ZHANG Y,DOUGLAS C.Innovative PDC cutter with elongated ridge combines shear and crush action to improve pdc bit performance[C].SPE183984-MS,2005:1-17.
[7]CHEN S,ARFELE R,ANDERLE S.A new theory on cutter layout for improving PDC bit performance in hard and transit formation drilling[C].SPE168224-PA,2013:1-12.
[8]邹德永,王瑞和.刀翼式PDC钻头的侧向力平衡设计[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(2):42-44.
[9]JAIN J R,RICKS G,BAXTER B.A step change in drillbit technology with self-adjusting polycrystalline-diamond-compact bits[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2016,31(4):286-294.
[10]DESMETTE S D J,DESCHAMPS B,BIRCH R M,et al.Drilling hard and abrasive rock efficiently or generating quality cuttings?you no longer have to choose[C].SPE116554,2008:1-19.
[11]VAN H H,STORM R,KRAAN A,et al.Conical diamond element bit sets new performance benchmarks drilling hard and abrasive formations,Offshore Netherlands[C].SPE175859-MS,2015:1-9.
[12]SURJAATMADJA J B,BAILEY A J,SIERRA S A.Hydrajet testing under deep-well conditions points to new requirements for hard-rock perforating[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2010,25(3):372-379.
[13]SINOR L A,BRETT J F,WARREN T M,et al.Field testing of low-friction gauge PDC bits[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,1993,8(1):21-27.
[14]BEATON T,CYRE J,ISNOR S.New technologies eliminate drill bit wear in oil sands applications[C].SPE167133,2013:1-8.
[15]BRETT J F,WARREN T M,BEHR S M.Bit whirl:a new theory of PDC bit failure[C].SPE19571-PA,1989:1-7.
[16]ZIJSLING D H.Analysis of temperature distribution and performance of polycrystalline diamond compact bits under field drilling conditions[C].SPE13260-MS,1984:1-16.
[17]GLOWKA D A,STONE C M.Effects of thermal and mechanical loading on PDC bit life[J].SPE Drilling Engineering,1986,1(3):201-214.