急倾斜煤岩体工程结构特征综合调查
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摘要
急倾斜煤层赋存环境复杂,揭示急倾斜煤岩体工程结构特征是建立急倾斜煤层动力学畸变动态防控体系的基础。本文采用钻孔电视、地质雷达、光学钻孔摄像、DR扫描等综合手段进行了调查研究。研究表明:乌鲁木齐矿区地质构造活动频繁,采空区顶板宏观结构致密;急倾斜煤岩体为破坏后再稳定结构,存在松散未压实空洞,但未影响顶板的稳定性;急倾斜煤岩体大体划分为破碎区、塑性区及弹性区3个区域;煤体各向差异性显著,存在大量原生裂纹并夹含硫化物。岩体原生裂隙数量少,岩体试样的各向异性小且多掺杂泥岩或泥质砂岩等胶结物质,为导致采空区出现大面积悬顶及整体性垮落的主因。
In-situ geological settings of mining steeply inclined coal seams is so complex that structural characteristics of coal-rock mass is basis for dynamic control of the coal-rock deterioration.A hybrid investigation including borehole television,geological radar,digital borehole camera and DR scanning.relevant results indicate that the geological structure activity is frequent.With the borehole TV and geological radar monitoring,macro-structure of roof in mined-out area is compact and the macro-structure is quadratic stability after failure.There are abundant uncompacted hollows,which seldom affect the stability of coal-rock masses.According to the data from digital borehole camera,the coal-rock masses can be divided into triple zones including broken zone,plastic zone and elastic zone.In mesco-structure aspect being revealed by DR scanning,anisotropy of coal mass is obvious and there are a lot of original cracks and sulfur compound in the coal mass.On the contrary,the number of original cracks is bare and cementing materials like both mudstone and argillaceous sandstone reduce strength of the structure seriously,which is main causes to induce a large-scale hanging in the roof and caving.
In-situ geological settings of mining steeply inclined coal seams is so complex that structural characteristics of coal-rock mass is basis for dynamic control of the coal-rock deterioration.A hybrid investigation including borehole television,geological radar,digital borehole camera and DR scanning.relevant results indicate that the geological structure activity is frequent.With the borehole TV and geological radar monitoring,macro-structure of roof in mined-out area is compact and the macro-structure is quadratic stability after failure.There are abundant uncompacted hollows,which seldom affect the stability of coal-rock masses.According to the data from digital borehole camera,the coal-rock masses can be divided into triple zones including broken zone,plastic zone and elastic zone.In mesco-structure aspect being revealed by DR scanning,anisotropy of coal mass is obvious and there are a lot of original cracks and sulfur compound in the coal mass.On the contrary,the number of original cracks is bare and cementing materials like both mudstone and argillaceous sandstone reduce strength of the structure seriously,which is main causes to induce a large-scale hanging in the roof and caving.
引文
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[3]王宁波,来兴平,漆涛,等.急倾斜特厚煤层安全开采关键技术研究[R].西安:西安科技大学,2012.
[4]崔峰.复杂环境下煤岩体耦合致裂基础与应用研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2014.
[5]单鹏飞.急倾斜煤岩体强度劣化与动力灾害防治基础研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2015.
[6]赵阳升,杨栋,冯增朝,等.多孔介质多场耦合作用理论及其在资源与能源工程中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1321-1327.ZHAO Yangsheng,YANG Dong,FENG Zengchao,et al.Multi-field coupling theory of porous media and its applications to resources and energy engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(7):1321-1327.
[7]刘敦文,古德生,徐国元,等.采空区充填物探地雷达识别技术研究及应用[J].北京科技大学学报,2005,27(1):13-16.LIU Dunwen,GU Desheng,XU Guoyuan,et al.Exploration study of gob filling by ground penetrating radar and its application[J].Journal of Univerisity of Science and Technology,Beijing,2005,27(1):13-16.
[8]程久龙,胡客峰,王玉和,等.探地雷达探测地下采空区的研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(S1):79-82.CHENG Jiulong,HU Kefeng,WANG Yuhe,et al.Research on detecting of underground mined-out areas by using GPR[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(S1):79-82.
[9]杨天鸿,唐春安,刘红元,等.水压致裂过程分析的数值试验方法[J].力学与实践,2001,23(5):51-54.YANG Tianhong,TANG Chunan,LIU Hongyuan,et al.Numerical tests of progressive failure in hydraulic fracturing[J].Mechanics and Practice,2001,23(5):51-54.
[10] TANG C A,THAM L G,LEE P K K,et al.Coupled analysis of flow,stress and damage(FSD)in rock failure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,2002,39(4):477-489.
[11]康天合.煤层注水渗透特性及其分类研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(3):260-268.KANG Tianhe.The study of permeability and classification on infusion in coal seam[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1995,14(3):260-268.
[12]王卫军,朱川曲.急倾斜煤层顶煤可放性识别的神经网络模型[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(1):36-39.WANG Weijun,ZHU Chuanqu.An artificial neural network for distinguishing the difficulty degree of roof coal caving of steep seam[J].Journal of Coal Society,2000,25(1):36-39.
[13]来兴平,杨毅然,陈建强,等.急斜特厚煤层群采动应力畸变致诱动力灾害控制[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(7):1610-1616.LAI Xingping,YANG Yiran,CHEN Jianqiang,et al.Control of distorted mining-induced stress disaster in combined steeply inclined super thick coal seams group[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(7):1610-1616.