水力喷射钻孔器径向破岩特性分析
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摘要
水力喷射径向钻孔可在岩层中打开一条油气通道,增加泄油面积,有效地提高油井产量。为了解水力喷射钻孔器径向破岩特性,基于数值模拟方法,建立了地层-喷射孔数值计算模型,开展了水力喷射钻孔器径向喷射方位、地应力对钻孔器喷射破岩影响规律的研究,从而对钻孔器水平钻井能力及延伸极限进行评估。研究结果表明:随钻孔器喷射方位角的增加,岩石破裂位置相对复杂多样,建议钻孔器喷射方位角设计在0°～30°区间;地应力对喷射破岩有较大影响,建议地应力差异较大条件下,选择较小的喷射方位角,岩石易于破碎;随着入口排量的增加,钻孔器钻进延伸极限先增大后减小;后向孔眼个数越多,钻孔器喷射钻进延伸长度越大。研究成果可为水力喷射径向水平井眼设计以及技术施工设计提供理论依据。
Hydraulic jet radial drilling can open an oil and gas channel in the formation to increase the drainage area and effectively increase the oil well production. Based on the numerical simulation method,the numerical calculation model of formation-jet hole is established to study the influence of the radial jet orientation and in-situ stress on the rock breaking of hydraulic jet drilling device. Thus,the horizontal drilling capability and extension limit of the hydraulic jet drilling device was evaluated. The results show that with the increase of the azimuth angle of the hydraulic jet drilling device,the rock breaking position is relatively complex and diverse. It is recommended that the jetting azimuth is designed in the range of 0° to 30°. The in-situ stress has a great influence on the hydraulic jet rock breaking. Under the condition of large difference of in-situ stress,the smaller azimuth is preferred for rock breaking. As the inlet displacement increases,the drilling extension limit increases first and then decreases.The larger the number of backward holes,the larger the extension length of the drill jet is. The study can provide theoretical basis for the design and construction of hydraulic jetting radial horizontal wellbore.
Hydraulic jet radial drilling can open an oil and gas channel in the formation to increase the drainage area and effectively increase the oil well production. Based on the numerical simulation method,the numerical calculation model of formation-jet hole is established to study the influence of the radial jet orientation and in-situ stress on the rock breaking of hydraulic jet drilling device. Thus,the horizontal drilling capability and extension limit of the hydraulic jet drilling device was evaluated. The results show that with the increase of the azimuth angle of the hydraulic jet drilling device,the rock breaking position is relatively complex and diverse. It is recommended that the jetting azimuth is designed in the range of 0° to 30°. The in-situ stress has a great influence on the hydraulic jet rock breaking. Under the condition of large difference of in-situ stress,the smaller azimuth is preferred for rock breaking. As the inlet displacement increases,the drilling extension limit increases first and then decreases.The larger the number of backward holes,the larger the extension length of the drill jet is. The study can provide theoretical basis for the design and construction of hydraulic jetting radial horizontal wellbore.
引文
[1]蔡文军,吴仲华,聂云飞,等.水射流径向钻孔关键技术及试验研究[J].钻采工艺,2016,39(4):1-4.CAI W J,WU Z H,NIE Y F,et al. Key technology and experimental study on water jet radial drilling[J]. Drilling&Production Technology,2016,39(4):1-4.
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[5]胡胜勇.水力喷射钻孔定向压裂技术试验研究[J].钻采工艺,2014,37(5):59-62.HU S Y. Experimental study of hydraulic jet drilling and directional fracturing technology[J]. Drilling&Production Technology,2014,37(5):59-62.
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[9]鲜保安,夏柏如,张义,等.开发低煤阶煤层气的新型径向水平井技术[J].煤田地质与勘探,2010,38(4):25-29.XIAN B A,XIA B R,ZHANG Y,et al. Technical analysis on radial horizontal well for development of coalbed methane of low coal rank[J]. Coal Geology&Exploration,2010,38(4):25-29.
[10]李根生,廖华林,黄中伟,等.超高压水射流作用下岩石损伤破碎机理[J].机械工程学报,2009(10):284-293.LI G S,LIAO H L,HUANG Z W,et al. Rock damage mechanism under ultra-high pressure water jet impact[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2009(10):284-293.
[11]李根生,黄中伟,李敬彬.水力喷射径向水平井钻井关键技术研究[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(2):1-9.LI G S,HUANG Z W,LI J B. Study of the key techniques in radial jet drilling[J]. Petroleum Drilling Technique,2017,45(2):1-9.
[12] LI G S,HUANG Z W,TIAN S C,et al. Research and application of water jet technology in well completion and stimulation in China[J]. Petroleum Science,2010,7(2):239-244.
[13]毕刚,李根生,屈展,等.自进式旋转射流钻头破岩效果[J].石油学报,2016,37(5):680-687.BI G,LI G S,QU Z,et al. Rock breaking efficiency of the self-propelled swirling jet bit[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(5):680-687.
[14]王文涛,胡胜勇.水力喷射钻孔技术在静北潜山油藏的试验研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(4):19-22.WANG W T,HU S Y. Experimental study on jetting drilling technology in Jingbei buried hill reservoir[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology, 2011, 33(4):19-22.
[15]魏嘉铖,齐海鹰,尉小明.水力喷射钻孔技术在辽河油田应用研究[J].钻采工艺,2017,40(3):59-61.WEI J Z,QI H Y,YU X M. Study on application of water jet drilling technology at Liaohe oilfield[J].Drilling&Production Technology, 2017, 40(3):59-61.
[16]刘柏,李玖勇,杨华,等.水力喷射径向钻孔技术在白马庙气田挖潜中的应用[J].钻采工艺,2015,38(6):21-23.LIU B,LI J Y,YANG H,et al. Application of hydraulic jet radial drilling in Baimamiao gas field potential[J]. Drilling&Production Technology,2015,38(6):21-23.
[17]钱国全,储明来,刘子龙,等.水力喷射径向钻孔技术在江苏油田的应用研究[J].复杂油气藏,2012,5(4):62-64.QIAN G Q,CHU M L,LIU Z L,et al. Research of the application of hydraulic jet radial drilling techniques in Jiangsu oilfield[J]. Complex Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2012,5(4):62-64.
[18]毕刚,马东军,李根生,等.水力喷射侧钻径向水平井眼延伸能力[J].断块油气田,2016,23(5):643-647.BI G,MA D J,LI G S,et al. Extension ability of hydra-jet sidetracking of radial horizontal well[J]. Fracture Block Oil and Gas Field,2016,23(5):643-647.
[19]廖华林,管志川,史玉才,等.井下增压装置提高钻速机理与适用性[J].石油学报,2015,36(9):1141-1147.LIAO H L,GUAN Z C,SHI Y C,et al. Mechanism and applicability of increasing drilling rate for downhole supercharging device[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(9):1141-1147.
[2]崔传智,吴忠维,郝永卯,等.低渗透油藏径向钻孔技术极限井距及应用[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(3):67-71.CUI C Z,WU Z W,HAO Y M,et al. Limit spacing of radial drilling in low-permeability reservoirs and its application[J]. Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2018,25(3):67-71.
[3]杨东,高庆云,朱英洁,等.油气井径向水力喷射钻孔工艺技术研究与应用[J].油气井测试,2017,26(1):67-69.YANG D,GAO Q Y,ZHU Y J,et al. Research and application of radial hydraulic jet drilling technology in oil and gas well[J]. Gas and Oil Well Testing,2017,26(1):67-69.
[4] DICKINSON W,DICKINSON R W. Horizontal radial drilling system[R]. SPE 13949,1985.
[5]胡胜勇.水力喷射钻孔定向压裂技术试验研究[J].钻采工艺,2014,37(5):59-62.HU S Y. Experimental study of hydraulic jet drilling and directional fracturing technology[J]. Drilling&Production Technology,2014,37(5):59-62.
[6]施连海,李永和,郭洪峰,等.高压水射流径向水平井钻井技术[J].石油钻探技术,2001,29(5):21-22.SHI L H,LI Y H,GUO H F,et al. Radial horizontal drilling techniques with high pressure water jet[J]. Oil Drilling Technology,2001,29(5):21-22.
[7] LANDERS C W. Method of and apparatus for horizontal well drilling:US5853056[P]. 1998-06-17.
[8]熊继有,薛亮,杨令瑞,等.机械-射流破岩耦合特性研究[J].钻采工艺,2006,29(1):33-36.XIONG J Y,XUE L,YANG L R,et al. Research on the coupling characteristics of mechanical-jetting rock cutting[J]. Drilling&Production Technology,2006,29(1):33-36.
[9]鲜保安,夏柏如,张义,等.开发低煤阶煤层气的新型径向水平井技术[J].煤田地质与勘探,2010,38(4):25-29.XIAN B A,XIA B R,ZHANG Y,et al. Technical analysis on radial horizontal well for development of coalbed methane of low coal rank[J]. Coal Geology&Exploration,2010,38(4):25-29.
[10]李根生,廖华林,黄中伟,等.超高压水射流作用下岩石损伤破碎机理[J].机械工程学报,2009(10):284-293.LI G S,LIAO H L,HUANG Z W,et al. Rock damage mechanism under ultra-high pressure water jet impact[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2009(10):284-293.
[11]李根生,黄中伟,李敬彬.水力喷射径向水平井钻井关键技术研究[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(2):1-9.LI G S,HUANG Z W,LI J B. Study of the key techniques in radial jet drilling[J]. Petroleum Drilling Technique,2017,45(2):1-9.
[12] LI G S,HUANG Z W,TIAN S C,et al. Research and application of water jet technology in well completion and stimulation in China[J]. Petroleum Science,2010,7(2):239-244.
[13]毕刚,李根生,屈展,等.自进式旋转射流钻头破岩效果[J].石油学报,2016,37(5):680-687.BI G,LI G S,QU Z,et al. Rock breaking efficiency of the self-propelled swirling jet bit[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(5):680-687.
[14]王文涛,胡胜勇.水力喷射钻孔技术在静北潜山油藏的试验研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2011,33(4):19-22.WANG W T,HU S Y. Experimental study on jetting drilling technology in Jingbei buried hill reservoir[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology, 2011, 33(4):19-22.
[15]魏嘉铖,齐海鹰,尉小明.水力喷射钻孔技术在辽河油田应用研究[J].钻采工艺,2017,40(3):59-61.WEI J Z,QI H Y,YU X M. Study on application of water jet drilling technology at Liaohe oilfield[J].Drilling&Production Technology, 2017, 40(3):59-61.
[16]刘柏,李玖勇,杨华,等.水力喷射径向钻孔技术在白马庙气田挖潜中的应用[J].钻采工艺,2015,38(6):21-23.LIU B,LI J Y,YANG H,et al. Application of hydraulic jet radial drilling in Baimamiao gas field potential[J]. Drilling&Production Technology,2015,38(6):21-23.
[17]钱国全,储明来,刘子龙,等.水力喷射径向钻孔技术在江苏油田的应用研究[J].复杂油气藏,2012,5(4):62-64.QIAN G Q,CHU M L,LIU Z L,et al. Research of the application of hydraulic jet radial drilling techniques in Jiangsu oilfield[J]. Complex Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2012,5(4):62-64.
[18]毕刚,马东军,李根生,等.水力喷射侧钻径向水平井眼延伸能力[J].断块油气田,2016,23(5):643-647.BI G,MA D J,LI G S,et al. Extension ability of hydra-jet sidetracking of radial horizontal well[J]. Fracture Block Oil and Gas Field,2016,23(5):643-647.
[19]廖华林,管志川,史玉才,等.井下增压装置提高钻速机理与适用性[J].石油学报,2015,36(9):1141-1147.LIAO H L,GUAN Z C,SHI Y C,et al. Mechanism and applicability of increasing drilling rate for downhole supercharging device[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(9):1141-1147.