不同施氮量对春茬厚皮甜瓜生育后期氮磷钾吸收及利用的影响
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摘要
采用盆栽砂培实验,以"翠甜"厚皮甜瓜为材料,设6个氮处理(0、5、10、15、20、25 mmol/L)研究其对海南地区春茬厚皮甜瓜生育后期氮磷钾养分吸收及利用的影响。结果表明:施氮能够显著增加膨大期根、果实氮含量,显著增加生育后期茎叶、果实及全株中的氮、磷和钾积累量,显著增加氮磷钾养分收获指数和单果鲜重,增加磷生理利用效率,显著降低膨大期果实钾含量及氮生理利用效率。钾生理利用效率随氮水平增加先增加后降低,在10mmol/L时达到峰值。本研究中,10mmol/L氮处理单果鲜重最大,氮磷钾养分生理利用效率也最高,且氮磷钾养分收获指数居中,最有利于节约施肥,经济效益最大化。
In this study we aimed to determine the effects of different nitrogen application on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake and utilization at the latter of muskmelon with six nitrogen treatments(0 mmol/L, 5 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L, 15 mmol/L, 20 mmol/L, 25 mmol/L). The results showed that nitrogen application could promote significantly the nitrogen content of root and fruit at the expanding stage of muskmelon during the spring in Hainan, increase significantly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation of stems and leaves, fruits and full plant at the latter of muskmelon, improve significantly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium harvest index and single fruit weight, improve phosphorus physiological use efficiency, decrease significantly potassium content of fruit at the expanding stage of muskmelon and nitrogen physiological use efficiency. Physiological use efficiency of potassium firstly increased and then decreased with more nitrogen, peaking at the level of 10 mmol/L. The 10 mmol/L nitrogen treatment had the highest single fruit weight and physiological utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
In this study we aimed to determine the effects of different nitrogen application on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake and utilization at the latter of muskmelon with six nitrogen treatments(0 mmol/L, 5 mmol/L, 10 mmol/L, 15 mmol/L, 20 mmol/L, 25 mmol/L). The results showed that nitrogen application could promote significantly the nitrogen content of root and fruit at the expanding stage of muskmelon during the spring in Hainan, increase significantly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation of stems and leaves, fruits and full plant at the latter of muskmelon, improve significantly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium harvest index and single fruit weight, improve phosphorus physiological use efficiency, decrease significantly potassium content of fruit at the expanding stage of muskmelon and nitrogen physiological use efficiency. Physiological use efficiency of potassium firstly increased and then decreased with more nitrogen, peaking at the level of 10 mmol/L. The 10 mmol/L nitrogen treatment had the highest single fruit weight and physiological utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
引文
[1]陈文科.海南统计年鉴2016[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.
[2]白厚义.试验方法及统计分析[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2005:53.
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[4]蒋鹏,熊洪,张林,等.不同生态条件下施氮量和移栽密度对杂交稻氮、磷、钾吸收积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(2):342-350.
[5]魏金连,潘晓华.不同生育阶段夜温升高对双季水稻物质生产与养分吸收的影响[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(12):2 521-2525.
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[8]杜少平,马忠明,薛亮.适宜施氮量提高温室砂田滴灌甜瓜产量品质及水氮利用效率[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(5):112-119.
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[10]胡国智,冯炯鑫,张炎,等.施氮对甜瓜干物质积累、分配及产量和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(1):29-32.
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[12]姜涛.氮肥运筹对夏玉米产量、品质及植株养分含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(3):559-565.
[13]张丽华,赵洪祥,闫伟平,等.不同施氮量对玉米产量及各器官氮素分配的影响[J].吉林农业科学,2014,39(3):46-48, 87.
[14]龙岳林,王奎武,许春英,等.水仙生长期氮、磷、钾含量的动态变化[J].湖南农业大学学报, 1997, 23(3):234-237.
[15]宁运旺,马洪波,许仙菊,等.氮磷钾缺乏对甘薯前期生长和养分吸收的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(3):486-495.
[16]岳文俊.水氮供应和施肥频率对温室甜瓜生长和养分吸收的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2015.
[17]胡国智,冯炯鑫,张炎,等.不同施氮量对甜瓜养分吸收、分配、利用及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013, 19(3):760-766.
[18]薛亮,马忠明,杜少平,等.水氮耦合对绿洲灌区土壤硝态氮运移及甜瓜氮素吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(1):139-147.
[19]薛亮,马忠明,杜少平,等.嫁接与施氮对甜瓜产量和氮素吸收、利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(6):1 909-1 916.
[20]樊翔宇,李建明,蔡东升,等.补充营养液中不同氮钾水平对甜瓜产量和品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 45(11):85-91.
[2]白厚义.试验方法及统计分析[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2005:53.
[3]曾希柏,侯光炯,青长乐,等.土壤-植物系统中光照与氮素的相互关系研究[J].生态学报, 2000, 20(1):103-108.
[4]蒋鹏,熊洪,张林,等.不同生态条件下施氮量和移栽密度对杂交稻氮、磷、钾吸收积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(2):342-350.
[5]魏金连,潘晓华.不同生育阶段夜温升高对双季水稻物质生产与养分吸收的影响[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(12):2 521-2525.
[6]张艳丽.温室温湿度及氮、钾施肥对厚皮甜瓜生长及品质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2010.
[7]曹明,黄植,杨小锋,等.热带设施无土栽培氮肥水平对甜瓜产量和品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2013(22):86-89.
[8]杜少平,马忠明,薛亮.适宜施氮量提高温室砂田滴灌甜瓜产量品质及水氮利用效率[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(5):112-119.
[9]司琼.氮素营养对设施甜瓜生长发育及产量品质的影响[J].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学, 2015.
[10]胡国智,冯炯鑫,张炎,等.施氮对甜瓜干物质积累、分配及产量和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014(1):29-32.
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2000:264-271.
[12]姜涛.氮肥运筹对夏玉米产量、品质及植株养分含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(3):559-565.
[13]张丽华,赵洪祥,闫伟平,等.不同施氮量对玉米产量及各器官氮素分配的影响[J].吉林农业科学,2014,39(3):46-48, 87.
[14]龙岳林,王奎武,许春英,等.水仙生长期氮、磷、钾含量的动态变化[J].湖南农业大学学报, 1997, 23(3):234-237.
[15]宁运旺,马洪波,许仙菊,等.氮磷钾缺乏对甘薯前期生长和养分吸收的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(3):486-495.
[16]岳文俊.水氮供应和施肥频率对温室甜瓜生长和养分吸收的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2015.
[17]胡国智,冯炯鑫,张炎,等.不同施氮量对甜瓜养分吸收、分配、利用及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013, 19(3):760-766.
[18]薛亮,马忠明,杜少平,等.水氮耦合对绿洲灌区土壤硝态氮运移及甜瓜氮素吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(1):139-147.
[19]薛亮,马忠明,杜少平,等.嫁接与施氮对甜瓜产量和氮素吸收、利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(6):1 909-1 916.
[20]樊翔宇,李建明,蔡东升,等.补充营养液中不同氮钾水平对甜瓜产量和品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 45(11):85-91.